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The Reports of William Udall, Informer, 1605–1612. Part I

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 September 2015

P. R. Harris
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Extract

Even in a modern state with an efficient police force considerable use is made of informers. Indeed the most successful detective is often the one who has the best contacts with members of the underworld who are prepared to provide information in return for cash or for favours. The more primitive the machinery for preserving order in a state the greater the need for such informers. It is no wonder therefore that men of this kind proliferated in Elizabethan and Jacobean England.

Type
Research Article
Information
British Catholic History , Volume 8 , Issue 4 , January 1966 , pp. 192 - 249
Copyright
Copyright © Catholic Record Society 1966

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References

1. See Document no. 4.

2. H.M.C. Salisbury, vol. 15, 326.Google Scholar

3. C.R.S., vol. 53, 259.Google Scholar

4. C.R.S., vol. 5, 251.Google Scholar

5. Henry Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare. Born 1562. Accused of treason when aged 18, and sent to England. By 1588 he was back in Ireland and was commended by the Lord Deputy for his willingness to serve against the Spaniards. Married Frances, daughter of Charles Howard, Earl of Nottingham. Fought early in 1597 against the Earl of Tyrone and the Ulster rebels, and was mortally wounded. Died at Drogheda 1 August 1597. (G.E.C., Complete Peerage, vol. 7, 239-40.)

6. C.S.P. Ireland 1592-6, 330.

7. Ibid., 331-2.

8. Ibid., 333.

9. Ibid., 346, 8.

10. John Thornborough (1551-1641). Bishop of Limerick, 1593. Bishop of Bristol, 1603. Bishop of Worcester, 1617. A persistent hunter of recusants. (D.N.B.)

11. Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone (15407-1616). Rebelled in 1594 and from then until his submission in 1603 was almost constantly at war with the English. In September 1607 he fled to the Continent, and from 1608 until his death he lived in Rome at the Pope's expense. (D.N.B.)

12. C.S.P. Ireland 1592-6, 425, 435, 436.

13. Ibid., 437.

14. HM.C. Salisbury, vol. 6, 277.Google Scholar

15. Poley was a secret agent who had been much concerned with the Babington Plot in 1586. (Conyers Read, Mr. Secretary Walsingham (1925), vol. 3, 21, etc.)

16. Henry Brooke, Lord Cobham. Died 1619. Brother in law of Sir Robert Cecil and his ally against Essex. Married the widow of Henry, Earl of Kildare, UdalFs master. Involved in the Main Plot (1603), condemned to death, but reprieved. (D.N.B.)

17. H.M.C. Salisbury, vol. 6, 424.Google Scholar

18. C.S.P. Ireland 1596-7, 148.

19. HM.C. Salisbury, vol. 7, 138.Google Scholar

20. Ibid., vol. 8, 74-5.

21. Ibid., vol. 7, 139.

22. Ibid., vol. 8, 514.

23. Ibid., vol. 9, 32.

24. Ibid., vol. 9, 375.

25. Ibid., vol. 8, xiii, xiv.

26. Ibid., vol. 9, 341.

27. Ibid., vol. 9, 384-5. See also C.S.P. Ireland 1600-1, 318.

28. Sir John Stanhope, first Baron Stanhope of Harrington (1545?-1621) became Treasurer of the Chamber in 1596. (D.N.B.)

29. H.M.C. Salisbury, vol. 9, 375.Google Scholar

30. D.N.B.

31. CS.P. Ireland 1600, 93.

32. C.S.P. Ireland 1599-1600, 496.

33. C.S.P. Ireland 1600, 127.

34. Ibid., 210.

35. Christopher Nugent, Lord Delvin (1544-1602), son-in-law of Gerald, 11th Earl of Kildare (the father of Udall’s master). Although often employed by the government he was always the object of considerable suspicion because of his obstinate Popery. Early in 1600 he submitted to Tyrone, and in consequence was confined by the Lord Deputy in Dublin Castle on suspicion of treason. He died in prison in the summer of 1602. (D.N.B.)

36. C.S.P. Ireland 1600-1, 220.

37. Ibid., 293-5.

38. Ibid., 312-3.

39. Ibid., 316-24.

40. Ibid., 354.

41. Ibid., 366-7.

42. Sir Griffin Markham (1564?-1644?). A cavalry commander under the Earl of Essex in Ireland. Condemned to death because he had been involved in the Bye Plot (1603), but reprieved and banished. (D.N.B.)

43. H.M.C. Salisbury, vol. 11, 225–7.Google Scholar

44. Ibid., 237-8.

45. Ibid., 247-8.

46. Ibid., 326.

47. Ibid., 436.

48. Ibid., vol. 14, 201. Dated by the editor of the Calendar [71601], but in fact dating from 1602 since Udall says in the petition that he has been in prison for a year. (Salisbury MSS. Petition no. 1412.)

49. H.M.C. Salisbury, vol. 12, 167–8Google Scholar; vol. 15, 331.

50. Ibid., vol. 12, 575.

51. C.S.P. Ireland 1601-3, 405.

52. HM.C. Salisbury, vol. 12, 665.

53. Ibid., vol. 15, 91-2.

54. Ibid., 280-2.

55. Ibid., 298.

56. Ibid., 326.

57. Ibid., vol. 9, 384; CS.P. Ireland 1600-1, 321. The Fitzgeralds or Geraldines of Ireland were all said to be descended from the famous Maurice, son of Gerald, who accompanied Strongbow in the Anglo-Norman invasion. Two of the most influential noble families of Ireland were Fitzgeralds — the Earls of Kildare of Maynooth, County Kildare (who later Became Dukes of Leinster) and the Earls of Desmond of Munster. (E. MacLysaght, Irish Families (1957), 142.)

The base Geraldines to whom Udall was related by marriage were probably those of County Kildare. In 1599 the bastard Geraldines of this county were described as “the worst sort of traitors in the kingdom”. (C.S.P. Ireland 1599-1600, 51.)

58. HM.C. Salisbury, vol. 15, 327-31.

59. He later admitted that he himself had never seen this book. (HM.C. Salisbury, vol. 16, 10.)

60. H.M.C. Salisbury, vol. 16, 7-8.

61. Ibid., 9-11.

62. Cecil was created Baron Cecil of Essendon on 13 May 1603.

63. He had made the same accusation in private to William Watson, the priest who was involved in the Bye Plot, soon after James I arrived in London. (Watson's examination of 18 August 1603, printed in Dodd, C., Church History. Ed. by M. A. Tierney, vol. 4 (1841), Appendix, xxiii, xxiv.)Google Scholar

64. Thomas Strange was born in Gloucestershire in 1577 or 1578. He possessed a considerable amount of land in his native county. Having been converted by Father John Gerard, S.J., who was then a prisoner in the Clink, he entered the Society of Jesus at Rome in 1600/1. He was ordained and sent to England in 1603. He was arrested in 1605, imprisoned, severely tortured and eventually banished. Strange died at Ghent in 1639. (Foley, Records. vol. 7, 744.)

