Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T15:49:59.481Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

PARRYing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Kenneth Mark Colby
Kenneth Mark Colby
Affiliation:
Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif. 90024
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Author's Response
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 4 , Issue 4 , December 1981 , pp. 550 - 560
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1981

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abelson, R. P. (1968) Computer simulation of social behavior. In: Handbook of social psychology, ed. Lindzey, G. & Aronson, E., vol. 2. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. [RR]Google Scholar
Abelson, R. P. (1973) The structure of belief systems. In Computer models of thought and language, ed. Schank, R. C. & Colby, K. M.. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. [JGC, KMCa]Google Scholar
Agassi, J. (1976) Review of Weizenbaum (1976). Technology and Culture 17:13–6. [JA]Google Scholar
Agassi, J. (1977) Towards a rational philosophical anthropology. The Hague: Martnus Nijhoff. [JA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alston, W. P. (1977) Self-intervention and the structure of motivation. In: The self: psychological and philosophical issues, ed. Mischel, T.. Oxford: Blackwell. [KMCa]Google Scholar
Angrist, B. M. & Gershon, S. (1970) The phenomenology of experimentally induced amphetamine psychosis: Preliminary observations. Biological Psychiatry 2:95–107. [DWS]Google ScholarPubMed
Bobrow, D. G. & Winograd, T. (1977) An overview of KRL, a knowledge representation language. Cognitive Science 1:3–46. [KMCa]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bunge, M. (1973) Method, model and matter. Dordrecht: D. Reidel. [KMCa]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, N. (1959) Paranoid conditions and paranoia. In: American handbook of psychiatry, vol. 1, ed. Arieti, S.. New York: Basic Books. [KMCa]Google Scholar
Carbonell, J. G. (1979) Subjective understanding: Computer models of belief systems., Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University. [JGC]Google Scholar
Carbonell, J. G. (1981) POLITICS: An experiment in subjective understanding and integrated reasoning. In: Inside computer understanding: Five programs plus miniatures, ed. Schank, R. C. & Riesbeck, C. K.. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. [JGC]Google Scholar
Carbonell, J. G. & Hayes, P. J. (1981). Dynamic strategy selection in flexible parsing. Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. [JGC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cerf, V. (1973) Parry encounters the doctor. Datamation 19:62–64. [VT]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1965) Aspects of a theory of syntax. Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press. [JGC]Google Scholar
Churchland, P. M. (1979) Scientific realism and the plasticity of mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [KMCa]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clippinger, J. (1977) Meaning and discourse: A computer model of psychoanalytic speech and cognition. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. [VT]Google Scholar
Colby, K. M. (1963) Computer simulation of a neurotic process. In: Computer simulation of personality: Frontier of psychological research, ed. Tomkins, S. S. & Messick, S.. New York: Wiley. [KMCa, RR]Google Scholar
Colby, K. M. (1973) Simulation of belief systems. In: Computer models of thought and language, ed. Schank, R. & Colby, K.. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. [RR]Google Scholar
Colby, K. M. (1975) Artificial paranoia: Computer simulation of paranoid processes. Elmsford, N.Y.: Pergamon Press. [KMCar]Google Scholar
Colby, K. M. (1977a) An appraisal of four psychological theories of paranoid phenomena. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 86:54–59. [KMCa]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Colby, K. M. (1977b) On the way people and models do it. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 21:99–104. [KMCa]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Colby, K. M. (1978) Mind models: An overview of current work. Mathematical Biosciences 39:159–85. [KMCa]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colby, K. M.; Faught, W. S. & Parkison, R. C. (1979) Cognitive therapy of paranoid conditions: Heuristic suggestions based on a computer simulation model. Cognitive Therapy and Research 3:55–60. [KMCa]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colby, K. M.; Hilf, F. D.; Weber, S. & Kraemer, H. (1972) Turing-like indistinguishability tests for the validation of a computer simulation of paranoid processes. Artificial Intelligence 3:199–221. [KMCa, JRM, RR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colby, K. M. & Spar, J. E. (1981, forthcoming) The core problem in psychiatry: Diagnostic taxonomy. [KMCar]Google Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1969) Content and consciousness. New York: Humanities Press. [KMCa, KG]Google Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1972) Reply to Arbib and Gunderson. Journal of Philosophy (reprinted in Dennett 1978). [KG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1978) Brainstorms. Montgomery, Vt.: Bradford Books. [KMCa, KG]Google Scholar
