Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T12:34:38.523Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Comparison of the effects of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) organic cyanide and inorganic cyanide on muscle and bone development in a Nigerian breed of dog

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

C. Ibebunjo ,
Beryl P. Kamalu  and
E. C. Ihemelandu
C. Ibebunjo
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Beryl P. Kamalu
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
E. C. Ihemelandu
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Effects of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)-borne organic cyanide and inorganic cyanide in the form of sodium cyanide on bone and muscle development were investigated in eighteen dogs of Nigerian breed. After 16 weeks of stabilization in the laboratory from the time of purchase when the dogs were fed on the same diet, they were randomly assigned to three experimental groups of six dogs each. The control group was fed on rice while the other two groups were fed on either cassava (gari) or rice plus cyanide. The three diets were made isoenergetic and isonitrogenous by varying the quantity of meat incorporated into them. The results obtained after 14 weeks of feeding the respective diets indicated that there was retardation of muscle development in the gari-fed dogs. This may have resulted from gluconeogenesis from muscle protein associated with suppression of production of insulin by the pancreas in this group. The results indicated also that the effects of inorganic dietary cyanides on muscle development were different. Both forms of dietary cyanides, however, had no adverse effect on bone development

Keywords

CyanideMuscleBoneGrowthDogs
Type
Nutritional Effects of Natural Toxicants
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 68 , Issue 2 , September 1992 , pp. 483 - 491
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1992