65. See Bruce, J., Correspondence of James VI of Scotland with Sir Robert Cecil and others in England (1861). [Camden Society, vol. 78.]Google Scholar

66. HM.C. Salisbury, vol. 16, 12.Google Scholar

67. Logan, P. Smith, Life and Letters of Sir Henry Wotton (1907), vol. 2, 497.Google Scholar

68. HM.C. Salisbury, vol. 16, 26–7.Google Scholar

69. Ibid., 57-8.

70. Cecil was created Viscount Cranborne on 20 August 1604, and Earl of Salisbury on 4 May 1605.

71. HM.C. Salisbury, vol. 17, 101.Google Scholar

72. Ibid., 351.

73. Ibid., 362-3.

74. Ibid., 411.

75. See Document no. 42.

76. HM.C. Salisbury, vol. 17, 529.Google Scholar

77. S.P.D. James I, vol. 216, no. 47.

78. See Documents no. 3, 5, 6, 7.

79. See Document no. 3.

80. See Document no. 4.

81. See Document no. 3.

82. See Document no. 33.

83. Information from Mr. A. F. Allison.

84. See Document no. 11.

85. See Document no. 12.

86. See Document no. 13.

87. See Document no. 14.

88. See Document no. 25.

89. See Document no. 28.

90. An Apologie for the Oath of Allegiance (1609). This was first published anonymously in 1607 under the title Triplici nodo, triplex cuneus. To the 1609 edition was added a long preface entitled “A Premonition … to all most Mightie Monarches”.

91. C.S.P. Ven. 1607-10, no. 536.

92. See Document no. 18.

93. C.S.P. Ven. 1607-10, no. 555.

94. Ibid., no. 564.

95. See Document no. 19.

96. Salisbury MSS, vol. 195, no. 108.

97. For John Wilson, see infra 237.

98. State Papers Foreign, Flanders, Bundle 9, f. 290.

99. C.S.P. Ven. 1607-10, no. 576.

100. Salisbury MSS, vol. 127, no. 100.

101. S.P.D. James I, vol. 47, no. 63.

102. C.S.P. Ven. 1607-10, no. 580.

103. Ibid., no. 588.

104. Ibid., no. 592.

105. Ibid., no. 612.

106. See Document no. 24.

107. C.S.P. Ven. 1607-10, no. 617, 636.

108. Of the four known copies of the first edition one is in the Bodleian Library, one at Heythrop College and the other two in the Lambeth Palace Library. The only known copy of the second edition (which was printed in 1610) is now in the Library of Congress; it was formerly in the Huth Library.

109. C.S.P. Ven. 1607-10, no. 636. Dated 14/24 September 1609.

110. See Document no. 40.

111. See Document no. 41.

112. See Document no. 38.

113. For Lewis Owen (1572-1633) see D.N.B.

114. Westminster Cathedral Archives. Main Series, vol. 9, no. 52.

115. For Henry Oven see infra 219.

116. For Mrs. Fowler see infra 220.

117. For Mrs. Dowse see infra 237.

118. For Kinsman see infra 258.

119. See Documents no. 32, 33.

120. See Document no. 30.

121. S.P.D. James I, vol. 70, no. 63.

122. C.S.P. Ireland 1600, 210.

123. S.P.D. James I, vol. 31, no. 79

124. Probably the Gunpowder Alley which ran west out of Shoe Lane. There was another one which ran east out of Crutched Friars. (H. A. Harben, Dictionary of London (1918), 283.)

125. See Document no. 13.

126. Thomas, Goad, The Dole full Even-song (1623)Google Scholar, sig. K.1 verso.

127. Henry, Kiene (or King, or Keene) was described in 1605 as a common transporter of young children. (HM.C. Salisbury, vol. 17, 545.)Google Scholar He employed Henry Parish, a fisherman of Barking (see infra 261) for the purpose (op. cit., 577). In September 1605 William Farrar wrote from Douai to his uncle Edward Norton saying that Kiene conducted youths over to Douai and other colleges almost every month. (Ibid., 434.) He lived obscurely at the further end of Tower Street in a little lane leading to the river. (Ibid., 626.) He may be the Henry Keen, described as a layman, who was exiled in 1603. (C.R.S., vol. 10, 337.)

128. The Spanish ambassador was Don Pedro de Zuniga, who succeeded the Count of Villa Mediana during the summer of 1605. (HM.C. Salisbury, vol. 17, xxv.) His house in Seething Lane was near St. Olave's church, Hart Street. (HM.C. Salisbury, vol. 18, 23.) There are numerous references to Masses being celebrated there. (E.g. HM.C. Salisbury, vol. 18, 251, 262, 405.)

129. Sir William Waad (1546-1623) was successively a diplomat, Clerk to the Privy Council and (from 15 August 1605) Lieutenant of the Tower of London. He was very active against recusants. (D.N.B.)

130. The ambassador's secretary was an Irishman named John Ball. (HM.C. Salisbury, vol. 18, 197.) He was imprisoned on the charge that he had plotted against James I. (Ibid., xxiv.)

131. Levinus Munck, secretary to the Earl of Salisbury.

132. Gunpowder Plot.

133. For Henry, Kiene see supra 211.Google Scholar

134. Leigh on Sea, Essex.

135. On 10 February 1605/6 Sir John Popham reported to the Earl of Salisbury that among nine persons arrested in Essex while waiting to go abroad were Sadler and his wife who claimed that they were pensioners of Spain. (C.S.P.D. 1603-10, 289.)

On 20 June 1605 William Sadler and his wife Anne, late of the parish of St. Martin in the Fields, were presented for not attending church. (M.C.R., vol. 2, 12.)

136. By the Italian ambassador is meant the Venetian ambassador, Nicolo Molin. Molin arrived in England in November 1603, and left London to return home in February 1605/6. (C.S.P. Ven. 1603-7, nos. 151, 486.) In March 1605/6 his successor Zorzi Giustinian reported to the Doge and Senate that a man who closely resembled a Jesuit accused of complicity in the Gunpowder Plot had seized the opportunity to travel as one of Molin's suite. He had been arrested at Dover, sent to London, and examined by the Council. When it was found that he was a simple priest and innocent of conspiracy he was released and sent to Calais at public expense. (Ibid., no.” 490.)

137. Udall was obviously cultivating the anti-Jesuit party amongst the English Catholics. Unfortunately the document which he sent to Salisbury has not been found.

138. In a letter to the Catholics of England dated 28 November 1605 George Blackwell the Archpriest referred to his letter of 7 November which condemned the attempt on the king's life by the Gunpowder Plotters. (H.M.C. Salisbury, vol. 17, 518; C.S.P.D. 1603-10, 243.)

139. Virginia was much in the news in 1606. On 10 April letters patent were issued authorising Sir Thomas Gates and others to colonise Virginia, which was defined as lying between the 34th and 45th parallels of latitude (i.e. between Cape Fear River, North Carolina and Halifax, Nova Scotia). This document is generally cited as the first Virginia charter. A permanent settlement was established the following year at Jamestown. (Channing, E., History of the United States, vol. 1 (1905), 157 Google Scholar, etc.)

140. Sir John Popham (15317-1607) became Lord Chief Justice in 1592 and retained the post until his death. (D.N.B.)

141. For Henry Kiene see supra 211.

142. Anthony Hickmote (or Hickman) of Duke's Place near Aldgate (or of Crutched Friars) was described in December 1605 as a common transporter abroad of young children. (H.M.C. Salisbury, vol. 17, 545, 577.) In March 1605/6 he was imprisoned by Sir John Popham. (C.S.P.D. 1603-10, 304.)

143. Printing presses.

144. Udall often complained about the Court of High Commission and its officers.

145. The Company of Stationers of London. Illegal presses which had been seized were sometimes handed over to the Company. (See, e.g., Udall's letter of 28 June 1606 — Document no. 4.)

146. Montague House, the home of the Viscounts Montague, was in Southwark between the church of St. Mary Overy (the present Southwark Cathedral) and the Thames. Sir Anthony Browne was granted the site and buildings of St. Mary Overy's priory in 1544/5. His eldest son Anthony was created Viscount Montague by Queen Mary. He probably lived in what had been the prior's house; this adjoined the church wall on the side facing the river. When he died in 1593 his wife Magdalen was left the house for life, with reversion to her grandson who was also called Anthony. In 1599 the house was searched because Lady Montague was a recusant.

