Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 November 2011
The large tracts of estuarine alluvium which border the Severn Estuary (FIG. I) and inner Bristol Channel have never been the subject of systematic archaeological enquiry. Now largely reclaimed and known as levels, the greatest of these tracts are the Somerset Levels, on the English side, and the Wentlooge and Caldicot levels between Cardiff and R. Wye on the Welsh shore. Smaller areas of reclaimed wetland range upriver as far as Gloucester. The manner and extent to which these wetlands entered into the economy particularly in the Roman period has hitherto been assessed only in the form of speculations or inferences from circumstantial evidence, in contrast to the firmness of our understanding, based on buildings as well as artefacts, concerning military activities, settlement, and daily life on the surrounding slopes and hills beyond tidal influence.
1 Strong Norman influences (see Davies, M., Reports and Trans. Cardiff Nat. Soc. lxxxv (1955–1956), 5–15)Google Scholar, have ensured that place names in the coastal lands of southeast Wales are somewhat controversial. To avoid confusing readers unfamiliar with the area, we use the place names given on the latest editions of the Ordnance Survey topographic maps. It is worth noting, however, that the terms ‘wharf’ and ‘warth’, meaning a salt marsh standing at a generally high level and suitable for summer pasturing, have been used interchangeably throughout the Severn Levels since at least the 18th century.
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46 We are indebted to Mrs Annie Grant (University of Reading) for these determinations.
47 We are indebted to Dr M. Aitken and Dr J. Huxteble (Research Laboratory for Archaeology, University of Oxford) for this determination.
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