Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T04:57:16.032Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Relationship Between Challenging Behaviour, Cognitions and Stress in Mothers of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 June 2016

John Rose ,
Lisa Nelson  and
Rebecca Hardiman
John Rose*
Affiliation:
University of Birmingham, UK
Lisa Nelson
Affiliation:
University of Birmingham, UK
Rebecca Hardiman
Affiliation:
University of Kent, UK
*
Correspondence to John Rose, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. E-mail: j.l.rose@bham.ac.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background: Cognitions are starting to receive more prominence as important when examining a number of factors including the topography of challenging behaviour. This study examined the relationships between maternal stress, challenging behaviour (aggressive and self-injurious behaviours) and parental cognitions and specifically whether maternal cognitions mediated the effect of challenging behaviour on parenting stress. Method: 46 mothers of children and young adults with ID completed questionnaires regarding their child's challenging behaviour, maternal cognitions and stress. Results: Significant correlations were found between challenging behaviour and maternal stress. The overall mediation models for aggression and self-injurious behaviour were significant. The Challenging Behaviour Perception Questionnaire: Consequences client subscale was the only independent significant mediator for both behaviours. Conclusions: Cognitions do play an important part in mediating the relationship between challenging behaviour and stress. Further research is needed to examine the similarities and differences between the mediation models for aggression and self-injurious behaviour.