Guy Fawkes was at one time in the service of the second Lord Montague who was himself suspected of being involved in the Gunpowder Plot, and was imprisoned in the Tower from 15 November 1605 to August 1606. As a later letter from Udall shows (see Document no. 25) Montague House continued to be a centre of Catholic activities. (London County Council, Survey of London, vol. 22 — Bankside (1950), 43.)

147. Sir Clement Fisher of Great Packington, Warwickshire. Knighted, 1604. (Shaw, Knights, vol. 2, 136.) Died 1619. (Sir William Dugdale, The Antiquities of Warwickshire (1730), 992.) In July 1605 he seized two secret presses and some Catholic books and sent them to London. (H.M.C. Salisbury, vol. 17, 329, 350.)

148. Mr. and Mrs. Hey wood shared a house with Father John Gerard, S.J., in 1598. (John Gerard. Trans, by P. Caraman. 2nd edition (1956), 142.)

149. Greenway was one of the aliases of Oswald Tesimond, S.J. He was born in 1563 or 1564 in Northumberland He entered the English College, Rome, in 1580, joined the Society in 1584, and landed in England in 1598. He worked mainly in Worcestershire and Warwickshire. He was accused of complicity in the Gunpowder Plot, arrested in London, escaped, and crossed to Calais in a victualling boat with a cargo of dead pigs. He died in Naples in 1635. (Foley, Records, vol. 7, 767.)

150. John Gerard, S.J. (1565-1637)’, whose autobiography was edited by Philip Caraman (2nd edition, 1956). Together with Father Henry Garnet, S.J., and Father Tesimond he was named as a traitor and an accessory to the Gunpowder Plot in a proclamation issued on 15 January 1605/6. He escaped to the Low Countries in the suites of the ambassadors of Spain and the Netherlands. (P. Caraman, Henry Garnet (1964), 439.)

151. Gilbert Gerard was born in 1569. To English College, Rome, 1587. Ordained 1593. With Father Henry Garnet at White Webbs about 1605. (Foley, Records, vol. 7, 293.) According to Foley (vol. 6, 175) Gerard became a Jesuit, but the documents concerning his membership of the Society have been lost.

152. Hoxton.

153. Apparently no such collection was ever published. It seems that Udall had heard rumours of a letter signed by King James which was addressed to Pope Clement VIII in 1599. This asked that William Chisholm, a Scotsman who was Bishop of Vaison in France, should be created a cardinal in order that he might watch over James’ interests at Rome. This letter (which is printed in John Rushworth's Historical Collections, vol. 1 (1659), 162–3) expressed a high regard for the Pope and for the Catholic Church, and it ended with the words — “Your Holiness’ most dutiful son”. Elizabeth heard reports of the matter and remonstrated with James, who denied that he had ever written such a letter.

In 1608 however Cardinal Bellarmine in his pseudonymous reply (Responsio Matthaei Torti … ad librum inscriptum, Triplici nodo, triplex cuneus) to James’ book in support of the 1606 oath of allegiance, referred to this letter as proof of James’ earlier sympathy towards Catholicism (p. 55).

James charged James Elphinstone, Lord Balmerino (1553?-1612), who had been his Secretary of State in 1599, with having written the letter without the king's knowledge. Balmerino confessed that this was indeed the case, and said that he had surreptitiously slipped the letter amongst others which James signed. In March 1609 he was sentenced to death for treason, but was reprieved by the king. It seems possible that Balmerino had agreed to act as a scape-goat on condition that his life and estates were spared. (Spottis-wood, J., The History of the Church of Scotland, vol. 3 (1850), 197–204 Google Scholar; Gardiner, S. R., History of England from the Accession of James I, vol. 1 (1883), 80–82.)Google Scholar

154. The following are the only two works by Thomas Fitzherbert which were published in or before 1606: —

A Defence of the Catholyke Cause … Written by T. F. 1602. [Antwerp, Arnout Conincx.] (A. & R. 310.)

The First Part of a Treatise concerning Policy, and Religion. 1606. [Douai, Laurence Kellam.] (A. & R. 311.)

155. For Oswald Tesimond, S.J., see supra 216.Google Scholar

156. Possibly a mistake for Sir Francis Lacon, who in 1609 was alleged to be sheltering the priest Thomas Wright (see infra 222). Sir Francis lived ai Kinlett. (Foley, Records, vol. 5, 933, 934.) There were however other recusant Lacons — e.g. Elianor Lacon of Kinlett who was mentioned as a recusant in 1608 (C.S.P.D. 1603-10, 472) and Mr. Lacon the father, and Sir Thomas Lacon the son who were sheltering Robert Jones, S.J., in 1605 (Foley, Records, vol. 4, 370).

157. The proclamation of 10 June 1606 ordering all priests to leave England before 1 August 1606.

158. Udall was too late; John Gerard, S.J., had escaped to the Continent on 3 May 1606. (Caraman, P., Henry Garnet (1964), 439.)Google Scholar

159. Richard Fulwood, Jesuit lay-brother, was born at Weston, Warwickshire, about 1560. He became the servant of John Gerard, S.J., was arrested in March 1593/4, imprisoned and tortured. He escaped from Bridewell and entered the service of Father Garnet since John Gerard was in prison. He helped Gerard to escape from the Tower in 1597. After the death of Garnet in May 1606 Fulwood went to the Continent and spent some years at Dunkirk where he acted as agent for the Jesuits in England. The date of his death is not known. (Foley, Records, vol. 7, 281.) In April 1606 the spy Healy informed Salisbury that Fulwood was organizing the transport to the Continent of young men who wished to become priests. He usually conveyed them to ships waiting between Greenwich and Gravesend and sent them to Gravelines or Calais. (Foley, Records, vol. 1, 499.)

160. George Blackwell (1545?-1613) was appointed Archpriest in 1598 and deprived of that office in 1608 for subscribing to the 1606 oath of allegiance. (D.N.B.)

161. Sir Walter Chetwynd of Staffordshire, who was knighted in 1604 (Shaw, Knights, vol. 2, 134)Google Scholar, arrested Henry Oven and other printers and publishers of seditious books who were on their way to Ireland in July 1601. (A.P.C. 1601-4, 85.)

162. Henry Oven, or Owen, was the brother of Nicholas Owen (alias Little John), the Jesuit lay-brother who was well known as a constructor of hiding holes, and who died under torture in the Tower in 1606. Henry Oven was in the Clink in 1595. (C.R.S., vol. 2, 285.) On 3 May 1600 Sir William Waad wrote to Cecil that Oven (who had been in the Clink and had then escaped from the White Lion prison) had printed a seditious pamphlet in Northamptonshire. (HM.C. Salisbury, vol. 10, 136.) On 13 July 1601 Oven was arrested by Walter Chetwynd in the Midlands while he was on his way to Ireland with other persons suspected of printing and publishing seditious books. (A.P.O. 1601-4, 85.) He was associated with William Wrench and Laurence Warren in printing Catholic books, and had actually printed some while in the Clink. (H. R. Plomer, Bishop Bancroft and a Catholic Press, in The Library, New series, vol. 8 (1907), 164-176.) In March 1604/5 Henry Oven of the parish of St. Bartholomew the Great was indicted for recusancy; his old associate William Wrench, also of St. Bartholomew's, was indicted at the same time. (C.R.S., vol. 34, 5.) He was still active in the Catholic book trade in 1624, for Gee mentioned him — “Henry Ouen, brother to that Ouen who ript out his own bowels in the Tower, being imprisoned for the Gunpowder treason”.

