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Pursuit of ‘sustainable’ development may contribute to the vulture crisis in East Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2021

STEFFEN OPPEL Open the ORCID record for STEFFEN OPPEL [Opens in a new window] ,
ALAZAR DAKA RUFFO ,
SAMUEL BAKARI ,
MILLION TESFAYE ,
SOLOMON MENGISTU ,
MENGISTU WONDAFRASH ,
AHMED ENDRIS ,
CLOÉ POURCHIER ,
ALEX NGARI  and
VOLEN ARKUMAREV
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STEFFEN OPPEL*
Affiliation:
RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK.
ALAZAR DAKA RUFFO
Affiliation:
Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society, PO Box 13303, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Addis Ababa University, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Zoological Sciences, P.O.Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
SAMUEL BAKARI
Affiliation:
BirdLife International, Africa Partnership Secretariat, Westcom Point Building, Mahiga Mairu Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya.
MILLION TESFAYE
Affiliation:
Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society, PO Box 13303, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
SOLOMON MENGISTU
Affiliation:
Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society, PO Box 13303, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Dilla University, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, P.O.Box 419, Dilla, Ethiopia.
MENGISTU WONDAFRASH
Affiliation:
Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society, PO Box 13303, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
AHMED ENDRIS
Affiliation:
Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, P.O.Box 386, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
CLOÉ POURCHIER
Affiliation:
Sahara Conservation Fund, BP 981, Niamey, Niger.
ALEX NGARI
Affiliation:
BirdLife International, Africa Partnership Secretariat, Westcom Point Building, Mahiga Mairu Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya.
VOLEN ARKUMAREV
Affiliation:
Bulgarian Society for Protection of Birds / BirdLife Bulgaria, Yavorov complex, bl. 71, vh. 4, PO box 50, 1111 Sofia, Bulgaria.
STOYAN C. NIKOLOV
Affiliation:
Bulgarian Society for Protection of Birds / BirdLife Bulgaria, Yavorov complex, bl. 71, vh. 4, PO box 50, 1111 Sofia, Bulgaria.
*
*Author for correspondence; email: steffen.oppel@rspb.org.uk
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Summary

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals aim to improve livelihoods and maintain functioning ecosystems, and include the provision of electricity and the prevention of desertification. We show that the pursuit of those two goals can lead to developments that put critical ecosystem functions at risk. Vultures are scavengers that provide sanitary ecosystem services, but their populations across Africa are declining due to poisoning, electrocution, and collision with power infrastructure. The extent to which the pursuit of sustainable development threatens vultures in Africa is unclear. We surveyed 227 km of powerlines in Ethiopia, which revealed bird mortality (0.15 vulture carcasses / km) at power infrastructure constructed under a National Electrification Programme to provide universal electricity access by 2025. We also interviewed 190 local pastoralists in 10 areas about livelihood challenges, which revealed that the bush Prosopis juliflora, which was originally introduced to prevent desertification but then invaded north-eastern Ethiopia, increased livestock predation and motivated the use of poison to control predators. Actions to increase universal access to electricity and to reduce desertification therefore have undesired side-effects that increase vulture mortality through electrocution and poisoning. To avoid negatively affecting local vulture populations and the services they provide, we urge governments to use infrastructure designs that minimise the risk of electrocution and assist pastoralists to protect their livestock and reduce the risk of poisoning to vultures and other wildlife.

Keywords

electrocutioncollisiondesertificationpoisoninghuman-wildlife conflictEthiopia
Type
Research Article
Information
Bird Conservation International , Volume 32 , Issue 2 , June 2022 , pp. 173 - 187
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of BirdLife International

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