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The campaign for the Catholic workhouse children, 1834–68
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 September 2015
Abstract
The systematic proselytisation of Catholic children institutionalised under the New Poor Law of 1834 was felt by the Catholic community as a very serious grievance. The legislation was framed so as to make the ministrations of the state church an integral part of the workhouse regime, while providing safeguards for the religious rights of non-Anglicans, both adults and children, through a conscience clause which however was not envisaged as applicable to children perceived as having no meaningful family connections. Loose wording allowed locally elected poor law bodies to frustrate the intentions of Parliament, and nullify all efforts of relatives and others to secure appropriate religious upbringing for Catholic children. The problem was particularly acute in the London area. Earlier lobbying initiatives came to nothing, but a fresh campaign begun in 1859, waged with the participation of Catholics at all levels of society, and persisting in the face of repeated setbacks, succeeded in 1868 in bringing about a change in the law, whereby procedures were established to enable the transfer of all poor law children of proven Catholic background to voluntary institutions under Catholic management, with funding for their maintenance paid from the poor rates.
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- Research Article
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- © Trustees of the Catholic Record Society 2015. Published by Cambridge University Press
Footnotes
*
I would like to express my thanks to the staff of the British Library (particularly the Newspaper section), London Metropolitan Archives, Westminster Archdiocesan Archives, Catholic National Library, Maughan Library, Tower Hamlets Archives and Local History Library, and the volunteer archives team at Virgo Fidelis Convent. Above all I am deeply grateful to those who went to so much trouble to review earlier drafts of this article, and who provided invaluable help, support and encouragement.
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131 Weekly Register, 1 April 1865, 196.
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140 Feheney, ‘The Poor Law Board August Order’, 90.
141 Poor Law Chronicle, 7 August 1868, 27.
142 Hansard, 184: 26 July 1866 1581–7; 6 August 1866, 2096–7.
143 Hansard, 184: 1 August 1866, 1885–7.
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146 For example, the St. Marylebone Guardians at a meeting in August 1867 considered a letter from the Poor Law Board notifying them of an application for the transfer of Mary Ann and Elizabeth Fitzpatrick to a Catholic institution, and requesting their observations; not until March 1868 did they receive notification that the Poor Law Board was about to issue an order for the children’s removal, to which they responded with a furiously worded protest. See Minutes of the St Marylebone Board of Guardians 2 August 1867 and 20 March 1868, ST/M/BG/1, LMA.
147 Poor Law Amendment Act 1868 with notes and index by Hugh Owen, Jun., Esq. (London: Knight & Co, 1868) 17 n. a; Ross, Care and Education of Pauper Children, 140–1.
148 Tablet, 16 June 1866, 374.
149 Universe, 23 June 1866, 2.
150 Feheney, Changing attitudes in the Catholic Church, 72.
151 Tablet, 2 January 1869, 309, details the plans of the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle to set up a certified school; Bennett, ‘The Care of the Poor’, 568–9 shows that by 1887 all but four Catholic dioceses had provided accommodation for poor law children.
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155 Hansard, 192: 28 May 1868, 946–9.
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163 Hansard, 57: 29 March 1841, 691–8.