163. In 1604 William Jones, a printer, alleged that two brothers named Warren had printed R. Doleman's Conference about the next Succession at the house of Sir Edward Brabazon in Staffordshire during the late 1590s, and that they had later printed in association with William Wrench (see infra 256) until they were discovered by Sir Edward Littleton. (H. R. Plomer, Bishop Bancroft and a Catholic Press, in The Library, New series, vol. 8 (1907), 164-176.) The connection between William Wrench and Warren is confirmed by Udall's letter of 28 August 1609. (See infra 255.)

In 1609 Udall reported that Laurence Warren or Waring had printed Papist books at Brentford and Bethnal Green (see infra 244), and that he had printed Dolabella's Prurit-anus (see infra 243) in the Midlands (see infra 255).

On 24 July 1609 Udall reported that Warren's alias was Wilson. (See infra 244.) Mr. A. F. Allison has made the interesting suggestion that Laurence Warren may in fact have been the same person as John Wilson, who ran the press of the English College at St. Omer. (See infra 237.) Certainly, if John Wilson had had experience in the craft of printing before he went to Rome, it would help to explain why Robert Persons chose him to manage the St. Omer press. On the other hand it seems unlikely that in 1609 when the press at St. Omer was in its early stages (it began work in 1608 or 1607), Wilson would have had time to run a secret press, under the name of Warren, in England. (See infra 255.)

Apart from this difficulty however the known facts about John Wilson and Laurence Warren can be dovetailed as follows: —

164. John Fowler and his wife were well-known as dealers in Catholic books. Mrs. Fowler was the sister of Dr. Robert, Taylor (see infra 228)Google Scholar, the secretary to the Spanish ambassador in London. (Salisbury MSS, vol. 127, no. 63.) In January 1604/5 John Fowler, stationer, and Ann his wife were presented for not attending church. (M.C.R., vol. 2, 10.) In April 1606 Fowler sent books from the Continent to his wife for her support. (H.M.C. Salisbury, vol. 18, 94.) In July 1610 Lewis Owen referred to Mrs. Fowler as a distributor of Catholic books. (Westminster Cathedral Archives. Main series, vol. 9, no. 52.) In 1624 Gee recorded that two priests lodged at Mrs. Fowler's house in Fetter Lane and that she “trades much to St. Omers” for Catholic books.

It has been said that the John Fowler referred to by Udall was the son of the well-known printer and publisher named John Fowler who produced Catholic books in Louvain and Antwerp between 1565 and 1578. I have not found the evidence to support this statement.

165. See supra 213.

166. John Digby (1580-1653), first Earl of Bristol. Son of Sir George Digby of Coleshill, Warwickshire. He gained the favour of James I, became a gentleman of the Privy Chamber, one of the king's carvers, and was knighted. Employed as an ambassador on several occasions. Created Baron Digby in 1618 and Earl of Bristol in 1622. Although a devoted member of the Church of England, Digby was in favour of religious toleration. (D.N.B.)

167. For Henry Kiene see supra 211.

168. For Anthony Hickmote see supra 215.

169. Sir John Popham. See supra 215.

170. For Oswald Tesimond, S.J. see supra 216.

171. For John Gerard, S.J. see supra 216.

172. Thomas Habington was a convert to Catholicism, and he and his brother Edward became involved in plots designed to aid Mary Queen of Scots. Edward was executed in 1586 for his part in the Babington Plot, and Thomas was committed to the Tower where he remained for some years. He then retired to Hindlip House in Worcestershire, and there harboured many hunted priests. The house had many ingenious secret chambers. After the failure of the Gunpowder Plot, Father Garnet took refuge at Hindlip and was arrested there on 30 January 1605/6. Habington was charged with harbouring traitors, tried in April 1606 and sentenced to death. He was however reprieved, probably at the instance of his wife's brother, Lord Monteagle, who was in favour with the authorities because he had handed over to them the letter which was supposed, according to the official story, to have disclosed the Plot. Habington was confined to Worcestershire for the remainder of his life, and devoted most of his time to antiquarian research. (See his Survey of Worcestershire, ed. by Amphlett, J., vol. 1 (1895), 1–19.)Google Scholar

173. Probably Thomas Wright, rather than his brother William, S.J. (see infra 243.)Google Scholar Thomas was born in 1561. To Douai, 1577. To English College, Rome, 1578. Admitted to the Society of Jesus, 1580. Ordained, 1586. Came into conflict with the authorities of the Society and was expelled. Returned to England, 1595, and put himself under the protection of the Earl of Essex, in order to work for the toleration of Catholics by the English authorities. After arguing with the Anglican authorities at York he was imprisoned. Escaped from Wisbech, 1600, and spent his weeks of freedom in publishing a tract against Protestantism entitled Certain Articles or Forcible Reasons (A. & R. 920.) Recaptured, and examined about his connections with Essex (who was in disgrace after the failure of his Irish campaign). Wright allied himself with the Appellants and thus gained the favours which the Bishop of London extended to the anti-Jesuit party. Expelled from England with forty other priests in 1603. Returned secretly to England in August of that year with eight other priests who shared his belief that James I would grant toleration to English Catholics. After the Gunpowder Plot Wright tried to persuade his fellow Catholics to accept the oath of allegiance. In the same winter (1606-7) his brother William Wright, S.J., came to England and helped to encourage resistance to the oath. But by the spring William was in prison. Until 1610 Thomas continued to advocate co-operation with the English authorities, but in that year when anti-Catholic legislation was revived as a result of the assassination of Henri IV, Wright left England. In 1612 he was in Antwerp, and in 1623 the Vicar Apostolic William Bishop appointed Wright a member of his chapter. Thomas Wright died shortly afterwards. (Stroud, T. A., Father Thomas Wright, a Test Case for Toleration, in Biographical Studies, vol. 1 (1951), 189–219.)Google Scholar

174. Richard Green, S.J., studied at Douai and was for several years a secular priest in England. He spent some time in prison. He long wished to become a Jesuit and was admitted to the Society about 1606. Gee referred in 1624 to “F. Greene, lodging over against Northampton stables”; this may have been Richard Green. (Foley, Records, vol. 7, 315.)

175. Duck Lane ran north from Little Britain to West Smithfield. (H. A. Harben, Dictionary of London (1918), 206.)

176. For Richard Fulwood, S.J. see supra 219.

177. No such letter from Sir John Popham is to be found in the Salisbury MSS or in the State Papers Domestic.

178. Printing press.

179. George Black well. See supra 219.Google Scholar

180. The Charterhouse lay between Goswell Road and St. John's Street, Cierken-well. At this date it was owned by the Earl of Suffolk, who sold it to Thomas Sutton in 1611. (H. A. Harben, Dictionary of London (1918), 135.)

181. Described in February 1612/3 as John Wragge, alias Bonnye, messenger. (C.R.S., vol. 34, 87.) In September 1635 the Court of High Commission enquired into the case of John Wragge and other pursuivants who failed to surrender certain sums of money to the Exchequer. (Recusant History, vol. 5 (1960), 247, 252.)

182. The Leake referred to may have been either William or James (both of St. Sepulchre's parish) who were indicted for recusancy in May 1610. (C.R.S., vol. 34, 47.) It was probably not the priest Thomas Leake (see infra 236).

183. Sir John Popham died on 10 June 1607.

184. By “my Lord of Northampton's book” is probably meant the official account of the trial of those accused of the Gunpowder Plot, which was published by Robert Barker in 1606. The title of this work is A True and Perfect Relation of the Whole Proceedings against the late most barbarous traitors, Garnet a Jesuite, and his confederats. Containing sundry speeches delivered by the Lords Commissioners at their arraignments… . The Earle of Northampton's speech having bene enlarged upon those grounds which are set downe. Of the 412 pages which the book contains, 199 are occupied by the speech which Northampton made to Garnet before the latter was sentenced to death (sig. Dd. 1 recto — Eee. 4 recto). The editor explained that the speech actually made at the trial was shorter than the one printed; Northampton had provided a script which was “amplified and enriched … with greater variety of arguments” (sig. Eee. 4 recto).

