Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T10:31:54.499Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The experience of close personal relationships after stroke: scoping review and thematic analysis of qualitative literature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 August 2021

Amy Ford ,
Jacinta Douglas Open the ORCID record for Jacinta Douglas [Opens in a new window]  and
Robyn O’Halloran
Amy Ford*
Affiliation:
School of Allied Health Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia Speech Pathology Department, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
Jacinta Douglas
Affiliation:
School of Allied Health Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia Summer Foundation, Box Hill, Melbourne, Australia Living with Disability Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
Robyn O’Halloran
Affiliation:
School of Allied Health Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia NHMRC Centre for Aphasia Recovery and Rehabilitation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
*
*Corresponding author. Email: 3533872@students.latrobe.edu.au
Get access

Abstract

Background and Purpose:

Psychosocial difficulties, including changed relationships are among the most pervasive and concerning issues following stroke. This study aimed to collate and thematically analyse qualitative literature describing the experience of close personal relationships from the perspective of stroke survivors.

Method:

Using a scoping review methodology, four databases (CINAHL/EBSCO, MEDLINE/Pubmed, Embase, Psychinfo) were systematically searched, yielding 3100 citations. Following exclusion of duplicates and screening against inclusion criteria at title/abstract and full text levels, 53 articles were included in the review. Data were charted and thematically analysed.

Results:

While research has increased since 2000, longitudinal designs are few. Four overarching themes and 12 subthemes were identified. ‘Social disruption’ described changing social worlds, lost social opportunities and shrinking networks. ‘Changed relationships’ included changed family and spousal relationships and changed parenting relationships. The third theme ‘relationships help’ highlighted positive aspects including belonging, support and a life worth living. The final theme was ‘coping with an altered social world’ and described adjustment and emotional responses.

Conclusions:

Relationships are an important aspect of life post stroke but are subject to changes and challenges. This article brings together a breadth of qualitative data to describe lived experiences. Further research, in particular, longitudinal research is required.

Keywords

Familyfriendsmarriageinterpersonal relationsfamily relationsstroke
Type
Review
Information
Brain Impairment , Volume 23 , Issue 3 , December 2022 , pp. 231 - 261
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Australasian Society for the Study of Brain Impairment

