No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Categorization and affordances
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 February 2010
Abstract
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Open Peer Commentary
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1981
References
Ahr, P. R. & Youniss, J. (1970) Reasons for failure on the class-inclusion problem. Child Development 41:131–43. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, R. D. (1974) The evolution of social behavior. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5:325–83. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allee, W. C. et al. (1949) Principles of animal ecology. Philadelphia: Saunders. [PAC]Google Scholar
Attneave, F. (1950) Dimensions of similarity. American Journal of Psychology 63:516–56. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ayala, F. J. (1970) Teleological explanations in evolutionary biology. Philosophy of Science 37:1–15. [PAC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayala, F. J. (1974) The concept of biological progress. In: Studies in the philosophy of biology, ed. Ayala, F. J. & Dobzhansky, Th.. Berkeley: University of California Press. [PAC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beckner, M. (1959) The biological way of thought. New York: Columbia University Press. [ALC, MR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benzer, S. (1957) The elementary units of heredity. In: The chemical basis of heredity, ed. McElroy, W. D. & Glass, B., pp. 70–93. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. [MTG]Google Scholar
Berlin, B. (1973) Folk systematics in relation to biological classification and nomenclature. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 4:259–71. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berlin, B. (1978) Ethnobiological classification. In: Cognition and categorization, ed. Rosch, E. & Lloyd, B. B., pp. 9–26. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [MTG]Google Scholar
Berlin, B.; Breedlove, D. E. & Raven, P. H. (1966) Folk taxonomies and biological classification. Science 154:273–75. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blus, L. J. & Keahey, J. A. (1978) Variation in reproductivity with age in the brown pelican. Auk 95:128–34. [TDJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, L. (1978) Nonanalytic concept formation and memory for instances. In: Cognition and categorization, ed. Rosch, E. & Lloyd, B. B., pp. 169–211. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [MTG]Google Scholar
Bruner, J. (1957) On perceptual readiness. Psychological Review 64:123–52. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buck, R. C. & Hull, D. L. (1966) The logical structure of the Linnaean hierarchy. Systematic Zoology 15:97–111. [MTG, SNS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buck, R. C. & Hull, D. L. (1969) Reply to Gregg. Systematic Zoology 18:354–57. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bunge, M. (1978) A model of evolution. Applied Mathematical Modelling 2:201–4. [MB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bunge, M. (1979a) Some topical problems in biophilosophy. Journal of Social and Biological Structures 2:155–72. [MB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, D. T. (1974) Evolutionary epistemology. In: The philosophy of Karl Popper, ed. Schlipp, P. A., pp. 413–63. La Salle, Ill.: Open Court. [MTG]Google Scholar
Caplan, A. (1980a, in press) Back to class: A note on the ontology of species. Philosophy of Science. [ALC]Google Scholar
Caplan, A. (1980b) Have species become déclassé? In: PSA-1980, ed. Asquith, P. & Giere, R., pp. 71–82. East Lansing, Mich.: Philosophy of Science Association. [ALC]Google Scholar
Charnov, E. L. (1979) The genetical evolution of patterns of sexuality: Darwinian fitness. American Naturalist 113:465–80. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1980) Rules and representations. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:1–61. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, H. P. (1938) Aristotle: The categories. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. [MTG]Google Scholar
Corning, P. A. (1971) The biological bases of behavior and some implications for political science. World Politics 23:321–70. [PAC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corning, P. A. (1974) Politics and the evolutionary process. In: Evolutionary biology, vol. 7, ed. Dobzhansky, Th., Hecht, M. K. & Steere, W. C.. New York: Plenum Press. [PAC]Google Scholar
Corning, P. A. (1980a) A general theory of progressive evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, in review. [PAC]Google Scholar
Corning, P. A. (1980b) Natural selection and teleonomic selection. Journal of Social and Biological Structures, in review. [PAC]Google Scholar
Corning, P. A. (forthcoming) Politics and the evolutionary process. New York: Harper & Row. [PAC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Croce, B. (1922) Aesthetic: As science of expression and general linguistic. 2d. ed.New York: Macmillan. [MTG]Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1859) On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. Baltimore: Penguin, 1968. [PAC, MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darwin, C. (1872) The expression of the emotions in man and animals. London: John Murray. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawkins, R. (1978) Replicator selection and the extended phenotype. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 47:61–76. [DLH, MTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deulsch, K. (1963) The nerves of government: Models of communication and control. New York: Free Press. [PAC]Google Scholar