The answer to which Udall refers has not been identified.

185. Alexander Bradshawe. Born 1572 near Worcester. To English College, Rome, December 1599. Dismissed for lax conduct, April 1600. Went to Douai. Ordained, March 1602, and returned to England the same year. (Anstruther.) Strongly opposed to the Gunpowder Plot, and early in 1606 offered to help find Fathers Gerard and Tesimond whom he regarded as guilty parties. When banished in that year offered to spy on Jesuits on the Continent, and report back to Salisbury. (H. M. C. Salisbury, vol. 18, 382.)

186. For Oswald Tesimond, S.J., see supra 216.Google Scholar

187. Levinus Munck.

188. Thomas Ravis, Bishop of London.

189. Almost certainly Robert Person's work entitled A Treatise tending to Mitigation towardes Catholicke-subjectes in England. 1607. (A. & R. 641, where the date is misprinted 1608.) But perhaps Henry Garnet's work referred to in July 1609 as “A Treatise tending to Mitigation of Equivocation”. (See infra 247.) No 17th century printed copy is known to have survived.

190. See supra 226.

191. Sir John Popham.

192. Levinus Munck.

193. Thomas Ravis, Bishop of London.

194. Robert Walker. Born at Berwick, 1574. To English College, Rome, 1599 Ordained, 1601. Returned to England, 1602. (Anstruther.) Escaped from Wood Street Counter before November 1605. (C.R.S., vol. 34, 6.)

195. The two volumes of the Douai Old Testament did not in fact appear until 1609 and 1610. (A. & R. 107.)

196. This was probably Dr. Robert Taylor who was secretary to the Spanish ambassador in London. (H. M. C. Salisbury, vol. 17, 389; vol. 18, 23.) After the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot he sheltered Father John Gerard, S.J., in his house. (James, Wadsworth, The English Spanish Pilgrime (1630), 25.)Google Scholar In 1606 he took possession of the straw which was supposed to bear a miraculous picture of the martyred Father Garnet, and showed it to the Spanish ambassador. (Foley, Records, vol. 4, 128.) In 1608 he sent his nephew Thomas (who was born in 1600) to the Low Countries to be educated as a Catholic. (C.R.S., vol. 54, 326”.) Dr. Taylor was still in the service of the Spanish ambassador in September 1609. (C.S.P. Ven. 1607-10, no. 600.)

Dr. Taylor was certainly in a position to obtain copies of the Douai Bible soon after publication because his sister and brother-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. John Fowler, were well-known as dealers in Catholic books. (See supra 220.) But there is no apparent reason why he should send copies to the Earl of Salisbury.

197. Spanish troops under the command of Don Juan d'Aguila, a veteran of many campaigns, landed at Kinsale (on the south coast of Ireland) in September 1601 to support the Earl of Tyrone's rebellion. (Bagwell, R., Ireland under the Tudors, vol. 3 (1890), 399.)Google Scholar

198. After the failure of Tyrone to relieve the Spaniards who were besieged in Kinsale by Lord Deputy Mountjoy (later created Earl of Devonshire) d'Aguila capitulated on 2 January 1601/2. (Bagwell, R., op. cit., vol. 3, 412.)Google Scholar

199. Hortensio Spinola, a Genoese, was sent to England to visit the ports of Southampton, Plymouth, Portland, Torbay, London, Harwich, Yarmouth and Dover, and to report on their capacities and defences. He was arrested at Ipswich in March or April 1599. In July 1600 he was in Newgate pleading with Cecil for liberty. In May 1602 he was in the Gatehouse when Udall was imprisoned there. (C.S.P.D., 1598-1601, 174, 178; H. M. C. Salisbury, vol. 10, 245; vol. 12, 168.)

200. The Earl of Tyrone had fled from Ireland in September 1607, and had left Louvain for Rome on 28 February 1607/8. (D.N.B.)

201. In June 1609 the Venetian ambassador in London reported that a spy had informed the Earl of Salisbury that the Pope had conferred the title of King of Ireland on Tyrone. (C.S.P. Ven. 1607-10, no. 536.)

202. Negotiations for peace between the Archdukes Albert and Isabella (the rulers of the Spanish Netherlands) and the Dutch began in 1607, and resulted in the treaty of 1609 which provided for a twelve-year truce.

203. Ernst, Count von Mansfeld (c. 1580-1626), one of the greatest generals of the 17th century.

204. John Thornborough.

205. Richard Bancroft.

206. Sir Laurence Tanfield. (Died 1625.) Appointed Chief Baron of the Exchequer, 25 June 1607. (D.N.B.)

207. Richard Bancroft.

208. Roger Heigham (who changed his name to John Heigham about 1610) was one of the most active publishers of English Catholic books in the early part of the 17th century. He was born about 1568, and settled in Douai in 1603. He prepared English texts for publication, arranged for foreign printers to print them, and organized the manner in which they were smuggled into England. In 1613 he moved to St. Omer. The most active period of his publishing career was from 1622 to 1625 when he produced an average of eight books each year. He died between 1631 and 1634. (Allison, A. F., John Heigham of St. Omer, in Recusant History, vol. 4 (1958), 226–242.)Google Scholar

209. Thomas Leeke. Born in Staffordshire, 1565. Arrived at Valladolid in 1596 and was ordained there. In the Clink, 1602. In Paris, May 1603. Left England to visit Rome, July 1610. In prison in London for many years from 1614 onwards. Released, 1633. Died in London before 1638. (Anstruther.)

210. Thomas Ravis.

211. Sir Francis Popham. (1573-1644.) Soldier and politician. The only son of Sir John Popham. L.C.J. (D.N.B.)

212. Pemmarton was a servant of Sir, John Popham. (See supra 225.)Google Scholar

213. Michaelmas term normally began in the first week of October. (Cheney, C. R., Handbook of Dates (1945), 67–8.)Google Scholar

214. For Henry Oven see supra 219.

215. Thomas Nichols, alias William Spenser, was a dealer in Catholic books. (See infra 267.) A William Spencer was indicted for recusancy in January 1610/11, and was in Newgate in September 1611 and March 1611/12. (C.R.S., vol. 34, 57, 62, 68.)

216. John Wilson was born in Staffordshire about 1575. His father, who was also named John, was born in the 1540s and was converted to Catholicism in 1620. His brother Simon, who was born in 1601, was a scholastic of the Society of Jesus when he died in 1625.

John Wilson entered the English College, Rome, in 1603, was ordained in 1605, and was sent to England in June of that year.

He was not there for long however. He was sent back to the Continent to direct the printing press of the English College at St. Omer; this began work in 1607 or 1608. At first sight this seems strange since the College was run by the Jesuits, and he was not a member of the Society; but he had been for a time one of the secretaries in Rome of Father Robert Persons, S.J., who was the founder of the College at St. Omer.

He was a great benefactor of the College, and the press which he managed was very successful. During the period of over thirty years when he was in charge of it he produced over two hundred Catholic works.

Newdigate was of the opinion that he died in the late 1640s, but Foley gave 1666 as the date of his death. (Newdigate, C. A., Notes on the Seventeenth Century Printing Press of the English College at St. Omers, in The Library, 3rd series, vol. 10 (1919), 179–90Google Scholar, 223-42; Foley, Records, vol. 5, 422-6; vol. 6, 228; vol. 7, 852.)