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Achten, D., Visser-Meily, J. M. A., Post, M. W. M., & Schepers, V. P. M. (2012). Life satisfaction of couples 3 years after stroke. Disability and Rehabilitation, 34(17), 1468–1472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adams, H. L. (2015). Insights into processes of posttraumatic growth through narrative analysis of chronic illness stories. Qualitative Psychology, 2(2), 111–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amieva, H., Stoykova, R., Matharan, F., Helmer, C., Antonucci, T. X., & Dartigues, J. F. (2010). What aspects of social network are protective for dementia? Not the quantity but the quality of social interactions is protective up to 15 years later. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72(9), 905–911.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amosun, S. L., Nyante, G. G., & Wiredu, E. K. (2013). Perceived and experienced restrictions in participation and autonomy among adult survivors of stroke in Ghana. African Health Sciences, 13(1), 24–31.Google ScholarPubMed
Anderson, S., & Whitfield, K. (2013). Social identity and stroke: ‘They don’t make me feel like, there’s something wrong with me’. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 27(4), 820–830.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, S., Keating, N., & Wilson, D. (2017). Reconciling Marriage and Care after Stroke. Canadian Journal on Aging, 36(3), 386–401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, S., Keating, N., & Wilson, D. (2017b). Staying married after stroke: A constructivist grounded theory qualitative study. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 24(7), 479–487.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aneshensel, C. S., & Frerichs, R. R. (1982). Stress, support, and depression: A longitudinal causal model. Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 363–376.3.0.CO;2-8>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arksey, H., & O’Malley, L. (2005). Scoping Studies: Towards a Methodological Framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arntzen, C., Borg, T., & Hamran, T., (2015). Long-term recovery trajectory after stroke: An ongoing negotiation between body, participation and self. Disability and Rehabilitation: An International, Multidisciplinary Journal, 37(18), 1626–1634.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Banks, P., & Pearson, C. (2004). Parallel lives: Younger stroke survivors and their partners coping with crisis. Sexual & Relationship Therapy, 19(4), 413–429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrera, J. M. (1986). Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14(4), 413–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beal, C. C., & Millenbruch, J. (2015). A qualitative case study of poststroke sexuality in a woman of childbearing age. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 44(2), 228–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blake, H., & Lincoln, N. (2000). Factors associated with strain in co-resident spouses of patients following stroke. Clinical Rehabilitation, 14(3), 307–314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boden-Albala, B., Litwak, E., Elkind, M. S. V., Rundek, R., & Sacco, R. L. (2005). Social isolation and outcomes post stroke. Neurology, 64, 1888–1892.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bolger, N., Zuckermman, A., & Kessler, R. C. (2000). Invisible support and adjustment to stress. Journal of personality and social psychology, 79, 953–961.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2016). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589–597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunborg, B. and Ytrehus, S. (2014). Sense of well-being 10 years after stroke. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23(7–8), 1055–1063.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burton, C. R. (2000). Living with stroke: A phenomenological study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(2), 301–309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carlsson, G. E., Forsberg-Warleby, G., Moller, A., & Blomstrand, C. (2007). Comparison of life satisfaction within couples one year after a partner’s stroke. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 39(3), 219–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ch’ng, A. M., French, D., & McLean, N. (2008). Coping with the challenges of recovery from stroke: Long term perspectives of stroke support group members. Journal of Health Psychology, 13(8), 1136–1146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clare, L., Nellis, S. M., Whitaker, C. J., Martyr, A., Markova, I. S., Roth, I., … Morris, R. G. (2012). Marital Relationship Quality in Early-Stage Dementia. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 26, 148–158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, M. S., & Smith, D. S. (1999). Changes in family functioning for stroke rehabilitation patients and their families. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 22, 171–179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, P. C., Dunbar, S. B., Shields, C. G., Viswanathan, B., Aycock, D. M., & Wolf, S. L. (2004). Influence of stroke survivor characteristics and family conflict surrounding recovery on caregivers’ mental and physical health. Nursing Research, 53(6), 406–413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, S., & Janicki-Deverts, I. (2009). Can we improve our physical health by altering our social networks? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(4), 375–378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coppock, C., Ferguson, S., Green, A., & Winter, D. (2018). ’It’s nothing you could ever prepare anyone for’: The experiences of young people and their families following parental stroke. Brain Injury, 32(4), 474–486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Cruice, M., Worrall, L., & Hickson, L. (2006). Quantifying aphasic people’s social lives in the context of non-aphasic peers. Aphasiology, 20(12), 1210–1225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniel, K., Wolfe, C. D. A., Busch, M., & McKevitt, C. (2009). What are the social consequences of stroke for working-aged adults? A systematic review. Stroke, 40(6), e431–440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dikman, S., Machamer, J., Powell, J., & Temkin, N. (2003). Outcome 3 to 5 years after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 84, 1449–1457.Google Scholar
