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Do Non-Reflective Thinkers Apply Extreme Personal Meanings to their Activated Moods?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2017

Alyson L. Dodd Open the ORCID record for Alyson L. Dodd [Opens in a new window]  and
Matthew Haigh
Alyson L. Dodd*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
Matthew Haigh
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
*
*Correspondence to: Alyson L. Dodd, Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Northumberland Building 151, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK. E-mail: alyson.dodd@northumbria.ac.uk
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Abstract

Background: The integrative cognitive model of mood swings proposes that mood symptoms are driven by extreme, self-referent appraisals. For example, if activated mood is appraised positively, this prompts selection of mood regulation strategies that act to up-regulate mood. Appraisals are driven by fast and automatic Type 1 cognitive processes, which, left unchecked, can cause activated mood to escalate. Aims: It was hypothesized that greater propensity to override these automatic processes by engaging in reflective (Type 2) thinking would be negatively associated with extreme appraisals of activation and activation. Method: Study 1 (n = 150) was a cross-sectional survey consisting of measures of activation, extreme appraisals, and an objective performance-based measure of the propensity to engage in reflective thought (cognitive reflection test; CRT). In Study 2 (n = 241) participants completed these measures plus three alternative measures of effortful cognitive engagement (CRT-2, Need for Cognition and Actively Open-Minded Thinking). Results: In Study 1, propensity to engage in reflective thought (higher CRT scores) was not significantly associated with activated mood or extreme appraisals, but activated mood and extreme appraisals were positively correlated. In study 2, the association between activation and extreme appraisals was replicated. Predicted associations between alternative measures of reflective thinking, activated mood, and extreme appraisals were not found. Conclusions: Extreme appraisals of internal states may be a psychological mechanism underlying activated mood. Propensity to reflect on and override default cognitions was unrelated to these extreme appraisals and activated mood. Further research in a clinical sample using mood-relevant measures of reflective thinking is warranted.

Keywords

Hypomaniacontinuumdual process theorycognitive reflection testappraisalsinformation processing
Type
Research Article
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 45 , Issue 5 , September 2017 , pp. 483 - 496
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2017 

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