217. Ann Dowse, widow, was indicted with others for attending a Mass celebrated by Oswald Needham in 1607. (C.R.S., vol. 34, 31.) In December 1610 (described as being St. Andrews, Holborn) she was indicted for recusancy. (Ibid., 54.) On several occasions between January 1611/12 and May 1619 she was presented for not attending church. (M.C.R., vol. 2, 79, 107, etc.)

About Easter 1610 Lewis Owen seized Catholic books in her house. (Westminster Cathedral Archives. Main Series, vol. 9, no. 52.) She was described as “Widow Douce, a famous dealer”, by Gee in his 1624 list of Catholic booksellers.

218. Whitefriars was a liberty occupying the site of the former Carmelite house on the south side of Fleet Street, between Bridewell and the Temple. (Harben, H. A., Dictionary of London (1918), 624.)Google Scholar

219. Crostes was probably Humfrey Crosse, the pursuivant. See infra 240.

220. For John Fowler see supra 220.

221. Don Pedro de Zuniga. See supra 211.

222. For Richard Fulwood see supra 219.

223. For Roger Heigham see supra 236.

224. Fitzherbert (Thomas), The Second Part of a Treatise concerning Policy, and Religion. The earliest edition now known was printed in 1610 by Pierre Auroi at Douai. (A & R. 316.)

225. [Wilson (John)] The English Martyrologe. 1608. [St. Omer, English College press.] Initialled: I.W. (A. & R. 889.)

226. Apparently no such collection was ever published. See supra 216.

227. The work entitled Triplici nodo, triplex cuneus; or, an Apologie for the Oath of Allegiance was a defence by James I of the 1606 oath. It was published anonymously in 1607; an enlarged and revised edition entitled An Apologie for the Oath of Allegiance, bearing James’ name, was published in 1609.

The replies referred to by Udall were: — Tortus (Matthaeus) pseud. [i.e. Robert Bellarmine] Responsio … ad librum inscriptum, Triplici nodo, triplex cuneus. 1608. Coloniae Agrippinae, Sumpti-bus Bernardi Gualtheri.

[Persons (Robert)] The Judgment of a Catholicke English-man, living in banishment for his religion … Concerninge a late booke set forth, and entituled; Triplici nodo, triplex cuneus. 1608. [St. Omer, English College press.] Anonymous. (A. & R. 630.)

228. On 11 February 1607/8 Francis Atee and Jenkin Marcus were granted the manors of Ashby Ledgers, Sillesworth, etc., part of the possessions of Ann, Lady Catesby, recusant. (C.S.P.D. 1603-10, 403.)

229. Humfrey Crosse was very active in the hunt for recusants. He arrested Father Laurence Worthington in 1615 (Foley, Records, vol. 7, 1092) and was one of the pursuivants who discovered the Jesuit house in Clerkenwell in March 1627/8 (Foley, op. cit., vol. 1, 109, etc.). In 1635 Dr. John South-cote reported a rumour that Crosse, whom he described as the famous pursuivant, had died a Catholic. (C.R.S., vol. 1, 109.)

230. William Atkinson was a renegade priest. He arrived at Rheims in April 1589, was ordained at Valladolid, returned to England in 1596, and was arrested soon after. (Anstruther.) He was in prison with John Gerard, S.J.. in 1596, and was already at this time giving information to the authorities. (John Gerard. Trans, by P. Caraman. 2nd edition (1956), 241.) Atkinson was still active against Catholics in February 1617/18, when he presented Robert Farmer as a recusant. (C.R.S., vol. 34, 100.)

231. John Colleton. Born at Milverton, Somerset, 1548. Educated at Oxford. To Douai, 1576. Ordained and sent to England the same year. Captured with Edmund Campion in 1581. Banished, 1585. In London, 1591. One of the most active of the Appellants. In Sussex, 1610. Assistant to the Archpriest Birkhead by April 1612. Archdeacon for London and Vicar General for the Eastern District of England, 1623. Archdeacon for Kent, 1625. Died in Kent, 1635. (Anstruther; D.N.B.)

232. Thomas, Leeke. See supra 236 Google Scholar.

233. Either Christopher Thules. Born, 1560. To English College, Rome, 1579. Ordained, 1584. Returned to England, 1585. Captured, 1586, and spent several years in prison. (Anstruther.) A supporter of the Appellants. (C.R.S., vol. 51, 117.)

Or John Thules. Born, 1568. To English College, Rome, 1590. Ordained 1592 and sent to England the same year. Martyred at Lancaster, 1616. (Anstruther.)

There were two priests named Thules active in Lancashire in 1610. (D. Shanahan, A Catholic Directory of 1610, in Clergy Review, New series, vol. 46 (1961), 659-63.)

234. There were several priests named Hughes active in England at this time.

235. Alexander, Bradshawe. See supra 226.Google Scholar

236. Edward Cole. Born, 1564. To English College, Rome, 1587. Ordained, 1589. In Hampshire, 1610. (Anstruther.)

237. Probably John Almond alias Molineux. Born in Lancashire, 1577. To English College, Rome, 1597. Ordained, 1601. Returned to England, 1602. In the Gatehouse prison, July 1608. In Staffordshire, 1610. Martyred at Tyburn, December 1612. (Anstruther.)

238. Either Edmund Thomas Hill. O.S.B. Born in Somerset, 1560. To Rheims, 1590. To English College, Rome, 1593. Ordained, 1594. Returned to England, 1597. Captured, 1603. Sentenced to death, 1604, but reprieved. Professed a Benedictine, 1613, Died at Douai, 1644. (Birt, 26-7; Anstruther.) Or Richard Hill. To Rheims, 1587. Ordained, 1589. Returned to England, 1590. In Newgate, 1615. (Anstruther.)

239. Later described as Falkoner, alias Fennell. (See infra 270.) Either John Falkner, S.J. Born in Dorset, 1573 or 1577. To English College, Rome, 1600. Ordained, 1603. Joined the Society, 1604, and returned to England. One of twelve Jesuits banished in 1618. Back in London by 1621. Mentioned by Gee in 1624. Chaplain of Wardour Castle during the siege of 1643. Died 1656. (Foley, Records, vol. 7, 242.) Or Simon Fennell. Of Balliol College, Oxford (B.A. 1573). To Rheims, 1581. Ordained, 1583. At Southampton House, London, c. 1602. (Anstruther.)

240. Probably John Mush. Born in Yorkshire, 1552. To English College, Rome, 1576. Ordained at Rome. Returned to England, 1583. One of the most active of the Appellants. Died, 1617. (Anstruther; D.N.B.) But possibly William Mush, younger brother of John. To Rheims, 1586. Ordained, 1590, and returned to England the same year. Sentenced to death at York, 1607, but reprieved and escaped. In Durham, 1610. (Anstruther.)

241. John Bennett. Born, 1550. Educated at Douai. Ordained, 1578. Returned to England, 1580. Arrested about 1582 and sentenced to death, but reprieved. Banished, 1585. Admitted to the Society of Jesus, 1586. Returned to England again, 1590. Died of the plague in London, 1625. (Foley, Records, vol. 7, 49-50; Anstruther.)

242. Thomas More. Born in Yorkshire, 1565. Great-grandson of St. Thomas More. To English College, Rome, 1587. Ordained before September, 1591. Returned to England, 1593. Travelled to Rome in 1609 with Richard Smith who had been appointed Agent for the English clergy. Except for a short visit in 1610 More never returned to England. Died in Rome, 1625. (Shanahan, D., A Catholic Directory of 1610, in Clergy Review, New series, vol. 46 (1961), 659–60.)Google Scholar

243. Later described as Mr. Halst of Berkshire. (See infra 266.) Various members of the Hulst family were well known as recusants in Berkshire and were listed in the Recusant Rolls. (Cf., e.g. Recusant Roll no. 1, 1592-3 (C.R.S., vol. 18), 8.)