Descartes, R. (1637) Discourse on method. The philosophical works of Descartes, vol. 1, trans. Haldone, E. & Ross, R. T.. New York; Elsevier 1955. [KMCa, KG]Google Scholar
DSM-III (1980) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed.Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. [KMCr, PAM, VT]Google Scholar
Faught, W. S. (1978) Motivation and intentionality in a computer simulation model of paranoia. Basel: Birhauser Verlag. [KMCa, PAM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fodor, J. A. (1968) Psychological explanation: An introduction to the philosophy of psychology. New York: Random House. [KMCa]Google Scholar
Fodor, J. A. (1975) The language of thought. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell. [KMCa]Google Scholar
Freedle, R. O. (1972) Language users as fallible information processors. In: Language comprehension and the acquisition of knowledge, ed. Freedle, R. O. & Carroll, G. B.. Washington, D.C: V. H. Winston. [KMCa]Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1922) Some neurotic mechanisms in jealousy, paranoia and homosexuality. Standard Edition 18:223–34. London: Hogarth Press. [VT]Google Scholar
Fried, Y. & Agassi, J. (1976) Paranoia: A study in diagnosis. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 50. Dordrecht and Boston Reidel. [JA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goffman, E. (1959) The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Doubleday Anchor. [JA]Google Scholar
Grice, H. P. (1975) Logic and conversation. In: Syntax and semantics, vol. 3, ed. Cole, P. & Morgan, J.. New York: Academic Press. [KMCa, RR]Google Scholar
Griffith, J. D.; Cavanaugh, J.; Held, J. & Oates, J. A. (1972) Dextroamphetamine: Evaluation of psychomimetic properties in man. Archives of General Psychiatry 26:97–100. [DWS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grzegorczyk, A. (1961) Zarys Logiki Matematycznej (in Polish) (An outline of mathematical logic). Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. [VP]Google Scholar
Gunderson, K. (1964) The imitation game. Mind 73:234–45. [KG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunderson, K. (1970) Asymmetries and mind-body perplexities. In: Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. 4, ed. Radner, M. & Winokur, S., pp. 273–309. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. [KG]Google Scholar
Gunderson, K. (1971) Mentality and machines. New York: Doubleday and Company. A revised and expanded edition of this book is forthcoming from University of Minnesota Press in 1982. [KMCar, KG]Google Scholar
Gunderson, K. (1972) Content and consciousness and the mind-body problem. Journal of Philosophy 69:591–604. [KG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunderson, K. (1974) The Texture of Mentality. In: Wisdom - Twelve essays, ed. Bambrough, R., pp. 173–95. Oxford: Blackwell. [KG]Google Scholar
Hantler, S. & Kochen, M. (1973) ASP: A program using stored hypotheses to select actions. Journal of Cybernetics 3:1–12. [MK]Google Scholar
Harre, R. (1970) The principles of scientific thinking. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [KMCa]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harre, R. (1977) Science as representation. Philosophy of Science 44:146–58. [KMCa]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harre, R. & Secord, P. F. (1972) The explanation of social behavior. Oxford: Blackwell. [KMCa]Google Scholar
Harris, Z. S. (1962) String analysis of sentence structure. New York: Mouton and Co. [KMCa]Google Scholar
Hayes-Roth, P.; Fox, M.; Gill, G. & Mostow, D. J. (1976) Semantics and pragmatics in the Hearsay II speech understanding system. In: Speech understanding systems: Summary of results of the five-year research effort, ed. Reddy, R.. Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University. [KMCa]Google Scholar
Heiser, J. F.; Colby, K. M.; Faught, W. S. & Parkison, R. C. (1980). Can psychiatrists distinguish a computer simulation of paranoia from the real thing? The limitations of Turing-like tests as measures of the adequacy of simulation. Journal of Psychiatric Research 15:149–62. [KMCar]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hendrix, G. G. (1977) The LIFER manual: A guide to building practical natural language interfaces. Stanford Research Institute AI Center, Technical note 138. [KMCar]Google Scholar
Hendrix, G. G., Sacerdoti, E. D. & Slocum, J. (1976) Developing a natural language interface to complex data. Tech. report Artificial Intelligence Center, SRI International. [JGC]Google Scholar
Hilf, F. D. (1972) Non non-verbal communication and psychiatric research. Archives of General Psychiatry 27:631–35. [KMCa]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hofstadter, D. R. (1979) Gödel, Escher, Bach: An eternal golden braid. New York: Basic Books. [KMCar, VT]Google Scholar
Hofstadter, D. R. (1981) A coffeehouse conversation on the Turing test to determine if a machine can think. Scientific American, 244:15–36. [KMCr]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holly, W. J. (1975) Program-resistant aspects of knowing-that and knowing-how. Doctoral dissertation, University of California at Irvine. [KG]Google Scholar
Izard, C. E. (1971) The face of emotion. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. [CEI]Google Scholar
Izard, C. E. (1972) Patterns of emotions: A new analysis of anxiety and depression. New York: Academic Press. [CEI]Google Scholar
Izard, C. E. (1977) Human emotions. New York: Plenum Press. [CEI]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaplan, R. (1973) A general syntactic processor. In: Natural language processing, ed. Rustin, R.. New York: Algorithmic Press. [KMCa]Google Scholar
Kay, M. (1973) The mind system. In: Natural language processing, ed. Rustin, R.. New York: Algorithmic Press. [KMCa]Google Scholar
Kendler, K. S. (1980) The nosologic validity of paranoia (simple delusional disorder). Archives of General Psychiatry 37:699–706. [KCR, PAM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kochen, M. (1960a) Cognitive mechanism. IBM Report, RAP 16. [MK]Google Scholar
Kochen, M. (1960b) Experimental study of hypothesis formation by computer. In: Information theory, ed. Cherry, C.. London: Butterworth. [MK]Google Scholar
Kochen, M. (1962) Adaptive mechanisms in digital concept-processing. In: Discrete adaptive processes: Proceedings of the Joint Automatic Control Conference, American Institute of Electrical Engineers. [MK]Google Scholar
Kochen, M. (1971) Cognitive learning processes: An explication. In: Artificial intelligence and heuristic programming, ed. Findler, N. V. & Meltzer, B.. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. [MK]Google Scholar
Kochen, M. (1974) Representations and algorithms for cognitive learning. Artificial Intelligence 5:199–216. [MK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kochen, M. & Galanter, E. (1958) The acquisition and utilization of information in problem-solving and thinking. Information and Control 1:267–88. [MK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kochen, M.; MacKay, D. M.; Moran, M. E.; Scriven, M. & Uhr, L. (1967) Computers and comprehension. RAND memorandum, RM-4065-PR. In: The growth of knowledge, ed. Kochen, M.. New York: Wiley. [MK]Google Scholar
Kochen, M. & Stark, J. (1978) Representation and formation of hypotheses in learning programs. Proceedings of the International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, pp. 69–74. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Tokyo. [MK]Google Scholar
Kuhn, T. S. (1977) The essential tension: Selected studies in scientific tradition and change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [JGC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarus, R. S. (1966) Psychological stress and the coping process. New York: McGraw-Hill. [JA]Google Scholar
Leatherdale, W. H. (1974) The role of analogy, model and metaphor in science. New York: Elsevier. [KMCa]Google Scholar
McCorduck, P. (1979) Machines who think. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. [RR]Google Scholar
Magaro, P. A. (1980) Cognition in schizophrenia and paranoia: The integration of cognitive processes. Hillsdale, N. J.: Erlbaum. [PAM]Google Scholar
Malcolm, J. (1980) The impossible profession, part 2. New Yorker 41:54–152 (12 1). [VT]Google Scholar
Meehan, J.R. (1976) The metanovel: Writing stories by computer. Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University. [JGC]Google Scholar
Miller, G. A. & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1976) Language and perception. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. [KMCa]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, J. R. & Kintsch, W. (1980) Readability and recall of short passages: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology 6:335–54. [JRM]Google Scholar
Minsky, M. (1963) Steps towards artificial intelligence. In: Computers and thought, ed. Feigenbaum, E. & Feldman, J.. New York: McGraw-Hill. [KG]Google Scholar
Moor, J. H. (1976) An analysis of the Turing test. Philosophical Studies 30:249–57. [KMCar, JHM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moor, J. H. (1978) Three Myths of Computer Science. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 29:213–22. [JHM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, J. & Newell, A. (1973) How can MERLIN understand? In: Knowledge and cognition, ed. Gregg, L. W.. Erlbaum. [KMCa]Google Scholar
Nagel, T. (1979) Mortal questions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [KG]Google Scholar
Nash-Webber, B. L. (1977) Anaphora: A cross disciplinary survey. TR 31. Urbana, Ill.: The Center for the Study of Reading. [KMCa]Google Scholar
Newell, A. & Simon, H. A. (1972) Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. [KMCa]Google Scholar
Norman, D. A. (1980) Twelve issues for cognitive science. In: Perspectives on cognitive science: Talks from the Lajolla conference, ed. Norman, D. A.. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. [CEI]Google Scholar
Panofsky, E. (1954) Galileo as a critic of the arts. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. [KMCa]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parkison, R. C. (1980) An effective computational approach to the comprehension of purposeful English dialogue. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University. [KMCa, PAM]Google Scholar
Pinkava, V. Z. J. (1980) ENIGMA: A computer program you can talk to. Unpublished 3rd year undergraduate project, Oxford University. [VP]Google Scholar
Platt, J. R. (1964) Strong inference. Science 146:347–53. [RL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Potkin, S. G.; Karoum, F.; Chuang, L.-W.; Cannon-Spoor, H. E.; Phillips, I.; and Wyatt, R. J. (1979) Phenylethylamine in paranoid chronic schizophrenia. Science 206:470–71. [DWS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pylyshyn, Z. (1980) Computation and cognition: Issues in the foundations of cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:111–69. [KMCa]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rescher, N. (1970) Scientific explanation. New York: Free Press. [KMCa]Google Scholar
Retterstol, N. (1966) Paranoid and paranoiac psychoses. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas. [KMCr]Google Scholar
Riesbeck, C. & Schank, R.C. (1976) Comprehension by computer: Expectation-based analysis of sentences in context. Tech. report 78, Computer Science Department, Yale University. [JGC]Google Scholar
Rosehan, D. L. (1973) On being sane in insane places. Science 179:250–58. [JA, BAM, DWS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosehan, D. L. (1975) The contextual nature of psychiatric Diagnosis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 84:462–74. [JA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryle, G. (1949). Concept of mind. New York: Barnes and Nobel Books. [KG]Google Scholar
Schank, R. C. (1975) Conceptual information processing. Amsterdam: North-Holland. [JGC]Google Scholar
Schank, R. C. & Abelson, R. P. (1977) Scripts, plans, goals and understanding. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. [KMCa, JRM]Google Scholar
Schank, R. C. & Colby, K. M., eds. (1973) Computer models of thought and language. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. [KMCa]Google Scholar
Searle, J. R. (1980) Minds, brains, and programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:417–57. [RPA, KMCa, RL, JRM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, H. (1969) Motivational and emotional controls of cognition. Psychological Review 74:29–39. [KMCar, KG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, H. (1980) Cognitive science: The newest science of the artificial. Cognitive Science 4:33–46. [KMCa]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sloman, A. (1978) The computer revolution in philosophy: Philosophy, science and models of mind. Atlantic Highlands, N. J.: Humanities Press. [KMCa]Google Scholar
Sloman, A. (1981) Why robots will have emotions. Paper presented at the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vancouver, Canada, 08, 1981. [RPA, JGC]Google Scholar
Spitzer, R. L.; Forman, Y. B. W. & Nee, J. (1979) DSM-III field trials: I. Initial interrater diagnostic reliability. American Journal of Psychiatry 136:815–17. [KMCa]Google ScholarPubMed
Swanson, D. W.; Bohnert, P. J. & Smith, J. A. (1970) The paranoid. Boston: Little, Brown. [KMCa]Google Scholar
Szasz, T. S. (1961) The myth of mental illness. New York: Hoeber-Harper. [JA]Google Scholar
Szasz, T. S. (1970) The manufacture of madness. New York: Harper. [JA]Google Scholar
Tomkins, S. S. (1962) Affect, imagery, consciousness. Vol. 1, The positive affects. New York: Springer. [CEI]Google Scholar
Tomkins, S. S. (1963) Affect, imagery, consciousness. Vol. 2. The negative affects. New York: Springer. [KMCar, CEI]Google Scholar
Turing, A. (1950) Computing machinery and intelligence. In: Computers and thought, ed. Feigenbaum, E. A. & Feldman, J.. New York: McGraw-Hill. [KMCa, KG, RR]Google Scholar
Vigotsky, L. S. (1962) Thought and language. New York: Wiley. [JA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, H. (1960) Toward mechanical mathematics. IBM Journal of Research and Development as cited by Minsky, M. (1963) Steps toward artificial intelligence. In: Computers and thought, ed. E. A. Feigenbaum & J. Feldman. McGraw-Hill. [KG]Google Scholar
Weizenbaum, J. (1976) Computer power and human reason. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. [JA, JRM]Google Scholar
Wilks, Y. (1973) Preference semantics. Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Memo AIM 206. [KMCa]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winograd, T. (1972) Understanding natural language. New York: Academic Press. [KMCa]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woods, W., Kaplan, R. & Nash-Webber, B. (1972) The lunar sciences natural language information system: Final report. Tech. report 2378, Bolt Beranek and Newman Report. [JGC]Google Scholar
Zajonc, R. B. (1980) Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist 35:151–75. [CEI]CrossRefGoogle Scholar