Dhoot, G. K. & Perry, S. V. (1979) Distribution of polymorphic forms of troponin components and tropomyosin in skeletal muscle. Nature 278:711–18. [AP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dobzhansky, Th. (1951a) Genetics and the origin of species. 3rd ed.New York: Columbia University Press. [MR]Google Scholar
Dobzhansky, Th. (1951b) Mendelian populations and their evolution. In: Genetics in the twentieth century, ed. Dunn, L. C., pp. 573–89. New York: Macmillan. [WLF]Google Scholar
Dobzhansky, Th. (1970) Genetics of the evolutionary process. New York: Columbia University Press. [MR]Google Scholar
Dobzhansky, Th. (1974) Introductory remarks. In: Studies in the philosophy of biology, ed. Ayala, F. J. & Dobzhansky, Th.. Berkeley: University of California Press. [PAC]Google Scholar
Dray, W., ed. (1966) Philosophical analysis and history. New York: Harper & Row. [ALC]Google Scholar
Dunbar, M. (1960) The evolution of stability in marine ecosystems: Natural selection at the level of the ecosystem. American Naturalist 94:129–36. [MB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eddington, A. (1929) The nature of the physical world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [MR]Google Scholar
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1979) Human ethology: Concepts and implications for the sciences of man. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2:1–57. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekman, P., ed. (1973) Darwin and facial expression: A century of research in review. New York: Academic Press. [MTG]Google Scholar
Eldredge, N. & Cracraft, J. (1980) Phylogenetic patterns and the evolutionary process: Method and theory in comparative biology. New York: Columbia University Press. [MTG]Google Scholar
Eldredge, N. & Gould, S. J. (1972) Punctuated equilibria: An alternative to phyletic gradualism. In: Models in paleobiology, ed. Schopf, T. J. M., pp. 82–115. San Francisco: Freeman and Cooper. [DLH]Google Scholar
Evans, S. H. (1967) A brief statement of schema theory. Psychonomic Science 8:87–88. [MTC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feyerabend, P. K. (1962) Explanation, reduction and empiricism. In: Minnesota studies in the philosophy of science, vol. 3, ed. Feigl, H. and Maxwell, G., pp. 28–98. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. [AR]Google Scholar
Fink, W. L. (1979) Optimal classifications. Systematic Zoology 28:371–74. [WLF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fodor, J. A. (1972) Some reflections on L. S. Vygotsky's Thought and language. Cognition 1:83–96. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fodor, J. A. (1980) Methodological solipsism considered as a research strategy in cognitive psychology. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:63–109. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardiner, P., ed. (1974) The philosophy of history. London: Oxford University Press. [ALC]Google Scholar
Garner, W. R. (1978) Aspects of a stimulus: Features, dimensions, and configurations. In: Cognition and categorization, ed. Rosch, E. & Lloyd, B. B., pp. 99–133. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [MTG]Google Scholar
Garrettson, J. (1971) Cognitive style and classification. Journal of Genetic Psychology 119:79–87. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghiselin, M. T. (1966a) On psychologism in the logic of taxonomic controversies. Systematic Zoology 15:207–15. [MTG, EOW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghiselin, M. T. (1966b) On semantic pitfalls of biological adaptation. Philosophy of Science 33:147–53. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghiselin, M. T. (1969a) The principles and concepts of systematic biology. In: Systematic biology: Proceedings of an international conference, pp. 45–55. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences. [MTG]Google Scholar
Ghiselin, M. T. (1969b) The triumph of the Darwinian method. Berkeley: University of California Press. [MTG]Google Scholar
Ghiselin, M. T. (1971) The individual in the Darwinian revolution. New Literary History 3:113–34. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghiselin, M. T. (1972) Models in phylogeny. In: Models in paleobiology, ed. Schopf, T. J. M., pp. 130–45. San Francisco: Freeman and Cooper. [MTG]Google Scholar
Ghiselin, M. T. (1973) Darwin and evolutionary psychology. Science 179:964–68. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ghiselin, M. T. (1974a) The economy of nature and the evolution of sex. Berkeley: University of California Press. [MTG]Google Scholar
Ghiselin, M. T. (1974b) A radical solution to the species problem. Systematic Zoology 23:536–54. [MTG, RKJ, EOW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghiselin, M. T. (1976) The nomenclature of correspondence: A new look at “homology” and “analogy.” In: Evolution, brain and behavior: Persistent problems, ed. Masterton, R. B., Hodos, W. & Jerison, H., pp. 129–42. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [MTG]Google Scholar
