Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T08:12:28.046Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evaluation of a non-diagnostic ‘Psychology of Emotions’ group intervention within a UK youth IAPT service: a mixed-methods approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 June 2019

Lawrence Howells ,
Alice Rose ,
Brioney Gee ,
Tim Clarke ,
Ben Carroll ,
Sam Harbrow ,
Clio Oliver  and
Jon Wilson
Lawrence Howells*
Affiliation:
Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Alice Rose
Affiliation:
University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Brioney Gee
Affiliation:
Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Tim Clarke
Affiliation:
Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Ben Carroll
Affiliation:
Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Sam Harbrow
Affiliation:
Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Clio Oliver
Affiliation:
Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Jon Wilson
Affiliation:
Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
*
*Corresponding author. Email: lawrence.howells@nsft.nhs.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background:

A novel CBT-based intervention, tailored for young people, was developed in response to concerns about traditional diagnostically based approaches. Psychology of Emotions workshops use a normative approach to emotional difficulty instead of a diagnostic framework.

Aims:

To evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of Psychology of Emotions workshops within an IAPT service for young people aged 16–25 years.

Method:

This was a mixed-methods study, evaluating routinely collected self-report measures of depression and anxiety, and qualitative feedback forms. The main outcomes were rates of attendance, change in symptom severity, and participant views of the intervention.

Results:

From January to September 2016, 595 young people were invited to attend the Psychology of Emotions workshops, of whom 350 (58.8%) attended at least one session. Young people who attended all six sessions (8.1%) experienced significant reductions in self-reported anxiety (d = .72) and depression (d = .58) and 35.5% were classified as recovered at completion. Those who attended at least two sessions (41.3%) reported smaller but significant improvements in anxiety (d = .42) and depression (d = .45); 22.0% were classified as recovered at the last session attended. Participants provided largely positive feedback about the intervention.

Conclusion:

Psychology of Emotions is a promising treatment option, delivered outside of a diagnostic framework, for young people with mild to moderate mental health difficulties seen within IAPT services. Better understanding reasons for non-attendance might enable the intervention to be made accessible to more young people.

Keywords

adolescentsmental healthpsycho-educationtrans-diagnosticyouth
Type
Main
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 48 , Issue 2 , March 2020 , pp. 129 - 141
Copyright
© British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allgaier, A.-K., Pietsch, K., Frühe, B., Sigl-Glöckner, J., & Schulte-Körne, G. (2012). Screening for depression in adolescents: validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire in pediatric care. Depression and Anxiety, 29, 906–913. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.21971 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Baruch, G., Vrouva, I., & Fearon, P. (2009). A follow-up study of characteristics of young people that dropout and continue psychotherapy: service implications for a clinic in the community. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 14, 69–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bilek, E. L., & Ehrenreich-May, J. (2012). An open trial investigation of a transdiagnostic group treatment for children with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Behavior Therapy, 43, 887–897.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, D. M., Layard, R., Smithies, R., Richards, D. A., Suckling, R., & Wright, B. (2009). Improving access to psychological therapy: Initial evaluation of two UK demonstration sites. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 910–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.07.010 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, R., Notley, C., Clarke, T., Wilson, J., & Fowler, D. (2017). Participation in developing youth mental health services: ‘Cinderella service’ to service re-design. Journal of Public Mental Health, 16, 159–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowe, K., & McKay, D. (2017). Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for childhood anxiety and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 49, 76–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Department of Health (2008). Improving Access to Psychological Therapies Implementation Plan: National Guidelines for Regional Delivery. London. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp09X454043 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Department of Health (2010). Mental Health Clustering Booklet 2010/11.Google Scholar
Department of Health (2011). Talking Therapies: A Four-Year Plan of Action. Available at: http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_123759 Google Scholar
Gale, N. K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S., & Redwood, S. (2013). Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 13, 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-13-117 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilbody, S., Richards, D., Brealey, S., & Hewitt, C. (2007). Screening for depression in medical settings with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ): a diagnostic meta-analysis. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22, 1596–1602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harvey, A. G., Watkins, E., & Mansell, W. (2004). Cognitive Behavioural Processes Across Psychological Disorders: A Transdiagnostic Approach to Research and Treatment. USA: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofmann, S.G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I.J., Sawyer, A.T., & Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36, 427–440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Howells, L. (2018). CBT for Adolescents and Young Adults: An Emotion Regulation Approach. London, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Huntley, A. L., Araya, R., & Salisbury, C. (2012). Group psychological therapies for depression in the community: systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200, 184–190. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.092049 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
IBM (2013). SPSS Statistics for Windows.Google Scholar
Kingsbury, S., Rayment, B., Fleming, I., Thompson, P., & York, A. (2015). ‘Delivering With and Delivering Well’: CYP IAPT Principles in Child & Adolescent Mental Health Services. Available at: https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/delvr-with-delvrng-well.pdf Google Scholar
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001). The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16, 606–13. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2010). The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: a systematic review. General Hospital Psychiatry, 32, 345–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Löwe, B., Decker, O., Müller, S., Brähler, E., Schellberg, D., Herzog, W., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2008). Validation and standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the general population. Medical Care, 46, 266–274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGorry, P. D., Purcell, R., Hickie, I. B., Yung, A. R., Pantelis, C., & Jackson, H. J. (2007). Clinical staging: a heuristic model for psychiatry and youth mental health. Medical Journal of Australia, 187, S40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McManus, S., Bebbington, P., Jenkins, R., & Brugha, T. (2016). Mental Health and Wellbeing in England: Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2014.Google Scholar
Mossman, S. A., Luft, M. J., Schroeder, H. K., Varney, S. T., Fleck, D. E., Barzman, D. H., … & Strawn, J. R. (2017). The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder: signal detection and validation. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 29, 227–234A.Google Scholar
Newbold, A., Hardy, G., & Byng, R. (2013). Staff and patient experience of improving access to psychological therapy group interventions for anxiety and depression. Journal of Mental Health, 22, 456–464. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2013.815333 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newby, J. M., McKinnon, A., Kuyken, W., Gilbody, S., & Dalgleish, T. (2015). Systematic review and meta-analysis of transdiagnostic psychological treatments for anxiety and depressive disorders in adulthood. Clinical Psychology Review, 40, 91–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.06.002 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NHS Digital (2017). Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) Statistical Release. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/610567/iapt-month-jan-2017-exec-sum.pdf Google Scholar
Norton, P. J., & Barrera, T. L. (2012). Transdiagnostic versus diagnosis-specific CBT for anxiety disorders: a preliminary randomized controlled noninferiority trial. Depression and Anxiety, 29, 874–882.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patel, V., Flisher, A. J., Hetrick, S., & McGorry, P. (2007). Mental health of young people: a global public-health challenge. The Lancet, 369, 1302–1313.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plaistow, J., Masson, K., Koch, D., Wilson, J., Stark, R. M., Jones, P. B., & Lennox, B. R. (2013). Young people’s views of UK mental health services. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 8, 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.12060 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richardson, L. P., McCauley, E., Grossman, D. C., McCarty, C. A., Richards, J., Russo, J. E., … & Katon, W. (2010). Evaluation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item for detecting major depression among adolescents. Pediatrics, 126, 1117–1123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166, 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whitfield, G. (2010). Group cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 16, 219–227. https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.108.005744 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, J., Clarke, T., Lower, R., Ugochukwu, U., Maxwell, S., Hodgekins, J., … & Fowler, D. (2017). Creating an innovative youth mental health service in the United Kingdom: The Norfolk Youth Service. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 12, 740–746. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.12452 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.