References

REFERENCES

Abu-Bakare, A., Gill, G. V., Taylor, R. & Alberti, K. G. M. M. (1986). Tropical or malnutrition-related diabetes: A real syndrome? Lancet i, 1135–1138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aina, J. A., Stratman, F. W. & Tompkins, W. A. (1968). The economics and performance of growing finishing swine on maize or maize and cassava as carbohydrate source. Nigerian Agricultural Journal 5, 21–23.Google Scholar
Armstrong, R. B., Saubert, C. W. IV, Secherman, H. J. & Taylor, C. R. (1982). Distribution of fibre types in locomotory muscles of dogs. American Journal of Anatomy 163, 87–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ayangade, S. O., Oyelola, O. O. & Oke, O. L. (1982). A preliminary study of amniotic and serum thiocyanate levels in cassava-eating women. Nutrition Reports International 26, 73–76.Google Scholar
Brown, J. G., Bates, P. C., Holiday, M. A. & Millward, D. J. (1981). Thyroid hormones and muscle protein turnover: The effect of thyroid hormone deficiency and replacement in the thyroidectomized and hypophysectomized rats. Biochemical Journal 194, 771–782.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, J. G. & Millward, D. J. (1983). Dose response of protein turnover in rat skeletal muscle to triiodothyronine treatment. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 757, 182–190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeLange, F., Thilly, C. H., & Ermans, A. M. (1980). Endemic goitre in Kiku, Africa: focus on cassava. In Role of Cassava in the Aetiology of Endemic Goitre and Cretinism. International Development Research Centre Monograph no. 136-e, pp. 29–36. [Ermans, A. M.Mbulanoko, N. M., Delange, F. and Ahluwalia, R., editors]. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.Google Scholar
DeMartino, G. N. & Goldberg, A. L. (1978). Thyroid hormones control lysosomal enzyme activities in liver and skeletal muscle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 75, 1369–1373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubowitz, V. & Brooke, M. H. (1973). Muscle Biopsy: A Modern Approach. London: W. B. Saunders.Google Scholar
Ekpechi, O. L. (1973). Endemic goitre and high cassava diets in Eastern Nigeria. In Chronic Cassava Toxicity, International Development Research Centre Monograph no. 010e, pp. 139–145 [Nestel, B. and MacIntyre, R., editors]. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.Google Scholar
Ekpechi, O. L., Dimitriadou, A. & Fraster, R. (1966). Goitrogenic activity of cassava (a staple Nigerian food). Nature 210, 1137–1138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ermans, A. M., Van der Velden, M., Kinthaert, J. & DeLange, F. (1973). Mechanism of goitrogenic action of cassava. In Chronic Cassava Toxicity. International Development Research Centre Monograph no. 010e, pp. 153–157 [Nestel, B. and MacIntyre, R., editors]. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.Google Scholar
Felig, P., Wahoen, J., Sherwin, R. & Palaiologos, G. (1977). Amino acid and protein metabolism in diabetes mellitus. Archives of Internal Medicine 137, 507–513.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, R. A. & Yates, F. (1967). Statistical Tables for Biological, Agricultural and Medical Research. New York: Hafner.Google Scholar
Garland, H. (1955). Diabetic amyotrophy. British Medical Journal 2, 1287–1290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldberg, A. L. & Griffin, G. E. (1977). Hormonal control of protein synthesis and degradation in rat skeletal muscle. Journal of Physiology 270, 51P–52P.Google ScholarPubMed
Goldberg, A. L., Tischler, M., DeMartino, G. & Griffin, G. E. (1980). Hormonal regulation of protein degradation and synthesis in skeletal muscles. Federation Proceedings 39, 31–36.Google Scholar
Goss, R. J. (1964). Adaptive Growth. London: Lagos Press Limited.Google Scholar
Hayase, K., Yonekawa, G. & Yoshida, A. (1987). Effect of thyroid hormone on turnover of tissue proteins in rats. Nutrition Reports International 35, 393–404.Google Scholar
Hick, S. P. (1950). Brain metabolism in vivo. II. The distribution of lesions caused by cyanide poisoning, insulin hyperglycemia, asphyxia in nitrogen and fluoroacetate poisoning in rats. Archives of Pathology 49, 111–137.Google Scholar
Kamalu, B. P. (1991). The effect of a nutritionally-balanced cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) diet on endocrine function using the dog as a model. 1. Pancreas. British Journal of Nutrition 65, 365–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamalu, B. P. & Agharanya, J. C. (1991). The effect of nutritionally-balanced cassava (Mannihot esculenta Crantz) diet on endocrine function using the dog as a model 2. Thyroid. British Journal of Nutrition 65, 373–379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kok, E. A. & Robeiro, G. A. (1949). Cassava meal compared with ground maize for feeding pigs. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews 18, 5127.Google Scholar
Maynard, L. A., Loosli, J. K., Hintz, H. F. & Warner, R. G. (1979). Animal Nutrition, 7th ed. London: McGraw-Hill Books.Google Scholar
Miller, M. E., Christensen, G. C. & Evans, H. E. (1964). Anatomy of the Dog, 1st ed., pp. 652–653. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.Google Scholar
Modebe, A. N. A. (1963). Preliminary trial on the value of dried cassava (Manihot utilissima Pohl) for pig feeding. Journal of the West African Science Association 7, 127–133.Google Scholar
Nestel, B. (1973). Current utilization and future potential for cassava. In Chronic Cassava Toxicity. International Development Research Centre Monograph no. 010e, pp. 11–26 [Nestel, B. and MacIntyre, R., editors]. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.Google Scholar
Oke, O. L. (1966). Chemical studies on some Nigerian foodstuff-‘gari’. Nature 212, 1055–1056.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oke, O. L. (1968). Cassava as food in Nigeria. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics 9, 272–293.Google ScholarPubMed
Oke, O. L. (1969). The role of hydrocyanic acid in nutrition. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics 11, 170–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oke, O. L. (1973). The mode of cyanide detoxification. In Chronic Cassava Toxicity. International Development Research Centre Monograph no. 010e, pp. 97–104 [Nestel, B. and MacIntyre, R., editors]. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.Google Scholar
Omole, T. A. & Sonaiya, E. B. (1981). The effect of protein source and methionine supplementation on cassava peel utilization by growing rabbits. Nutrition Reports International 23, 729–737.Google Scholar
Ononogbu, I. C. & Emole, I. (1978). The effect of gari on rat plasma cholesterol. Atherosclerosis 31, 101–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osuntokun, B. D. (1969). Chronic cyanide poisoning and degenerative neuropathy in Nigeria. PhD Thesis, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.Google Scholar
Peixoto, R. R. (1968). Comparison of cassava meal and maize as feeds for growing and fattening pigs. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews 38, 6023.Google Scholar
Sihombing, D. T. H., Crownwell, G. L. & Hays, V. W. (1971). Effect of added thiocyanate and iodine to corn–soyabean meal diets on performance and thyroid status of pigs. Journal of Animal Science 33, 1154–1159.Google Scholar
Snedecor, G. (1965). Statistical Methods. Applied to Experiments in Agriculture and Biology. Ames, Iowa: The Iowa University Press.Google Scholar
Sonaiya, E. B., Omole, T. A. & Adegbola, A. A. (1982). Effects of cassava meal diets on performance and carcass characteristics of growing finishing pigs. Nutrition Reports International 26, 365–372.Google Scholar
Stahl, W. R. (1965). Organ weights in primates and other mammals. Science 150, 1039–1042.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tewe, O. O. & Maner, J. H. (1980). Cyanide, protein and iodine interactions in the performance, metabolism and pathology of pigs. Research in Veterinary Science 29, 271–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tewe, O. O. & Maner, J. H. (1981). Long-term and carry-over effect of dietary inorganic cyanide (KCN) in the life cycle of performance and metabolism of rats. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 58, 1–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tewe, O. O. & Pessu, E. (1982). Performance and nutrient utilization in growing pigs fed cassava peel rations containing different cyanide levels. Nutrition Reports International 26, 51–58.Google Scholar
Umoh, I. B., Ayalogu, E. O. & Oke, O. L. (1979). The importance of lysine in cassava-based feeds. Nutrition Reports International 19, 203–207.Google Scholar
Wright, S., Maizels, M. & Japson, J. B. (1956). Applied Physiology. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar