Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T17:17:03.411Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Developments in the Management of Annuity Business

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2011

Abstract

The focus of the paper is non-profit lifetime annuities in the UK. Annuity insurers have been faced with, or have initiated, an unprecedented amount of change during the last decade, and rapid change is still continuing. We draw out implications for the actuarial management of the business, arising from the evolution of: longevity risk assessment and management, investment strategy and operations, financial reporting, and enterprise risk management. We discuss Solvency II in some technical depth, analysing the proposed rules for technical provisions and solvency capital requirement.

Type
Sessional meetings: papers and abstracts of discussions
Copyright
Copyright © Institute and Faculty of Actuaries 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Actuarial Profession (2007). Annuities briefing note. Latest version available at http://www.actuaries.org.uk/research-and-resources/documents/briefing-note-annuitiesGoogle Scholar
Actuarial Profession (2008). Income drawdown briefing note. Latest version available at http://www.actuaries.org.uk/research-and-resources/documents/briefing-note-income-drawdownGoogle Scholar
Aslan, B.U., Critchley, J.A., Capewell, S. (2005). Small changes in UK cardiovascular risk factors could halve coronary heart disease mortality. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 58, 733740.Google Scholar
Association of British Insurers (2005). The pension annuity market: consumer perceptions.Google Scholar
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (2008). Computing Capital for Incremental Risk in the Trading Book. Published 22 July 2008.Google Scholar
Blake, D., Cairns, A.J.G., Dowd, K. (2006). Living with mortality: Longevity bonds and other mortality-linked securities. British Actuarial Journal, 12, 153228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blåvarg, M., Flodén, T., Höller, K. (2006). Revised regulation for determining discount rates. Finansinspektionen, Sweden.Google Scholar
Board for Actuarial Standards (2008). Actuarial Mortality Assumption: Discussion Paper.Google Scholar
Booth, H., Tickle, L. (2008). Mortality Modelling and forecasting: A review of methods. Annals of Actuarial Science, 3, 344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Britt, S., Krvavych, Y. (2009). Reinsurance credit risk modelling. ASTIN Colloquium 2009.Google Scholar
Bulmer, R., Gallagher, C., Green, P., Hart, D., Matthews, P., Moss, G., Sheaf, S. (2005). Reinsurance Bad Debt Provisions for General Insurance Companies. GIRO Working Group, The Institute of Actuaries.Google Scholar
Cannon, E., Tonks, I. (2008). Annuity markets. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cairns, A.J.G., Blake, D., Dowd, K. (2006). A Two-Factor Model for Stochastic Mortality with Parameter Uncertainty: Theory and Calibration. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 73(4) 687718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CEIOPS (2009). Lessons learnt from the Crisis (Solvency II and beyond). Published in March 2009.Google Scholar
All the CEIOPS Consultation Papers and the final Level 2 advice on Solvency II can be downloaded from the CEIOPS website: http://www.ceiops.eu/content/view/17/21Google Scholar
Committee of European Banking Supervisors (2009). Consultation Paper on Liquidity Buffers & Survival Periods, Consultation Paper 28.Google Scholar
Committee of Sponsoring Organisations of the Treadway Commission (2004). Enterprise Risk Management – Integrated Framework.Google Scholar
CMI Report 17 (1999). Projection factors for mortality improvement. Continuous Mortality Investigation Report, 17, 89108.Google Scholar
CMI Working Papers 1-42 can be downloaded from http://www.actuaries.org.uk/knowledge/cmi/cmi_wp/Google Scholar
CRO Forum (2008). Market value of liabilities for insurance firms – implementing elements for Solvency II.Google Scholar
CRO Forum (2009). Extrapolation of Market Data – Minimum Requirements. Draft published 11 December 2009.Google Scholar
Deacon, M.P., Derry, A.J. (1994). Deriving Estimates of Inflation Expectations from the Prices of UK Government Bonds. Bank of England Working Paper No. 23 (July).Google Scholar
Debt Management Office (2009). Supplementary Methods for Distributing Gilts: Response to Consultation. Published in March 2009.Google Scholar
Deighton, S.P., Dix, R.C., Graham, J.R., Skinner, J.M.E. (2009). Governance and Risk Management in United Kingdom Insurance Companies. British Actuarial Journal, 15(3), forthcoming.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deloitte & Touche LLP (2005). Report for the ABI on key correlation assumptions in ICA for life offices. Published in July 2005.Google Scholar
Dyer, D., Crouch, S., Eason, S., Fulcher, P., Jolly, P. (2004). Fixed Interest Investment for Life Insurers – Driven by Investment Principles or Regulation? Presented to the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries Finance and Investment Conference, June 2004.Google Scholar
Eason, S., Diffey, W., Fulcher, P., Wilkins, T. (2009). Analysis of popular asset hedges – effectiveness and regulatory treatment for UK life insurers. Presented to the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries Life Convention, November 2009.Google Scholar
Eason, S., Diffey, W., Evans, R., Fulcher, P., Wilkins, T. (2010). Does your hedge do what it says on the tin? Available at http://www.sias.org.uk/view_paper?id=April2010talkGoogle Scholar
Eom, Y.H., Helwege, J., Huang, J. (2004). Structural models of corporate bond pricing: an empirical analysis. The Review of Financial Studies, 17(2), 499544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Equity Release Working Party (2005). Equity Release Report 2005. Available at http://www.actuaries.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/19248/equityreleaserepjan05V1.pdfGoogle Scholar
