Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T10:17:04.379Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Broiler chicken body weights, feed intakes, plasma lipid and small-intestinal bile acid concentrations in response to feeding of chitosan and pectin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

A. Razdan ,
D. Pettersson  and
J. Pettersson
A. Razdan
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
D. Pettersson
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
J. Pettersson
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

One-day-old broiler chickens were fed on a control diet based on maize and maize starch or diets containing 30g/kg of 89 % deacetylated chitin (chitosan) or low-methoxyl (34 % degree of esterification) pectin. Feeding of the chitosan diet to chickens significantly reduced body weights and feed intakes compared with animals fed on control or pectin diets on days 5 and 11 of the experiment. On day 12, significant reductions in total plasma cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were observed among birds fed on the chitosan but not the pectin diet in relation to control-fed animals. A concomitant increase in the plasma HDL-cholesterol:total cholesterol ratio was observed among chitosan-fed chickens. The generally reduced concentrations of primary and total bile acids in the duodenum of birds fed on the fibre-containing diets on day 13 may have been an indication of a delay in the production and/or secretion of bile. Viscosity of the three broiler-chicken diets was measured after suspension in water, acidification and finally neutralization of the suspensions, in an attempt to simulate the effect of changes in pH and dilution of diets occurring in the gizzard and small intestine of chickens. Viscosity of the chitosan diet was significantly elevated after acidification and significantly reduced at neutralization in comparison with the control and pectin-containingdiets suggesting that the hypolipidaemic influence of chitosan observed in the present study may be due to interruption of enterohepatic bile acid circulation rather than increased viscosity in the small intestine of chickens. The low viscosity of the pectin diet in vitro together with the absence of a hypocholesterolaemic effect of this diet when fed in vivo precludes any conclusion regarding the hypocholesterolaemic mechanism of pectin observed in earlier studies.

Keywords

ChitosanPectinPlasmaBile acidsViscosity
Type
Animal Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 78 , Issue 2 , August 1997 , pp. 283 - 291
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1997

References

REFERENCES

Åman, P. & Hesselman, K. (1984). Analysis of starch and other main constituents of cereal grains. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, 135–139.Google Scholar
Anderson, J. W. (1987). Dietary fiber, lipids and atherosclerosis. American Journal of Cardiology 60, 17G–22G.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anon. (1971). Determination of crude oils and fats. Official Journal of the European Communities L297, 995–997.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1984). Official Methods of Analysis, 14th ed. Washington, DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.Google Scholar
Bosaeus, I., Carlsson, N. G. & Andersson, H. (1986). Low-fat versus medium fat enteral diets. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 21, 891–896.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cameron-Smith, D., Collier, G. R. & O'Dea, K. (1994). Effect of soluble dietary fibre on the viscosity of gastrointestinal contents and the acute glycaemic response in the rat. British Journal of Nutrition 71, 563–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cassidy, M. M. & Calvert, R. J. (1993). Effects of dietary fiber on intestinal absorption of lipids. In Dietary Fiber in Human Nutrition, pp. 153–162 [Spiller, G. A., editor]. Boca Raton: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Chang, M. L. W. & Johnson, M. A. (1985). Effect of pectin, type of fat, and growing rate on lipid metabolism in rats. Nutrition Research 5, 749–757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deuchi, K., Kanauchi, O., Imasoto, Y. & Kobayashi, E. (1994). Decreasing effect of chitosan on the apparent fat digestibility by rats fed on a high-fat diet. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry 58, 1613–1616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furda, I. (1990). Interaction of dietary fiber with lipids - mechanistic theories and their limitations. In New Developments in Dietary Fiber, pp. 67–82 [Furda, I. and Brine, C. J.M, editors]. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ikeda, I., Sugano, M., Yoshida, K., Iwamoto, Y. & Hatano, K. (1993). Effects of chitosan hydrolysates on lipid absorption and on serum and liver lipid concentrations in rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Sciences 41, 431–435.Google Scholar
Ikegami, S., Tsuchihashi, F., Harada, H., Tsuchihashi, N., Nishide, E. & Innami, S. (1990). Effect of viscous indigestible polysaccharides on pancreatic-biliary secretion and digestive organs in rats. Journal of Nutrition 120, 353–360.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kanauchi, O., Deuchi, K., Imasoto, Y. & Kobayashi, E. (1994). Increasing effect of chitosan and ascorbic acid mixture on faecal dietary fat excretion. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry 58, 1617–1620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kishimoto, Y., Wakabayashi, S. & Takeda, H. (1995). Hypocholesterolemic effect of dietary fiber: relation to intestinal fermentation and bile acid excretion. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 41, 151–161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kritchevsky, D. & Story, J. A. (1993). Influence of dietary fiber on cholesterol metabolism in experimental animals. In Dietary Fiber in Human Nutrition, pp. 163–178 [Spiller, G. A., editor]. Boca Raton: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Maezaki, Y., Tsuki, K., Nakagawa, Y., Kawai, Y., Akimoto, M., Tsugita, T., Takekawa, W., Terada, A., Hara, H. & Mitsuoka, T. (1993). Hypocholesterolemic effect of chitosan in adult males. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry 57, 1439–1444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oakenfull, D. G. & Sidhu, G. S. (1984). Effects of pectins on intestinal absorption of glucose and cholate in the rat. Nutrition Reports International 30, 1269–1278.Google Scholar
Pettersson, D. & Åman, P. (1992). Production responses and serum lipid concentrations of broiler chickens fed diets based on oat bran and extracted oat bran with and without enzyme supplementation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 58, 569–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petterson, D. & Razdan, A. (1993). Effects of increasing levels of sugar-beet pulp in broiler chicken diets on nutrient digestion and serum lipids. British Journal of Nutrition 70, 127–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Razdan, A. & Pettersson, D. (1994). Effect of chitin and chitosan on nutrient digestibility and plasma lipid concentrations in broiler chickens. British Journal of Nutrition 72, 277–288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sandhu, K. S., El Samahi, M. M., Mena, I., Dooley, C. P. & Valenzuela, J. E. (1987). Effect of pectin on gastric emptying and gastroduodenal motility in normal subjects. Gastroenterology 92, 486–492.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shaw, R. & Elliot, W. H. (1978). Bile acids. LV. 2,2 Dimethoxypropane: an esterifying agent preferred to diazomethane for chenodeoxycholic acid. Journal of Lipid Research 19, 783–787.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc. (1985). SAS User's Guide: Statistics. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.Google Scholar
Theander, O., Åman, P., Westerlund, E., Andersson, R. & Pettersson, D. (1995). Total dietary fiber determined as neutral sugar residues, and klason lignin (the Uppsala method): collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International 78, 1030–1044.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trowell, H. (1972). Ischemic heart disease and dietary fiber. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 25, 926–930.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Welch, R. W., Peterson, D. M. & Schramka, B. S. (1986). Hypocholesterolemic, gastrointestinal and associated responses to oat bran in chicks. Nutrition Research 6, 957–966.CrossRefGoogle Scholar