Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T02:10:02.615Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Changes in intragastric meal distribution are better predictors of gastric emptying rate in conscious pigs than are meal viscosity or dietary fibre concentration

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

S. Guerin ,
Y. Ramonet ,
J. LeCloarec ,
M. C. Meunier-Salaün ,
P. Bourguet  and
C. H. Malbert
S. Guerin
Affiliation:
Station de Recherches Porcines, INRA, Saint-Gilles, France
Y. Ramonet
Affiliation:
Station de Recherches Porcines, INRA, Saint-Gilles, France
J. LeCloarec
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
M. C. Meunier-Salaün
Affiliation:
Station de Recherches Porcines, INRA, Saint-Gilles, France
P. Bourguet
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
C. H. Malbert*
Affiliation:
Station de Recherches Porcines, INRA, Saint-Gilles, France
*
*Corresponding author: Dr C. H. Malbert, fax +33 02 23 48 50 80, email malbert@st-gilles.rennes.inra.fr
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The effect of dietary fibre on the gastric emptying rate of solids is controversial. Similarly, the mechanisms by which it modulates food intake are partially unknown. Gastric emptying and proximal v. distal stomach filling were evaluated in triplicate on four conscious pigs using scintigraphic imaging. Each animal received in an isoenergetic manner a concentrate low-fibre diet enriched in starch (S) and two high-fibre diets based on sugar beet pulp (BP) or wheat bran (WB). All meals had the same viscosity before ingestion (100.0–100.5 Pa.s). Viscosity of the gastric contents was measured in four additional animals fitted with a gastric cannula. The gastric emptying rate of BP diet was significantly slower than S and WB diets (t1/2 78.4 (SEM 5.68), 62.8 (sem 10.01) and 111.6 (sem 10.82) min for S, WB and BP diets respectively, P<0.05). For BP diet only, rate of distal stomach filling was steady during the first 120 min after the meal whereas that of S and WB diets decreased in an exponential manner. Numerous backflow episodes from the distal into the proximal stomach were observed for BP diet that generated the larger intragastric viscosity (0.26 (sem 0.03), 0.3 (sem 0.02) and 0.52 (sem 0.002) Pa.s for S, WB and BP respectively). In conclusion, viscosity of the meal or the percentage total fibre, unlike viscosity of the gastric contents, are poor predictors for emptying. The reduced emptying rate observed with BP is associated with major changes in intragastric distribution of the meal absent with WB and S diets.

Keywords

Gastric emptyingDietary fibreViscosity
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 85 , Issue 3 , March 2001 , pp. 343 - 350
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2001