244. For Roger Heigham see supra 236.

245. Foley lists no Jesuit named Marshall or Phillips at this date. There was a Hugh Philips, alias Evans, a secular priest, who was ordained in 1602 and sent to England the same year. He was in South Wales in 1610. (Anstruther.) In 1624 Gee referred to “F. Marshal, a secular priest lately come to towne”.

246. Richard Blount, S.J. Born 1565. Studied at Oxford. To Rheims, 1583. To English College, Rome, 1584. Ordained, 1589. Returned to England, 1591. Entered the Society, 1596 (or 1592, according to some accounts). In 1617 became Superior of the English Jesuit missions. Appointed Vice-Provincial when England became a Vice-Province in 1619, and Provincial when a full Province was created in 1623. Died, 1638. (Foley, Records, vol. 7, 64-5.)

247. Richard Banks, S.J. Born 1568-9. To Rheims, 1587. To English College, Rome, the same year. Ordained, 1592. Returned to England, 1594. Admitted to the Society, 1597. Companion of Father Edward Oldcorne, S.J., who was martyred in 1606. Was at Clerkenwell when the Jesuit house there was discovered in 1628. Died at Ghent, 1643. (Foley, Records, vol. 7, 30-1.)

248. William Wiseman, of Braddocks, near Thaxted, Essex. Born c. 1558. (C.R.S., vol. 9, 11.) Imprisoned in the Gatehouse, 1586. (C.R.S., vol. 2, 267.) Met John Gerard, S.J., in 1591 and sheltered him for several years. (John Gerard. Trans, by P. Caraman. 2nd edition (1956), passim.) Knighted, July 1604. (Shaw, Knights, vol. 2, 135.)

249. Sir William Wiseman's mother was Jane Vaughan, and his mother-in-law was Lady Huddlestone. His daughter Dorothy, however, married William Brookesby, of the Leicestershire recusant family. (C.R.S., vol. 9, 2, etc.)

250. Bethnal Green, a district just north of the City of London.

251. Dolabella (Horatius) Neapolitanus, pseud. Prurit-anus, vel nec omne nec ex omni. Sive Apologia pro Puritanis, et novatoribus universis. 1609. Lutetiae Britannorum, Apud Isaacum Jacobi.Google Scholar

For the Prurit-anus episode see supra 202.

252. William Wright, S.J., brother of Thomas (see supra 222). Born, c. 1562. To English College, Rome, 1581. Admitted to the Society the same year. For many years was professor of theology and philosophy in the Jesuit colleges at Graz and Vienna. Returned to England in 1606, and was a strong opponent of the oath of allegiance. Captured in Suffolk and imprisoned. Escaped, and founded the Jesuit missions in Leicestershire. Died in that county in 1639. (Foley, Records, vol. 7, 871-4.)

253. The Daubrigscourts (Dabscotes, Dabscomtes) were often referred to by Udall as persons concerned in the distribution of Catholic books. In 1603 their house was searched by Sir Anthony Ashley, one of the Clerks of the Council. (Foley, Records, vol. 1, 61.) Joan and John Dabridgcourt were in Newgate for refusing the oath of allegiance in March 1611/12, May 1612 and February, 1612/13. (C.R.S., vol. 34, 68, 73, 86.)

254. Sir William Waad, the Lieutenant of the Tower.

255. For Richard Fulwood, S.J., see supra 219 Google Scholar. Foley does not record “John Wilson” as being an alias of Fulwood.

256. Lady Gray was born Catherine Neville, daughter of the rebel Charles, Earl of Westmoreland (1543-1601). She married in 1585 Sir Thomas Gray of Chillingham, Northumberland, who died in 1590. (History of Northumberland, vol. 14 (1935), ed. by M. H. Dodds. Genealogical table facing p. 328.) He was listed as a recusant in 1586. (Foley, Records, vol. 6, 730.) She was a well-known recusant. In 1606 Sir William Waad reported to Salisbury that she had three houses in and about the City of London which were apparently intended as refuges for priests. (H.M.C. Salisbury, vol. 18, 336-7.)

257. Brentford.

258. Richard Holtby, S.J. (c. 1553-1640) was appointed Superior of the English Jesuit missions after the execution of Father Garnet in 1606. (Folev, Records, vol. 7, 369-70.)

259. The Spanish Netherlands (Belgium) which were ruled by the Archduke Albert of Austria from 1598 to 1621.

260. For Laurence, Warren see supra 219.Google Scholar

261. Bethnal Green.

262. For Henry, Oven see supra 219.Google Scholar

263. For Thomas, Wright see supra 222.Google Scholar

264. For William Wright, S.J., see supra 243.Google Scholar

265. For Dr., Taylor see supra 228.Google Scholar

266. Possibly the Thomas Taylor referred to by Udall on 28 August 1609. (See infra 255.)

267. For John, Fowler see supra 220.Google Scholar

268. See supra 204.

269. Probably Henry Garnet's The Societie of the Rosary. A. & R. (354, 355 and 356) records editions of 1593-4, 1596-7 (both printed secretly in England) and 1624 (printed for John Heigham in St. Omer). The edition mentioned in Caesar's memorandum has apparently disappeared completely.

270. The earliest known edition of The Psalter of the B. Virgin Mary is that printed by the English College press at St. Omer in 1624. (A. & R. 129.) There was a work printed secretly in England in 1598 (with the false imprint, Antwerp) entitled A Méthode to meditate on the Psalter, or great rosarie of our blessed Ladie (A. & R. 541). And The Primer, or Office of the Blessed Virgin Marie was printed in 1599 and 1604, as well as several times later. (A. & R. 680, 681.)

271. Two MS copies of Henry Garnet's treatise on equivocation are known to survive, one at the English College, Rome, and the other in the Bodleian Library. The latter was edited by David Jardine and published in 1851. No copy of a 17th century printed edition is known to survive, but Isaac Casau-bon referred, in 1611, to a printed copy. (Allison, A. F., The Writings of Father Henry Garnet, in Biographical Studies, vol. 1 (1951), 14, 15.)Google Scholar

272. Tortus (Matthaeus) pseud, [i.e. Robert Bellarmine] Responsio … at librum inscriptum, Triplici nodo, triplex cuneus. 1608. Coloniae Agrippinae, Sumpti-bus Bernardi Gualtheri.Google Scholar

273. Dolabella (Horatius) Neapolitanus, pseud. Prurit-anus. 1609. Lutetiae Britannorum, Apud Isaacum Jacobi.Google Scholar

274. [Persons (Robert)] [Treatise of Three Conversions, vol. 2.]Google Scholar The Third Part of a Treatise, intituled: Of Three Conversions of England: conteyninge. An Examen of the calendar or catalogue of Protestant saints … divised by John Fox … By N.D. 1604. [St. Omer, François Bellet.] (A. & R. 640.)Google Scholar

275. Bellarmine (Robert) Saint. An Ample Declaration of the Christian Doctrine. A. & R. (89 and 90) records amongst other editions, one of 1605 which was printed secretly in England (although the imprint reads Doway, Laurence Kellam) and a 1611 edition printed by Pierre Auroi in Douai.

276. [Persons (Robert)] The Christian Directory. 1607. [St. Omer, François Bellet.] Anonymous. (A. & R. 623.)

277. [Southwell (Robert)] A Short Rule of Good Life. [1603-10. Douai, Charles Boscard.] Anonymous. (A. & R. 790.)