Keywords

Challenging behaviourcognitionmothersstressintellectual disability
Type
Research Article
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 44 , Issue 6 , November 2016 , pp. 691 - 704
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting Stress Index (3rd ed.). Florida: PAR Inc.Google Scholar
Adèr, H. J., Mellenbergh, G. J. and Hand, D. J. (2008). Advising on Research Methods: a consultant's companion. Huizen, The Netherlands: Johannes van Kessel Publishing.Google Scholar
Bailey, B. A., Hare, D. J., Hatton, C. and Limb, K. (2006). The response to challenging behaviour by care staff: emotional responses, attributions of cause and observations of practice. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50, 199–211.Google Scholar
Baker, B. L., Blacher, J., Crnic, K. A. and Edelbrock, C. (2002). Behavior problems and parenting stress in families of three-year-old children with and without developmental delays. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 107, 433–444.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, B. L., Blacher, J. and Olsson, M. B. (2005). Preschool children with and without developmental delay: behaviour problems, parents’ optimism and well-being. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49, 575–590.Google Scholar
Dilworth, J. A., Phillips, N. and Rose, J. (2011). Factors relating to staff attributions of control over challenging behaviour. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 24, 29–38.Google Scholar
Drysdale, E. E., Jahoda, A. and Campbell, E. (2009). Investigating spontaneous attributions in mothers of individuals with ID and self-injurious behaviour. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 37, 197–206.Google Scholar
Feldman, M., McDonald, L., Serbin, L., Stack, D., Secco, M. L. and Yu, C. T. (2007). Predictors of depressive symptoms in primary caregivers of young children with or at risk for developmental delay. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51, 606–619.Google Scholar
Fritz, M. S. and MacKinnon, D. P. (2007). Required sample size to detect the mediated effect. Psychological Science, 18, 233–239.Google Scholar
Hassall, R., Rose, J. and McDonald, J. (2005). Parenting stress in mothers of children with an intellectual disability: the effects of parental cognitions in relation to child characteristics and family support. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49, 405–418.Google Scholar
Hastings, R. P. (2002). Parental stress and behaviour problems of children with developmental disability. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 27, 149–160.Google Scholar
Hastings, R. P. and Brown, A. (2002). Behavior problems of children with autism, parental self-efficacy and mental health. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 107, 222–232.Google Scholar
Hastings, R. P. and Taunt, H. M. (2002). Positive perceptions in families of children with developmental disabilities. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 107, 116–127.Google Scholar
Hill, C. and Rose, J. (2009). Parenting stress in mothers of adults with an intellectual disability: parental cognitions in relation to child characteristics and family support. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53, 969–980.Google Scholar
Hill, C. and Rose, J. (2010) Parenting stress models and their application to parents of adults with intellectual disabilities. The British Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 56, 19–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnston, C. and Mash, E. J. (1989). A measure of parenting satisfaction and efficacy. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 18, 167–175.Google Scholar
Kersh, J., Hedvat, T. T., Hauser-Cram, P. and Warfield, M. E. (2006). The contribution of marital quality to the well-being of parents of children with developmental disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50, 883–893.Google Scholar
Kuschlick, A., Blunden, R. and Cox, G. (1973). A method of rating behaviour characteristics for use in large scale surveys of mental handicap. Psychological Medicine, 3, 466–478.Google Scholar
Lawton, M. P., Moss, M., Kleban, M. H., Glicksman, A. and Rovine, M. (1991). A two factor model of care-giving appraisal and psychological well-being. Journal of Gerontology, 46, 181–189.Google Scholar
Lazarus, R. S. and Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal and Coping. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Lecavalier, L., Leone, S. and Wiltz, J. (2006). The impact of behaviour problems on caregiver stress in young people with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50, 172–183.Google Scholar
Leventhal, H., Diefenbach, M. and Leventhal, E. (1992). Illness cognition: using common sense to understand treatment adherence and affect cognition interactions. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 143–163.Google Scholar
Leventhal, H., Nerenz, D. R. and Steel, D. J. (1984). Illness representations and coping with health threats. In Baum, A., Taylor, S. E. and Singer, J. E. (Eds.), Handbook of Psychology and Health, vol. 4 (pp. 219–252). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Lloyd, T. and Hastings, R. P. (2009a). Parental locus of control and psychological well-being in mothers of children with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 34, 104–115.Google Scholar
Lloyd, T. J. and Hastings, R. (2009b). Hope as a psychological resilience factor in mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53, 957–968.Google Scholar
MacDonald, E. E., Hastings, R. P. and Fitzsimons, E. (2010). Psychological acceptance mediates the impact of the behaviour problems of children with intellectual disability on fathers’ psychological adjustment. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 23, 27–37.Google Scholar
McCubbin, H. I. and Patterson, J. M. (1983). The family stress process: the double ABCX model of adjustment and adaptation. In McCubbin, H. I., Sussman, M. B. and Patterson, J. M. (Eds.), Social Stress and the Family: advances and developments in family stress theory and research. New York: The Haworth Press.Google Scholar
Norizan, A. and Shamsuddin, K. (2010). Predictors of parenting stress among Malaysian mothers of children with Down syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54, 992–1003.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orsmond, G. I., Seltzer, M. M., Krauss, M. W. and Hong, J. (2003). Behavior problems in adults with mental retardation and maternal wellbeing: examination of the direction of effects. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 108, 257–271.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palmer, J. and Jenkins, J. (1982). The ‘Wessex’ behaviour rating system for mentally handicapped people: reliability study. British Journal of Mental Subnormality, 28, 88–96.Google Scholar
Preacher, K. J. and Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behaviour Research Methods Instruments and Computers, 36, 717–731.Google Scholar
Preacher, K. J. and Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891.Google Scholar
Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D. and Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42, 185–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rojahn, J., Matson, J. L., Lott, D., Esbensen, A. J. and Smalls, Y. (2001). The Behavior Problems Inventory: an instrument for the assessment of self-injury, stereotyped behavior, and aggression/destruction in individuals with developmental disabilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31, 577–588.Google Scholar
Rose, J. and Nelson, L. (in press). A preliminary exploration of the challenging behaviour perception questionnaire: a measure of parental cognitions about challenging behaviour. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability.Google Scholar
Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological Methodology, 12, 290–312.Google Scholar
Stanley, B. and Standen, P. J. (2000). Carers’ attributions for challenging behaviour. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39, 157–168.Google Scholar
Williams, R. J. and Rose, J. L. (2007). The development of a questionnaire to assess the perceptions of care staff towards people with intellectual disabilities who display challenging behaviour. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 11, 197–211.Google Scholar
Woodman, A. C. and Hauser-Cram, P. (2013). The role of coping strategies in predicting change in parenting efficacy and depressive symptoms among mothers of adolescents with developmental disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 57, 513–530.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.