Ghiselin, M. T. (1978) The economy of the body. American Economic Review 68:233–37. [MTG]Google Scholar
Ghiselin, M. T. (1980a) Biogeographical units: More on radical solutions. Systematic Zoology 29:80–85. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghiselin, M. T. (1980b) Evolutionary anatomy and language. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:20–21. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghiselin, M. T. (1980c) Natural kinds and literary accomplishments. Michigan Quarterly Review 19:73–88. [MTG, RKJ, EOW]Google Scholar
Gibson, J. J. (1966) The senses considered as perceptual systems. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. [MTG, ESR]Google Scholar
Gibson, J. J. (1977) The theory of affordances. In: Perceiving, acting and knowing, ed. Shaw, R. & Bransford, J., pp. 67–82. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [RKJ]Google Scholar
Gibson, J. J. (1979) The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. [RKJ]Google Scholar
Gibson, J. J. & Gibson, E. J. (1955) Perceptual learning: Differentiation or enrichment? Psychological Review 62:32–41. [ESR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gleason, H. A. (1926) The individualistic concept of the plant association. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 53:1–20. [WLF, MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, S. J. & Eldredge, N. (1977) Punctuated equilibria: The tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. Paleobiology 3:115–51. [ALC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregg, J. R. (1954) The language of taxonomy. New York: Columbia University Press. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregg, J. R. (1968) Buck and Hull: A critical rejoinder. Systematic Zoology 17:342–44. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, R. L. (1980) Perceptions as hypotheses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London) B 290:181–97. [AP]Google ScholarPubMed
Gruber, H. E. (1978) Darwin's “tree of nature” and other images of wide scope. In: On aesthetics in science, ed. Wechsler, J., pp. 121–40. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press. [SNS]Google Scholar
Harris, M. (1968) The rise of an anthropological theory. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell. [SNS]Google Scholar
Haywood, R. C. & Bourne, L. E. (1965) Attribute- and rule-learning aspects of conceptual behavior. Psychological Review 72:175–95. [MTG]Google Scholar
Heise, H. & Starr, M. P. (1968) Nomenifers: Are they christened or classified? Systematic Zoology 17:458–67. [HH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hempel, C. G. (1965) Aspects of scientific explanation and other essays in the philosophy of science. New York: Free Press. [MTG]Google Scholar
Hennig, W. (1966) Phylogenetic systematics. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. [WLF, EOW]Google Scholar
Hull, D. L. (1974) Philosophy of biological science. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. [MB]Google Scholar
Hull, D. L. (1975) Central subjects and historical narratives. History and Theory 14:253–74. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hull, D. L. (1976a) Are species really individuals? Systematic Zoology 25:174–91. [MTG, SNS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hull, D. L. (1976b) The ontological status of biological species. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 32:347–58. [MTG]Google Scholar
Hull, D. L. (1978) A matter of individuality. Philosophy of Science 45:335–60. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hull, D. L. (1980a) Individuality and selection. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 11:311–32. [DLH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hull, D. L. (1980b) Sociobiology: Another new synthesis. In: Sociobiology: Beyond nature/nurture, ed. Barlow, G. W. & Silverberg, J., pp. 77–96. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press. [MTG]Google Scholar
Hull, D. L. & Snyder, D. P. (1969) Contemporary logic and evolutionary taxonomy: A reply to Gregg. Systematic Zoology 18:347–54. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huxley, T. H. (1854) Upon animal individuality. Proceedings of the Royal Institution 1:184–89. [MTG, SNS]Google Scholar
Kitts, D. B. & Kitts, D. J. (1979) Biological species as natural kinds. Philosophy of Science 46:613–22. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, L. C.; Kagan, J. & Rabson, A. (1963) Influence of a preference for analytic categorization upon concept acquisition. Child Development 34:433–42. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewontin, R. C. (1970) The units of selection. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 1:1–18. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewontin, R. C. (1978) Adaptation. Scientific American 239:156–59. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luria, A. R. (1976) Cognitive development. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. [RKJ]Google Scholar
MacLean, C. M. (1973) A triune concept of the brain and behavior. In: The Clarence M. Hincks memorial lectures, 1969, ed. Boog, T. J. & Campbell, D., pp. 4–66. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. [WLF]Google Scholar