Douglas, J. (2019). Loss of friendship following traumatic brain injury: A model grounded in the experience of adults with severe injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2019.1574589 Google Scholar
Douglas, J. M., & Spellacy, F. J. (2000). Correlates of depression in adults with severe traumatic brain injury and their carers. Brain Injury, 14, 71–88.Google ScholarPubMed
Douglas, J. (2012). Social linkage, self-concept and well-being after severe traumatic brain injury. In Jetten, J., Haslam, C., & Haslam, S. A. (Eds.), The Social Cure: Identity, Health & Wellbeing (pp. 237–254). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Douglas, J. (2013). Conceptualising Self and Maintaining Social Connection following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Injury, 27(1): 60–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Draper, B. M., & Brocklehurst, H. (2007). The impact of stroke on the well-being of the patient’s spouse: An exploratory study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16(2), 264–271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, A. R., Daisley, A., & Newby, G. (2014). The experience of being a parent with an acquired brain injury (ABI) as an inpatient at a neuro-rehabilitation centre, 0-2 years post-injury. Brain Injury, 28, 13–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egbert, N., Koch, L., Coeling, H., & Ayers, D. (2006). The Role of Social Support in the Family and Community Integration of Right-Hemisphere Stroke Survivors. Health Communication, 20(1), 45–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eggenberger, S. K., Meiers, S. J., Krumwiede, N., Bliesmer, M., & Earle, P. (2011). Reintegration within families in the context of chronic illness: A family health promoting process. Journal of Healthcare and Chronic Illness, 3, 283–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekstam, L., Tham, K., & Borell, L. (2010). Couples’ approaches to changes in everyday life during the first year after stroke. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 18(1), 49–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Erikson, A., Park, M., & Tham, K. (2010). Belonging: A qualitative, longitudinal study of what matters for persons after stroke during the one year of rehabilitation. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 42(9), 831–838.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ford, A., Douglas, J., & O’Halloran, R. (2018). The experience of close personal relationships from the perspective of people with aphasia: Thematic analysis of the literature. Aphasiology, 32(4), 367–393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuller-Iglesias, H. R. (2015). Social ties and psychological well-being in late life: The mediating role of relationship satisfaction. Aging & Mental Health, 1, 1–10.Google Scholar
Gabriel, R., Figueiredo, D., Jacome, C., Cruz, J., & Marques, A. (2014). Day-to-day living with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Towards a family-based approach to illness impacts. Psychology & Health, 11, 1–30.Google Scholar
Glass, T. A., & Maddox, G. L. (1992). The quality and quantity of social support: Stroke recovery as psycho-social transition. Soc Sci Med, 34, 1249–1261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Green, T. L., & King, K. M. (2009). Experiences of male patients and wife-caregivers in the first year post-discharge following minor stroke: A descriptive qualitative study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46(9), 1194–1200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hackett, M. L., & Anderson, C.S. (2005) Predictors of depression after stroke: A systematic review of observational studies. Stroke, 36, 2296–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hackett, M. L., & Pickles, K. (2014). Part I: Frequency of depression after stroke: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. International Journal of Stroke, 9(8), 1017–1026.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harris, G. M., & Bettgert, J. P. (2018). Parenting after stroke: A systematic review. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 25(5), 384–392.Google ScholarPubMed
Haun, J., Rittman, M., & Sberna, M. (2008). The continuum of connectedness and social isolation during post stroke recovery. Journal of Aging Studies, 22(1), 54–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hilari, K. (2011). The impact of stroke: Are people with aphasia different to those without? Disability and Rehabilitation, 33(3), 211–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hilari, K., & Northcott, S. (2006). Social support in people with chronic aphasia. Aphasiology, 20(1), 17–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, L., & Morris, R. (2013). Experiences of adult stroke survivors and their parent carers: A qualitative study. Clinical Rehabilitation, 27(3), 272–280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jourdan, C., Bayen, E., Pradat-Diehl, P., Ghout, I., Darnoux, E., Azerad, S., … Azouvi, P. (2016). A comprehensive picture of 4-year outcome of severe brain injuries. Results from the Paris-TBI study. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 59(2), 100–106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