European Commission (2009). Letter to CEIOPS. 17 November 2009.Google Scholar
European Insurance CFO Forum & CRO Forum (2009). Submission to illiquidity premium taskforce. 16 December 2009.Google Scholar
FSA (2001). CP97: Integrated Prudential Sourcebook. Published in June 2001.Google Scholar
FSA (2006). PS06/14: Prudential Changes for Insurers. Published in December 2006.Google Scholar
FSA (2008). Insurance Sector Briefing: Risk & capital management update. Published in September 2008.Google Scholar
FSA (2010). Money made clear. Available at http://www.moneymadeclear.fsa.gov.ukGoogle Scholar
Fulcher, P. (2007). The credit spread ‘puzzle’: the liquidity premium and implications for annuity business. Presented to the Finance & Risk Management Conference, June 2007.Google Scholar
Fulcher, P., Baid, S., Chambers, A., Catchpole, S., Tatham, C., Rogers, M., Jolly, P. (2007). Practical Implementation of Liability Driven Investment. Presented to the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries Finance and Investment Conference, June 2007.Google Scholar
Georgescu, D., Popescu, R. (2009). Financial Economics: Hidden Depths. The Actuary, September 2009.Google Scholar
Hawes, M., Collinge, E., Erasmus, J-H., Fulcher, P., Houlihan, R., Patel, C., Rahman, J., Sinclair, N., Siu, J., Teggin, P., Yang, S. (2009). Report of Bulk Purchase Annuity Working Party. Presented to the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries Life Convention, November 2009.Google Scholar
Treasury, H.M. (2006). The annuities market. HMSO.Google Scholar
Huang, J., Huang, M. (2003). How Much of Corporate-Treasury Yield Spread is Due to Credit Risk? Working Paper, Penn State University.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humble, R., Wilson, B. (2008). Drivers of longevity projection with particular reference to smoking. Presented to the Staple Inn Actuarial Society on 22 April 2008.Google Scholar
Hurd, M., Relleen, J. (2006). New information from inflation swaps and index-linked bonds. Q1 2006 Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, 24–34.Google Scholar
Investment Management Association (2008a). Research paper: Modelling Income Drawdown Strategies.Google Scholar
Investment Management Association (2008b). Discussion paper: Enabling Choice for Retirement.Google Scholar
KPMG (2009). Technical Practices Survey, covering life actuarial practices and methodologies in ICA, EV and regulatory reporting. Published in December 2009.Google Scholar
Lewin, C.G. (2003). Pensions and insurance before 1800. East Linton, Tuckwell Press.Google Scholar
Liu, J., Longstaff, F., Mandell, R.E. (2006). The market price of risk in interest rate swaps: the roles of default and liquidity risks. Journal of Business, 79(5), 23372359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Love, H., Ryan, D. (2007). Disease and death: Improving our knowledge of the future. Presented to the Staple Inn Actuarial Society on 17 July 2007.Google Scholar
Lu, J.L.C., Kanter, A. (2010). The uncertainty of life and death: An uncertain baseline: the credibility of actual experience. Available at http://www.actuaries.org.uk/research-and-resources/documents/uncertain-baseline-credibility-mortality-experienceGoogle Scholar
McGrath, G., Windle, R. (2006). Recent developments in sterling inflation-linked markets. Q4 2006 Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, 386396.Google Scholar
McPherson, K., Marsh, T., Brown, M. (2007). Foresight. Tackling Obesities: Future Choices – Modelling Future Trends in Obesity & Their Impact on Health. Government Office for Science, 2nd Edition.Google Scholar
Merton, R.C. (1974). On the Pricing of Corporate Debt: The Risk Structure of Interest Rates. Journal of Finance, 29, 449470.Google Scholar
Mintel Report (2009). Annuities. Mintel International Group Ltd.Google Scholar
Money Management (2009). SIPP supplement. Published 1 September 2009.Google Scholar
Muir, M., Chase, A., Coleman, P., Cooper, P., Finkelstein, G., Fulcher, P., Harvey, C., Pereira, R., Shamash, A., Wilkins, T. (2007). Credit derivatives. British Actuarial Journal, 13, 185256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Office of National Statistics. 2008-based projections of life expectancy. Available at http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-217064Google Scholar
The Pensions Advisory Service (2010). Online Annuity Planner Available at http://www.pensionsadvisoryservice.org.uk/online-plannersGoogle Scholar
Renshaw, A.E., Haberman, S. (2006). A cohort-based extension of the Lee-Carter model for mortality reduction factors. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 38(3), 556570.Google Scholar
Richards, S.J. (2008). Applying survival models to pensioner mortality data. British Actuarial Journal, 14, 257326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, S.J., Jones, G (2004). Financial aspects of longevity risk. Presented to Staple Inn Actuarial Society, 26 October 2004.Google Scholar
Rocha, R., Thorburn, C. (2007). Developing annuity markets: the experience of Chile. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development /The World Bank.Google Scholar
Rusconi, R. (2008). National annuity markets: features and implications, OECD working papers on insurance and private pensions, No. 24, OECD publishing, © OECD. doi:10.1787/240211858078CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swiss Re (2007). Annuities: a private solution to longevity risk. Sigma Report 3/2007.Google Scholar
Standard & Poor's (2009). Covered Bonds: Revised Methodology and Assumptions For Assessing Asset-Liability Mismatch Risk in Covered Bonds.Google Scholar
Timmis, E., Allan, S., Evans, R., Plenderleith, L.A., Roe, J. (2010). Impacts of Regulation and Market Turbulence on Annuity Fund Investment Strategies. To be presented to the Risk & Investment Conference, June 2010.Google Scholar