278. [Persons (Robert)] A Treatise of Three Conversions of England from Paganisme to Christian Religion, … By N.D. 3 vol. 1603, 4. [St. Omer, François Bellet.] (A. & R. 640.)Google Scholar

279. [Wilson, (John)] The English Martyrologe. 1608. [St. Omer, English College press.] Initialled: I.W. (A. & R. 889.)Google Scholar

280. Fitch, (William) The Rule of Perfection. 1609. Roan, Cardin Hamillion. (A. & R. 306.) William Fitch's name in religion was Benet, of Canfield.Google Scholar

281. [Persons, (Robert)] An Answere to the fifth part of Reportes lately set forth by Syr Edward Cooke, knight. 1606. [St. Omer, François Bellet.] Anonymous. (A. & R. 611.)Google Scholar

282. Higgons, (Theophilus) The First Motive of T.H., Maister of Arts, and lately minister, to suspect the integrity of his religion. 1609. [Douai, Pierre Auroi.] (A. & R. 397.)Google Scholar

283. Bristow, (Richard) Demaundes to be proponed of Catholickes to the Here-tickes. A. & R. (149 and 150) records an edition printed secretly in England in 1596-7 and then nothing until the edition printed at St. Omer for John Heigham in 1623.Google Scholar

284. Gregory, , Saint. The Dialogues of S. Gegorie … Translated … by P.W. [Philip Woodward.] 1608. Paris. [Imprint false; printed at Douai by Charles Boscard.] (A. & R. 367.)Google Scholar

285. [Scupoli, (Lorenzo)] The Spiritual Confici. [1603-10. Douai, Charles Boscard.] Anonymous. (A. & R. 760.)Google Scholar

286. Caumont, (Jean de) The Firme Foundation of Catholicke Religion, against the bottomlles pitt of heresies. [1607-8. Douai, Charles Boscard.] A. & R. 214.)Google Scholar

287. [Persons, (Robert)] Newes from Spayne and Holland. 1593. [Antwerp, Arnout Conincx.] Anonymous. (A. & R. 634.)Google Scholar

288. [Warford, (William)] A Brief e Instruction by way of dialogue, concerninge the principali poyntes of Christian religion … By the reverende M. George Doulye priest [pseud, of Warford, W.]. 1604. Louvaine, Laurence Kellam. [Imprint false; printed at Seville, possibly by Francisco Perez.] (A. & R. 877.)Google Scholar

289. Thomas, a Kempis. The Following of Christ. A. & R. (814 and 815) records an edition printed in Rouen in 1585, and then nothing until the edition printed at St. Omer in 1613.

290. Estella, (Diego de) The Contempte of the World. 1604. Doway, Laurence Kellam. (A. & R. 295.)Google Scholar

291. [Woodward, (Philip)] Bels Trial examined … By B. C. student in divinitie. 1608. Roane. [Imprint false; printed at Douai by Pierre Auroi.] (A. & R. 905.)Google Scholar

292. The New Testament of Jesus Christ faithfully translated into English … By the English College then resident in Rhemes. 1600. Antwerp, Daniel Vervliet. (A. & R. 568.)Google Scholar

293. Torsellino, (Orazio) The History of our B. Lady of Loreto. 1608. [St. Omer, English College press.] (A. & R. 825.)Google Scholar

294. Richard Bancroft (1554-1610). Archbishop of Canterbury, 1604-10. (D.N.B.)

295. Thomas Ravis (15607-1609). Bishop of London, 1607-9. (D.N.B.)

296. Richard Etkins (born 1576). Vicar of Kensington, 1608. (Foster.)

297. George Montaigne (1569-1628). Master of the Savoy, 1608. Later Bishop successively of Lincoln, London and Durham. Archbishop of York, 1628. (D.N.B.)

298. Possibly William, Langton (1574-1626). President of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1610-26. (Foster.)Google Scholar

299. Thomas Morton (1564-1659). Dean of Winchester, 1609. Later Bishop successively of Chester, Lichfield and Durham. (D.N.B.)

300. William Crashaw (1572-1626). Puritan divine and poet. (D.N.B.)

301. James Montagu (15687-1618). Bishop of Bath and Wells, 1608-16. Bishop of Winchester, 1616-18. (D.N.B.)

302. Gervase Babington (15507-1610). Bishop of Worcester, 1597-1610. (D.N.B.)

303. Henry Rowlands (1551-1616). Bishop of Bangor, 1598-1616. (D.N.B.)

304. Sir William Waad (1546-1623). Lieutenant of the Tower, 1605-13. (D.N.B.)

305. Sir Thomas Egerton, Baron Ellesmere and Viscount Brackley (15407-1617). Lord Chancellor, 1603-17. (D.N.B.)

306. Probably Robert Hill (died 1623). Divine. (D.N.B.)

307. Thomas Master (1560-16287). Master of the Temple, 1601-28. (Foster.)

308. John Davenant (1576-1641). Bishop of Salisbury, 1621-41. (D.N.B.)

309. Tobie Matthew (1546-1628). Archbishop of York, 1606-28. (D.N.B.)

310. John Allenson (died 1619). Puritan divine. (D.N.B.; Venn.)

311. Thomas Mountford (died 1632). Vicar of St. Mary at Hill, Billingsgate, London, 1606-16. (Foster.)

312. John Bowie (died 1637). Bishop of Rochester, 1629-37. (D.N.B.)

313. Sir George More (1553-1632). Lieutenant of the Tower, 1615-17. (D.N.B.)

314. John Hardynge (died 1610). President of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1607-10. (Foster.)

315. Possibly John Layfield (died 1617). Rector of St. Clement Danes, London, 1601-17. (D.N.B.)

316. Sir Ralph Winwood (15637-1617). Secretary of State, 1614-17. (D.N.B.)

317. Sir Henry Savile (1549-1622). Warden of Merton College, Oxford, 15851622. (D.N.B.)

318. Possibly Richard Sheppard. B.A. 1591-2. Perpetual curate of Northaw, Herts., 1604-29. (Venn.)

319. Richard Langley (1563-1615). Master of Eton College, 1594-1611. (Venn.)

320. Edward Dod (died 1626). B.A. 1582-3. Rector of Little Canfield, Essex, 1598. Sometime chaplain to Sir Julius Caesar. (Venn.)

321. Thomas Singleton (1552-1614). Principal of Brasenose College, Oxford, 15951614. (Foster.)

322. John King (15597-1621). Dean of Christ Church, Oxford, 1605. Bishop of London, 1611-21. (D.N.B.)

323. Sir Henry Neville (15647-1615). Diplomatist. (D.N.B.)

324. William Charke (died 1617). B.A. 1562-3. Puritan divine. (D.N.B ; Venn.)

325. John Thornborough, Udall's patron. See supra 192, 207.

326. Possibly John Smith (1563-1616). Divine. (D.N.B.)

327. Edward La Zouche, Baron Zouche (1556?-1625). President of Wales, 1602-15. (D.N.B.)

328. Possibly Samuel Ward (1577-1640). Of Ipswich. Puritan divine. (D.N.B.)

329. Sir John Croke (1553-1620). Justice of the King's Bench, 1607-20. (D.N.B.)

330. George Abbot (1562-1633). Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, 1609. Bishop of London, 1610. Archbishop of Canterbury, 1611-33. (D.N.B.)

331. John Barkham (1572?-1642). Prebendary of St. Paul's, 1610. (D.N.B.)

332. Richard Hakluyt (1552?-1616). Geographer. Archdeacon of Westminster, 1603. (D.N.B.)

333. Sir Thomas Parry (died 1616). Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1607-16. (D.N.B.)

334. Anthony Wotton (1561?-1626). Lecturer at All Hallows Barking, 1598-1626. (D.N.B.)

335. Possibly Edward, Simpson (1578-1651). Divine. (D.N.B.)Google Scholar

336. Theophilus, Field (1574-1636). Bishop of Hereford, 1635-6. (D.N.B.)Google Scholar