Mandelbaum, M. (1977) The anatomy of historical knowledge. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. [ALC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markman, E. M. (1973) Facilitation of part-whole comparisons by use of the collective noun “family.” Child Development 44:837–40. [MTG, RKJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markman, E. M. (1979) Classes and collections: Conceptual organization and numerical abilities. Cognitive Psychology 11:395–411. [MTG, RKJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markman, E. M. & Seibert, J. (1976) Classes and collections: Internal organization and resulting holistic properties. Cognitive Psychology 8:561–77. [MTC, FCK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayr, E. (1940) Speciation phenomena in birds. American Naturalist 74:249–78. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayr, E. (1954) Darwin and evolutionary theory in biology. In: Evolution and anthropology: A centennial appraisal, ed. Meggers, B. J., pp. 1–10. Washington, D.C.: The Anthropological Society of Washington. [MTG]Google Scholar
Mayr, E. (1974) Teleological and teleonomic: A new analysis. In: Boston studies in the philosophy of science, vol. 14, ed. Cohen, R. S. & Wartofsky, M. W.. Boston: Reidel. [PAC]Google Scholar
Mayr, E. (1976) Is the species a class or an individual? Systematic Zoology 25:192. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayr, E. & Provine, W. V. (1980) The evolutionary synthesis: Perspectives on the unifications of biology. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mill, J. S. (1843) A system of logic, ratiocinative and inductive. London: Longmans. [MTC]Google Scholar
Munitz, M. K., ed. (1971) Identity and individuation. New York: New York University Press. [HH]Google Scholar
Nagel, E. (1960) Determinism in history. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 20:291–317. [ALC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, K. (1974) Concept, word and sentence: Interrelations in acquisition and development. Psychological Review 81:267–85. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neumann, P. G. (1974) An attribute frequency model for the abstraction of prototypes. Memory and Cognition 2:241–48. [MTC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ohno, S. (1970) Evolution by gene duplication. London: Allen & Unwin; Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag. [AP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Keefe, J. & Nadel, L. (1979) Précis of O'Keefe & Nadel's The hippocampus as a cognitive map. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2:487–533. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, C. (1977) The contribution of paleontology to teleostean phylogeny. In: Major patterns in vertebrate evolution, ed. Hecht, M. K., Goody, P. C. & Hecht, B. M., pp. 579–643. New York: Plenum Press. [WLF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, C. (1978) Verifiability in systematics. Systematic Zoology 28:218–22. [WLF, MTC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peirce, C. S. (1934) Collected papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, ed. Hartshorne, C. & Weiss, P.. Vol. 6. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. [HH]Google Scholar
Pittendrigh, C. (1958) Adaptation, natural selection and behavior. In: Behavior and evolution, ed. Roe, A. & Simpson, G. G.. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. [PAC]Google Scholar
Platnick, N. I. (1977) Review of C. N. Slobodchikoff, Concepts of species. Systematic Zoology 26:96–98. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Platnick, N. I. & Gaffney, E. S. (1978) Evolutionary biology: A Popperian perspective. Systematic Zoology 27:137–41. [ALC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Posner, M. I. & Keele, S. W. (1968) On the genesis of abstract ideas. Journal of Experimental Psychology 77:353–63. [MTC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reed, E. S. (1979) The role of symmetry in Ghiselin's “radical solution to the species problem.” Systematic Zoology 27:159–88. [MTG]Google Scholar
Reed, E. S. (1980) The corporeal ideas hypothesis and the origin of scientific psychology. Ph.D. dissertation, Boston University. [ESR]Google Scholar
Reed, E. S. & Jones, R. K. (1977) Towards a definition of living systems: A theory of ecological support for behavior. Acta Biotheoretica 26:153–63. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reed, E. S. & Jones, R. K. (1978) Gibson's theory of perception: A case of hasty epistemologizing? Philosophy of Science 45:519–30. [ESR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reed, E. S. & Jones, R. K. (in press) Is perception blind? Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior. [ESR]Google Scholar
Reed, S. K. (1972) Pattern recognition and categorization. Cognitive Psychology 3:382–407. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reid, T. (1785) Essays on the intellectual powers of man. Reprint ed. 1969. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press. [MTC]Google Scholar
Rensch, B. (1947) Evolution above the species level. New York: Columbia University Press. [PAC]Google Scholar