King, R. B., Shade-Zeldow, Y., Carlson, C. E., Feldman, J. L., & Philip, M. (2002). Adaptation to stroke: A longitudinal study of depressive symptoms, physical health, and coping process. Topics in stroke rehabilitation, 9, 46–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kitzmuller, G., Asplund, K., & Haggstrom, T. (2012). The long-term experience of family life after stroke. American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, 44(1), E1–E13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kitzmuller, G., Haggstrom, T., Asplund, K., & Gilje, F. (2012b). The existential meaning of couples’ long-term experience of living with stroke. Illness, Crisis, & Loss, 20(4), 339–362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kop, W. J., Berman, D. S., Gransar, H., Wong, N. D., Miranda-Peats, R., White, M. D, … Rozanski, A. (2005). Social network and coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic individuals. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67(3), 343–352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kouwenhoven, S. E., Kirkevold, M., Engedal, K., Biong, S., & Hesooks, K. (2011). The lived experiences of stroke survivors with early depressive symptoms: A longitudinal perspective. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 6(4), 1–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kruithof, W. J., Van Mierlo, M. L., Visser-Meily, J. M., Van Heugten, C. M., & Post, M. W. (2013). Associations between social support and stroke survivors’ health-related quality of life–a systematic review. Patient Education and Counselling, 93, 169–176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kubina, L., Dubouloz, C., Davis, C. G., Kessler, D., & Egan, M. Y. (2013). The process of re-engagement in personally valued activities during the two years following stroke. Disability & Rehabilitation, 35(3), 236–243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuluski, K., Dow, C., Locock, L., Lyons, R. F., & Lasserson, D. (2014). Life interrupted and life regained? Coping with stroke at a young age. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 9, 222–252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kvaal, K., Halding, A., & Kvigne, K. (2014). Social provision and loneliness among older people suffering from chronic physical illness. A mixed-methods approach. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 28(1), 104–111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kvigne, K., Kirkevold, M., & Giengedal, E. (2004). Fighting back--struggling to continue life and preserve the self following a stroke. Health Care for Women International, 25(4), 370–387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leahy, D. M., Desmond, D., Coughlan, T., O’Neill, D., & Collins, D. R. (2016). Stroke in young women: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(5), 669–678.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levac, D., Colquhoun, H., & O’Brien, K. K. (2010). Scoping studies: Advancing the methodology. Implementation Science, 5, 69–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Livneh, H., & Antonak, R. F. (2005). Psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability: A primer for counsellors. Journal of Counseling & Development, 83, 12–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lynch, E. B., Butt, Z., Heineman, A., Viktorson, D., Nowinski, C. J., Peres, L., & Cella, D. A. (2008). A qualitative study of quality of life after stroke: The importance of social relationships. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 40(7), 518–523.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mackenzie, A. E., & Chang, A. M. (2002). Predictors of quality of life following stroke. Disability and Rehabilitation, 24(5), 259–265.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maisel, N. C., & Gable, S. L. (2009). The paradox of received social support: The importance of responsiveness. Psychological Science, 20(8), 928–932.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maleka, M., Stewart, A. S., & Hale, L. (2012). The experience of living with stroke in low urban and rural socioeconomic areas of South Africa. South African Journal of Physiotherapy, 68(3), 25–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maratos, M., Huynh, L., Tan, J., Lui, J., & Jarus, T. (2016). Picture this: Exploring the lived experience of high-functioning stroke survivors using Photovoice. Qualitative Health Research, 26(8), 1055–1066.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martinsen, R., Kirkevold, M., & Sveen, U. (2012). Younger Stroke Survivors’ experience of family life in a long-term perspective: A narrative hermeneutic phenomelogical study. Nursing Research and Practice, 1, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, M. J., & Bauer, E. (2015). In sickness and in health: Couples coping with stroke across the life Span. Health & Social Work, 40(3), e92–e100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, M. J., & Lyons, K. S. (2015). Incongruence between stroke survivor and spouse perceptions of survivor functioning and effects on spouse mental health: A mixed methods pilot study. Aging and Mental Health, 19(1), 46–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCullagh, E., Brigstocke, G., Donaldson, N., & Kalra, L. (2005). Determinants of caregiving burden and quality of life in carers of stroke patients. Stroke, 36(10), 2181–2186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDowell, I., & Newell, C. (1996). Measuring Health: A Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Meijering, L., Nanninga, C. S., & Lettinga, A. T. (2016). Home-making after stroke. A qualitative study among Dutch stroke survivors. Health and Place, 37, 35–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Munn, Z., Peters, M. D. J., Stern, C., Tufanaru, C., McArthur, A., & Aromataris, E. (2018). Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18, 143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murray, C. D., & Harrison, B. (2004). The meaning and experience of being a stroke survivor: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Disability & Rehabilitation, 26(13), 808–816.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nilsson, M. I., Fugl-Meyer, K., Von Koch, L., & Ytterberg, C. (2017). Experiences of sexuality six years after stroke: A qualitative study. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 14(6), 797–803.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Northcott, S., & Hilari, K. (2011). Why do people lose their friends after a stroke? International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 46(5), 524–534.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Northcott, S., & Hilari, K. (2018). “I’ve got someone there, someone cares”: What support is more valued following a stroke? Disability and Rehabilitation, 40(20), 2439–2448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Northcott, S., Moss, B., Harrison, K., & Hilari, K. (2016). A systematic review of the impact of stroke on social support and social networks: Associated factors and patterns of change. Clinical Rehabilitation, 30(8), 811–831.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Opara, J. A., & Jaracz, K. (2010). Quality of life post-stroke patients and their caregivers. Journal of Medicine and Life, 3(3), 216–220.Google ScholarPubMed
Pallesen, H. (2014). Body, coping and self-identity. A qualitative 5-year follow-up study of stroke. Disability & Rehabilitation, 36(3), 232–241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peters, M., Godfrey, C. M., Khalil, H., McInerney, P., Parker, D., & Baldini Soares, C. (2015). Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. International Journal of Evidence Based Healthcare, 13, 141–146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pham, M. T., Rajic, A., Greig, J. D., Sargeant, J. M., Papadopoulos, A., & McEwen, S. A. (2014). A scoping review of scoping reviews: Advancing the approach and enhancing the consistency. Research Synthesis Methods, 5(4), 371–385.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S. (2000). Influences of socioeconomic status, social network, and competence on subjective well-being in later life: A meta-analysis. Psychology & Aging, 15(2), 187–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Piskur, B., Daniels, R., Jongmans, M. J., Ketelaar, M., Smeets, R., Norton, M., & Beurskens, A. (2014). Participation and social participation: Are they distinct concepts? Clinical Rehabilitation, 28(3), 211–220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pound, C. (2011). Reciprocity, resources, and relationships: New discourses in healthcare, personal, and social relationships. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 13(3), 197–206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pozzebon, M., Douglas, J., & Ames, D. (2016). Spouses’ Experience of Living with a Partner Diagnosed with a Dementia: A synthesis of the qualitative research. International Psychogeriatrics, 28, 537–556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pozzebon, M., Douglas, J., & Ames, D. (2018). Facing the challenges of primary progressive aphasia: The spousal perspective. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 6(9), 2292–2312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinn, K., Murray, C. D., & Malone, C. (2014). The experience of couples when one partner has a stroke at a young age: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Disability and Rehabilitation, 36(20), 1670–1678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radcliffe, E., Lowton, K., & Myfanwy, M. (2013). Co-construction of chronic illness narratives by older stroke survivors and their spouses. Sociology of Health & Illness, 35(7), 993–1007.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramazanu, S., Loke, A. Y., & Chiang, V. C. L. (2019). Couples coping in the community after the stroke of a spouse: A scoping review. Nursing Open, 7, 472–482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reed, M., Harrington, R., Duggan, A., & Wood, V. A. (2010). Meeting stroke survivors’ perceived needs: A qualitative study of a community-based exercise and education scheme. Clinical Rehabilitation, 24(1), 16–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rittman, M., Boylsteing, C., Hinojossa, R., Hinojosa, M. S., & Haun, J. (2007). Transition experiences of stroke survivors following discharge home. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 14(2), 21–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robitaille, A. (2011). Understanding the Role of Social Support on Psychological Distress among Older Canadians: An Investigation of National Health Survey. Ottawa: These de doctorat, Universite d’Ottawa.Google Scholar
Rochette, A., Desrosiers, J., Bravo, G., St-Cyr-Tribble, D., & Bourget, A. (2007). Changes in participation after a mild stroke: Quantitative and qualitative perspectives. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 14(3), 59–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodgers, H., Bond, S., & Curless, R. (2001). Inadequacies in the provision of information to stroke patients and their families. Age & Ageing, 30, 129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rogan, C., Fortune, D. G., & Prentice, G. (2013). Post-traumatic growth, illness perceptions and coping in people with acquired brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 23, 639–657.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roing, M., & Sanner, M. (2015). A meta-ethnographic synthesis on phenomenographic studies of patients’ experiences of chronic illness. International Journal of Qualitative Studies and Well-being, 10(1), 1–16.Google ScholarPubMed
Rounds, K. A., & Israel, B. A. (1985). Social networks and social support: Living with chronic renal disease. Patient Education and Counselling, 7, 227–247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Satink, T., Josephsson, S., Zajec, J., Cup, E. H., De Swart, B. J., & Nijhuis-Van Der Sanden, M. W. G. (2016). Negotiating role management through everyday activities: Narratives in action of two stroke survivors and their spouses. Disability and Rehabilitation, 38(24), 2354–2364.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tahiri-Mechakra, S., Sunsunegui, M.V., Preville, M., & Dube, M. (2009). Social relationships and depression among people 65 years and over living in rural and urban areas of Quebec. Geriatric Psychiatry, 24, 1226–1236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tate, R., Broe, G., Cameron, I., Hodgkinson, A., & Soo, C. (2005). Pre-injury, injury and early postinjury predictors of long-term functional and psychosocial recovery after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Impairment, 6, 75–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taule, T., & Raheim, M. (2014). Life changed existentially: A qualitative study of experiences at 6-8 months after mild stroke. Disability and Rehabilitation, 36(25), 2107–2119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taule, T., Strand, L., Skouen, J. S., & Raheim, M. (2015). Striving for a life worth living: Stroke survivors’ experiences of home rehabilitation. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 29(4), 651–661.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teasdale, T., & Engberg, A. (2005). Psychosocial consequences of stroke: A long-term population based follow up. Brain Injury, 19, 1049–1058.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, C. M., Allison, R., & Latour, J. M. (2017). Using blogs to explore the lived-experience of life after stroke: “A journey of discovery I never wanted to take”. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 74(3), 579–590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thommessen, B., Wyller, T. B., Bautz-Holter, E., Laake, K. (2002). Acute phase predictors of subsequent psychosocial burden in carers of elderly stroke patients. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 11(3), 201–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, H. S., & Ryan, A. (2009). The impact of stroke consequences on spousal relationships from the perspective of the person with stroke. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(12), 1803–1811.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thompson, H. S., & Ryan, A. (2013). A review of the psychosocial consequences of stroke and their impact on spousal relationships. British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 4(4), 177–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trudel, G., Dargis-Damphousse, L., Villeneuve, L., Boyer, R., & Preville, M. (2016). Marital support, psychological distress, and disability among community-dwelling older couples: A longitudinal study. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 28(4), 350–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Umberson, D., & Montez, J. (2010). Social relationships and health: A flashpoint for health policy. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(Suppl), 554–566.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Umberson, D., Williams, K., Powers, D., Liu, H., & Needham, B. (2006). You make me sick: Marital quality and health over the life course. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 47, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Urimubenshi, G. (2015). Activity limitations and participation restrictions experienced by people with stroke in Musanze district in Rwanda. African Health Sciences, 15(3), 917–924.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vassilev, I., Rogers, A., Blickem, C., Brooks, H., Dharmi, K., Kennedy, A., … Reeves, D. (2013). Social networks and the ‘work’ and work force of chronic illness self-management: A survey analysis of personal communities. PLOS One, 8(4), e59723.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vassilev, I., Rogers, A., Sanders, C., Kennedy, A., Blickem, C., Protheroe, J., … Morris, R. (2011). Social networks, social capital and chronic illness self-management: A realist review. Chronic Illness, 7, 60–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Visser-Meily, A., Post, M., Van De Port, I., Maas, C., Forstberg-Warleby, G., & Lindeman, E. (2009). Psychosocial functioning of spouses of patients with stroke from initial inpatient rehabilitation to 3 years post stroke: Course and relations with coping strategies. Stroke, 40(4), 1399–1404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker, G. H., Oyesanya, T. O., Hurley, A., Liu, C., & Bettger, J. P. (2020). Recovery experiences of younger stroke survivors who are parents: A qualitative content analysis. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 30, 126–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, J., Dickson, A., Magin, P., Tapley, A., Attia, J., Sturm, J., & Carter, G. (2014). Exploring the experience of psychological morbidity and service access in community dwelling stroke survivors: A qualitative follow up study, Disability and Rehabilitation, 36(19), 1600–1608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whyte, E. M., Mulsant, B. H., Vanderbilt, J., Dodge, H. H., & Ganguli, M. (2004). Depression after stroke: A prospective epidemiological study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(5), 774–778.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilz, G., & Kalytta, T. (2008). Anxiety symptoms in spouses of stroke patients. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 25(4), 311–315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
World Stroke Organisation. (2019). Retrieved October 3, 2019, from https://www.world-stroke.org/component/content/article/16-forpatients/84-facts-and-figures-about-stroke.Google Scholar
Wyller, T. B., Sveen, U., Sùdring, K. M., Petterson, A. M., & BautzHolter, E. (1997). Subjective well-being one year after stroke. Clinical Rehabilitation, 11, 139–145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yilmaz, S. D., Gumus, H., & Yilmaz, H., (2015). Sexual life of poststroke women with mild or no disability: A qualitative study. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 41(2), 145–154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yorgason, J. B., Roper, S. O., Wheeler, B., Crane, K., Byron, R., Carpenter, L., … Higley, D. (2010). Older couples’ management of multiple-chronic illnesses: Individual and shared perceptions and coping in Type 2 diabetes and osteoarthritis. Families, Systems and Health, 28, 30–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zeligman, M., Barden, S. M., & Hagedorn, W. B. (2016). Posttraumatic growth and HIV: A study on associations of stigma and social support. Journal of Counselling & Development, 94, 141–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, L., Yan, T., You, L., Gao, Y., Li, K., & Zhang, C. (2018). Functional activities and social participation after stroke in rural China: A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators. Clinical Rehabilitation, 32(2), 273–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, X., Du, M., Weng, Y., & Zhou, L. (2020). Hard return: The development and transformational process of social participation in stroke survivors; a qualitative study and initial theory. Clinical Rehabilitation, 34(6), 824–836.CrossRefGoogle Scholar