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Are Accelerometers and GPS Devices Valid, Reliable and Feasible Tools for Measurement of Community Ambulation After Stroke?1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 June 2016

Niruthikha Mahendran ,
Suzanne S. Kuys ,
Emma Downie ,
Phoebe Ng  and
Sandra G. Brauer
Niruthikha Mahendran*
Affiliation:
Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Suzanne S. Kuys
Affiliation:
School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Emma Downie
Affiliation:
Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Phoebe Ng
Affiliation:
Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Sandra G. Brauer
Affiliation:
Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
*
Address for correspondence: Dr Niruthikha Mahendran, 12D47, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2617. E-mail: niru.mahendran@canberra.edu.au
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Abstract

Purpose: To determine validity, reliability and feasibility of accelerometers (ActivPAL™, Sensewear Pro2 Armband) and portable global positioning systems (GPS) (Garmin Forerunner 405CX) for community ambulation measurement after stroke.

Methods: Fifteen community-dwelling stroke survivors attended two sessions; completing a 6-minute walk, treadmill walking, and 200-m outdoor circuit. Feasibility was determined by wearing devices over four days. Measures collected included step count, time spent walking, distance, energy expenditure and location. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), Bland–Altman plots and absolute percentage of error (APE) were used to determine validity and reliability.

Results: ActivPAL™ had excellent validity and reliability for most measures (ICC: 0.821–0.999, APE: 0%–11.1%), except for good-excellent findings at speeds < 0.42 m/s (ICC: 0.659–0.894, APE: 1.6%–11.1%). Sensewear had missing values for 23% of recordings and high error for all measures. GPS demonstrated excellent validity and reliability for time spent walking and step count (ICC: 0.805–0.999, APE: 0.9%–10%), and 100% accuracy for location. However, it was not valid or reliable for distance (ICC = −0.139, APE = 23.8%). All devices appeared feasible for community ambulation measurement with assistance for setup and data analysis.

Conclusions: ActivPAL™ and Garmin GPS appear valid, reliable and feasible tools for community ambulation measurement after stroke, except for distance. Sensewear demonstrated poor validity and reliability when worn on the paretic arm.

Keywords

Strokecommunity ambulationwalkingreliability and validityaccelerometerGPS
Type
Themed articles on Stroke
Information
Brain Impairment , Volume 17 , Issue 2: Themed issue on Stroke , September 2016 , pp. 151 - 161
Copyright
Copyright © Australasian Society for the Study of Brain Impairment 2016 

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Footnotes

1

This work has been presented at the International Society of Posture and Gait Research conference, Japan (2013) and Smart Strokes, Australia (2013).

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