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1990) Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Arlington, VA: AOAC.Google Scholar
Bourns, F, Edwards, SA & English, PR (1995) Influence of fibrous feed ingredients on voluntary intake of dry sows. Animal Feed Science and Technology 54, 303–313.Google Scholar
Brown, NJ, Worlding, J, Rumsey, RD & Read, NW (1988) The effect of guar gum on the distribution of a radiolabelled meal in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat. British Journal of Nutrition 59, 223–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Champ, M & Colona, P (1993) Importance de l'endommagement de l'amidon dans les aliments pour animaux (Impact of starch in animal feed). INRA Productions Animales 6, 185–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cherbut, C, Albina, E, Champ, M, Doublier, JL & Lecannu, G (1990) Action of guar gums on the viscosity of digestive contents and on the gastrointestinal motor function in pigs. Digestion 46, 205–213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, PJ, Horowitz, M & Chatterton, BE (1988) Proximal, distal and total stomach emptying of a digestible solid meal in normal subjects. British Journal of Radiology 61, 12–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, PJ, Horowitz, M, Cook, DJ, Harding, PE & Shearman, DJC (1983) Gastric emptying in normal subjects. A reproducible technique using a single scintillation camera and computer system. Gut 24, 1117–1125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cuche, G & Malbert, CH (1998) Relationships between cecoileal reflux and ileal motor patterns in conscious pigs. American Journal of Physiology 37, G35-G41.Google Scholar
Di #Lorenzo, C, Williams, CM, Hajnal, F & Valenzuela, JE (1988) Pectin delays gastric emptying and increases satiety in obese subjects. Gastroenterology 95, 1211–1215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubois, A (1982) Methods for studying propulsion and retropulsion of the alimentary tract contents with special reference to man. In Techniques in the Life Sciences, vol. P202, pp. 1–18. [Titchen, D-A, editor]. Sydney: Elsevier Medical.Google Scholar
Edelbroek, M, Horowitz, M, Dent, J, Sun, WM & Malbert, CH (1994) Effects of duodenal distention on fasting and postprandial antropyloroduodenal motility in humans. Gastroenterology 106, 583–592.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edelbroek, M, Horowitz, M, Maddox, A & Bellen, J (1992) Gastric emptying and intragastric distribution of oil in the presence of a liquid or a solid meal. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 33, 1283–1290.Google ScholarPubMed
Ehrlein, HJ, Thoma, G, Keinke, O, Tsiamitas, C & Schumpelick, V (1987) Effects of nutrients on gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying after distal gastrectomy with Roux-Y gastrojejunostomy in dogs. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 32, 538–546.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elashoff, JD, Reedy, TJ & Meyer, JH (1982) Analysis of gastric emptying data. Gastroenterology 83, 1306–1312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gregory, P, Mcfadyen, M & Rayner, DV (1990) Pattern of gastric emptying in the pig-relation to feeding. British Journal of Nutrition 64, 45–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haber, GB, Heaton, KW, Murphy, D & Burroughs, LF (1977) Depletion and disruption of dietary fibre. Effects on satiety, plasma-glucose, and serum-insulin. Lancet 2, 679–682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heading, RC, Tothill, P, McLoughlin, GP & Shearman, DJC (1976) Gastric emptying rate measurement in man: A double isotope scanning technique for simultaneous study of liquid and solid components of a meal. Gastroenterology 71, 45–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heddle, R, Collins, PJ, Dent, J, Horowitz, M, Read, NW, Chatterton, B & Houghton, LA (1989) Motor mechanisms associated with slowing of the gastric emptying of a solid meal by an intraduodenal lipid infusion. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 4, 437–447.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hinder, RA & Kelly, KA (1977) Canine gastric emptying of solids and liquids. American Journal of Physiology 233, E335-E340.Google ScholarPubMed
Hornof, WJ, Koblik, PD, Strombeck, DR, Morgan, JP & Hansen, G (1989) Scintigraphic evaluation of solid-phase gastric emptying in the dog. Veterinary Radiology 30, 242–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horowitz, M, Jones, K, Edelbroek, MAL, Smout, AJPM & Read, NW (1993) The effect of posture on gastric emptying and intragastric distribution of oil and aqueous meal components and appetite. Gastroenterology 105, 382–390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Houghton, AD, Lazarus, C, Liepins, P, Mason, R & Clarke, S (1989) Technetium-labelled bran to measure solid gastric emptying (letter). Nuclear Medicine Communications 10, 486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houghton, L, Mangnall, Y & Read, NW (1990) Effect of incorporating fat into a liquid test meal on the relation between intragastric distribution and gastric emptying in human volunteers. Gut 31, 1226–1229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hunt, JN & Stubbs, DF (1975) The volume and energy content of meals as determinants of gastric emptying. Journal of Physiology (London) 245, 209–225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johansen, HN, Knudsen, KEB, Sandstrom, B & Skjoth, F (1996) Effects of varying content of soluble dietary fibre from wheat flour and oat milling fractions on gastric emptying in pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 75, 339–351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keinke, O, Ehrlein, HJ & Wulschke, W (1987) Mechanical factors regulating gastric emptying examined by the effects of exogenous cholecystokinin and secretin on canine gastroduodenal motility. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 5, 287–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latge, C, Thouvenot, P & Kedzierewicz, F (1994) The influence of a lipid loading on gastric emptying and glycemia. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59(Suppl. 3), S782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, AB & Terlouw, EM (1993) A review of behavioral factors involved in the development and continued performance of stereotypic behaviors in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 71, 2815–2825.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lepionka, L, Malbert, CH & Laplace, JP (1997) Proximal gastric distension modifies ingestion rate in pigs. Reproduction, Nutrition and Development 34, 449–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mcintyre, A, Vincent, RM, Perkins, AC & Spiller, RC (1997) Effect of bran, ispaghula, and inert plastic particles on gastric emptying and small bowel transit in humans: the role of physical factors. Gut 40, 223–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Madsen, JL & Jensen, M (1989) Gastrointestinal transit of technetium-99m-labeled cellulose fiber and indium-111-labeled plastic particles. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 30, 402–406.Google ScholarPubMed
Maes, BD, Ghoos, YF, Geypens, BJ, Hiele, MI & Rutgeerts, PJ (1996) Relation between gastric emptying rate and rate of intraluminal lipolysis. Gut 38, 23–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malagelada, JR, Carter, SE, Brown, ML & Carlson, GL (1980) Radiolabeled fiber: a physiologic marker for gastric emptying and intestinal transit of solids. Digestive Diseases & Sciences 25, 81–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malbert, CH, Mathis, C, Bobillier, E, Laplace, JP & Horowitz, M (1997) Measurement of gastric emptying by intragastric gamma scintigraphy. Neurogastroenterology and Motility 9, 157–165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malbert, CH & Ruckebusch, Y (1991) Relationships between pressure and flow across the gastroduodenal junction in dogs. American Journal of Physiology 260, G653-G657.Google ScholarPubMed
Mei, N (1986) Rôle du système nerveux autonome dans la régulation du transit, de l'absorption et du stockage des nutriments (Role of the autonomic nervous system in transit, absorption and food storage regulation). Reproduction Nutrition and Development 26, 1151–1162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, JH, Gu, Y, Elashoff, J, Reedy, T, Dressman, J & Amidon, G (1986) Effects of viscosity and fluid outflow on postcibal gastric emptying of solids. American Journal of Physiology 250, G161-G164.Google ScholarPubMed
Miranda, PM & Horwitz, DL (1978) High-fiber diets in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Annals of Internal Medicine 88, 482–486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, JG, Dubois, A, Christian, PE, Elgin, D & Alazraki, N (1986) Evidence for a midgastric transverse band in humans. Gastroenterology 91, 540–545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moran, TH, Wirth, JB, Schwartz, GJ & McHugh, PR (1999) Interactions between gastric volume and duodenal nutrients in the control of liquid gastric emptying. American Journal of Physiology 45, R997-R1002.Google Scholar
Morgan, L, Tredger, J, Wright, J & Marks, V (1990) The effect of soluble-fibre and insoluble-fibre supplementation on post-prandial glucose tolerance, insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion in healthy subjects. British Journal of Nutrition 64, 103–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Motulsky, HJ (1999) Analyzing data with GraphPad Prism. San Diego, CA: GraphPad Software Inc.Google Scholar
Phillips, RJ & Powley, TL (1996) Gastric volume rather than nutrient content inhibits food intake. American Journal of Physiology 40, R766-R779.Google Scholar
Potkins, ZV & Lawrence, TLJ (1988) Studies on the effects of composition and physical form of the diet on gastric abnormalities and nutrient utilization in the growing pig. Animal Production 38, 534.Google Scholar
Prosky, L, Asp, NG, Furda, I, Schweizer, T & De Vries, JW (1988) Determination of insoluble, soluble and total dietary fiber in foods and food products. Association of Official Analytical Chemists' Journal 71, 1017–1023.Google ScholarPubMed
Rainbird, AL & Low, AG (1986) Effect of guar gum on gastric emptying in growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 55, 87–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rainbird, AL & Low, AG (1986) Effect of various types of dietary fibre on gastric emptying in growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 55, 111–121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramonet, Y, Meunier-Salaün, MC & Dourmad, JY (1999) High fibre diets in pregnant sows: digestive utilization and effects on the behavior of the animals. Journal of Animal Science 77, 591–599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sagar, S, Grime, JS, Little, W, Patten, M, Gulliford, P, Critchley, M, Bennett, R & Shields, R (1983) Technetium-99m labelled bran: a new agent for measuring gastric emptying. Clinical Radiology 34, 275–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salminen, S, Bouley, C, Boutronruault, MC, Cummings, JH, Franck, A, Gibson, GR, Isolauri, E, Moreau, MC, Roberfroid, M & Rowland, I (1998) Functional food science and gastrointestinal physiology and function. British Journal of Nutrition 80((Suppl. 1)), S147-S171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schade, JH, Hoving, J, Brouwers, JR, Riedstra-#van, Gent, Zijlstra, J & Dijkstra, JP (1991) Technetium-99m carboxymethylcellulose: a newly developed fibre marker for gastric emptying studies. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 18, 380–384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Theodorakis, MC (1980) External scintigraphy in measuring rate of emptying in beagles. American Journal of Physiology 239, G39-G43.Google ScholarPubMed
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB & Lewis, BA (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wirth, JP & McHugh, PR (1983) Gastric distension and short-term satiety in the rhesus monkey. American Journal of Physiology 245, R174-R180.Google ScholarPubMed