Roederer, J. G. (1979) Human brain functions and the foundations of science. Endeavour N.S. 3:99–103. [AP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosch, E. (1975) Cognitive representations of semantic categories. Journal of Experimental Psychology, General 104:192–233. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosch, E. (1978) Principles of categorization. In: Cognition and categorization, ed. Rosch, E. & Lloyd, B. B., pp. 247–48. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [MTG, ESR]Google Scholar
Rosch, E. & Lloyd, B. B., eds. (1978) Cognition and categorization. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [MTC]Google Scholar
Rosch, E. & Lloyd, B. B., eds. (1978) Introduction. Cognition and categorization, ed. Rosch, E. & Lloyd, B. B.. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [ESR]Google Scholar
Rosch, E. & Mervis, C. B. (1975) Family resemblances: Studies in the internal structure of categories. Cognitive Psychology 7:573–605. [MTG, FCK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosch, E.; Mervis, C. B.; Gray, W. D.; Johnson, D. M. & Boyes-Braem, P. (1976) Basic objects in natural categories. Cognitive Psychology 8:382–439. [MTG, RKJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenberg, A. (1978) The supervenience of biological concepts. Philosophy of Science 45:368–87. [AR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenberg, A. (1980) Sociobiology and the preemption of social science. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. [MTG, AR]Google Scholar
Rosenberg, A. (1981) Species notions and the theoretical hierarchy of biology. Nature and System. (Forthcoming) [AR]Google Scholar
Ruse, M. (1969) Definitions of species in biology. British Journal of the Philosophy of Science 20:97–119. [MR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruse, M. (1981) Is science sexist? And other problems in the biomedical sciences. Dordrecht: Reidel. [MR]Google Scholar
Salthe, S. N. (1975) Problems of macroevolution (molecular evolution, phenotype definition, and canalization) as seen from a hierarchical viewpoint. American Zoologist 15:295–314. [SNS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, S. P., ed. (1978) Naming, necessity, and natural kinds. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. [MTG, SPS]Google Scholar
Simpson, G. G. (1958) Behavior and evolution. In: Behavior and evolution, ed. Roe, A. & Simpson, G. G.. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. [PAC]Google Scholar
Simpson, G. G. (1964) This view of life. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World. [MTG, AR]Google Scholar
Simpson, G. G. (1967) The meaning of evolution. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. [PAC]Google Scholar
Sokal, R. R. & Sneath, P. H. A. (1963) Principles of numerical taxonomy. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Co. [MR]Google Scholar
Spencer, H. (1857) Progress: Its law and cause. In: Essays: Scientific, political and speculative. Reprint ed. 1892, New York: Appleton. [PAC]Google Scholar
Stebbins, G. L. (1969) The basis of progressive evolution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. [PAC]Google Scholar
Steinbruner, J. D. (1974) The cybernetic theory of decision. Princeton: Princeton University Press. [PAC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tversky, A. (1977) Features of similarity. Psychological Review 84:327–352. [ESR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tversky, A. & Gati, I. (1978) Studies of similarity. In: Cognition and categorization, ed. Rosch, E. & Lloyd, B. B., pp. 79–98. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [MTG]Google Scholar
Van Valen, L. (1976) Individualistic classes. Philosophy of Science 43:539–41. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wade, N. (1979) Supreme Court to say if life is patentable. Science 206:664. [MR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wade, N. (1980a) Supreme Court hears argument on patenting life forms. Science 208:31–32. [MR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wade, N. (1980b) Court says lab-made life can be patented. Science 208:1445. [MR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weismann, A. (1904) The evolution theory (Thomson, T. A. & Thomson, M. R., trans.). London: Edward Arnold. [PAC]Google Scholar
Whyte, L. L. (1965) Internal factors in evolution. New York: George Braziller. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiley, E. O. (1978) The evolutionary species concept reconsidered. Systematic Zoology 27:17–26. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiley, E. O. (1980) Is the evolutionary species fiction? - A consideration of classes, individuals and historical entities. Systematic Zoology 29:76–80. [WLF, MTG, EOW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, G. C. (1966) Adaptation and natural selection: A critique of some current evolutionary thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press. [MTG, FJO, SNS]Google Scholar
Williams, M. B. (1971) Deducing the consequences of evolution: A mathematical model. Journal of Theoretical Biology 28:343–85. [AR]Google Scholar
Williams, M. B. (1973) The logical status of the theory of natural selection and other evolutionary controversies. In: Methodological unity of science, ed. Bunge, M., pp. 84–102. Dordecht: Reidel. [AP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, S. (1934) The method of path coefficients. Annals of Mathematical Statistics 5:161–215. [PAC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar