Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T14:26:20.038Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A comparison of the effects of cheese and butter on serum lipids, haemostatic variables and homocysteine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Anne S. Biong ,
Hanne Müller ,
Ingebjørg Seljeflot ,
Marit B. Veierød  and
Jan I. Pedersen
Anne S. Biong
Affiliation:
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway TINE Centre for Research and Development, 0902, Oslo, Norway
Hanne Müller
Affiliation:
Akershus University College, 1356 Bekkestua, Norway Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, The Agricultural University of Norway, PO Box 5003, 1432Ås, Norway
Ingebjørg Seljeflot
Affiliation:
Centre for Clinical Research, Ullevål University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
Marit B. Veierød
Affiliation:
Section of Medical Statistics, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
Jan I. Pedersen*
Affiliation:
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway Akershus University College, 1356 Bekkestua, Norway
*
*Corresponding author: Professor Jan I. Pedersen, fax +47 22 85 13 41, email, j.i.pedersen@basalmed.uio.no
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Milk fat contains considerable amounts of saturated fatty acids, known to increase serum cholesterol. Little is known, however, about the relative effect of different milk products on risk factors for CHD. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of Jarlsberg cheese (a Norwegian variety of Swiss cheese) with butter on serum lipoproteins, haemostatic variables and homocysteine. A controlled dietary study was performed with twenty-two test individuals (nine men and thirteen women) aged 23–54 years. The subjects consumed three isoenergetic test diets, with equal amounts of fat and protein, and containing either cheese (CH diet), butter+calcium caseinate (BC diet) or butter+egg-white protein (BE diet). The study was a randomised cross-over study and the subjects consumed each diet for 3 weeks, with 1 week when they consumed their habitual diet in between. Fasting blood samples were drawn at baseline and at the end of each period. Serum was analysed for lipids and plasma for haemostatic variables and homocysteine. Total cholesterol was significantly lower after the CH diet than after the BC diet (−0.27 mmol/l; P=0.03), while the difference in LDL-cholesterol was found to be below significance level (−0.22 mmol/l; P=0.06). There were no significant differences in HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, apo A-I, apo B or lipoprotein (a), haemostatic variables and homocysteine between the diets. The results indicate that, at equal fat content, cheese may be less cholesterol increasing than butter.

Keywords

Coronary heart diseaseSerum cholesterolDairy productsFibrinolysisCalcium
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 92 , Issue 5 , November 2004 , pp. 791 - 797
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2004

References

Appel, LJ, Miller, ER III, Jee, Sh, Stolzenberg-Solomon, R, Lin, Ph, Erlinger, T, Nadeau, MR & Selhub, J (2000) Effect of dietary patterns on serum homocysteine: results of a randomized, controlled feeding study. Circulation 102, 852–857.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Appleby, PN, Thorogood, M, Mann, JI, Key, TJ (1999) The Oxford Vegetarian Study: an overview. Am J Clin Nutr 70, 525S–531S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Artaud-Wild, SM, Connor, SL, Sexton, G, Connor, WE (1993) Differences in coronary mortality can be explained by differences in cholesterol and saturated fat intakes in 40 countries but not in France and Finland. A paradox. Circulation 88, 2771–2779.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhattacharyya, AK, Thera, C, Anderson, JT, Grande, F, Keys, A (1969) Dietary calcium and fat. Effect on serum lipids and fecal excretion of cholesterol and its degradation products in man. Am J Clin Nutr 22, 1161–1174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clauss, A (1957) Gerinnungsphysiologische schnellmetode zur bestimmung des fibrinogens (Rapid physiological coagulation method in determination of fibrinogen). Acta Haematol 17, 237–246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Roos, NM, Katan, MB (2000) Effects of probiotic bacteria on diarrhea, lipid metabolism, and carcinogenesis: a review of papers published between 1988 and 1998. Am J Clin Nutr 71, 405–411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elwood, PC, Pickering, JE, Hughes, J, Fehily, AM, Ness, AR (2004) Milk drinking, ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic stroke II. Evidence from cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 58, 718–724.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folch, J, Lees, M, Sloane-Stanley, GH (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226, 497–509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forssen, KM, Jagerstad, MI, Wigertz, K, Witthoft, CM (2000) Folates and dairy products: a critical update. J Am Coll Nutr 19, 100S–110S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forsythe, WA, Green, MS, Anderson, JJ (1986) Dietary protein effects on cholesterol and lipoprotein concentrations: a review. J Am Coll Nutr 5, 533–549.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friedewald, WT, Levy, RI, Fredrickson, DS (1972) Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 18, 499–502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haverkate, F (2002) Levels of haemostatic factors, arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Vascul Pharmacol 39, 109–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hegsted, DM, Ausman, LM, Johnson, JA, Dallal, GE (1993) Dietary fat and serum lipids: an evaluation of the experimental data. Am J Clin Nutr 57, 875–883.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hornstra, G (1985) Dietary lipids, platelet function and arterial thrombosis in animals and man. Proc Nutr Soc 44, 371–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoshi, M, Williams, M, Kishimoto, Y (1973) Esterification of fatty acids at room temperature by chloroform-methanolic HCl-cupric acetate. J Lipid Res 14, 599–601.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hu, FB, Stampfer, MJ, Manson, JE, Ascherio, A, Colditz, GA, Speizer, FE, Hennekens, CH, Willett, WC (1999) Dietary saturated fats and their food sources in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease in women. Am J Clin Nutr 70, 1001–1008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacqmain, M, Doucet, E, Despres, JP, Bouchard, C, Tremblay, A (2003) Calcium intake, body composition, and lipoprotein-lipid concentrations in adults. Am J Clin Nutr 77, 1448–1452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katan, MB, Zock, PL, Mensink, RP (1995) Dietary oils, serum lipoproteins, and coronary heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr 61, 1368S–1373S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kris-Etherton, PM, Yu, S (1997) Individual fatty acid effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins: human studies. Am J Clin Nutr 65, 1628S–1644S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kushi, LH, Lenart, EB, Willett, WC (1995) Health implications of Mediterranean diets in light of contemporary knowledge. 1. Plant foods and dairy products. Am J Clin Nutr 61, 1407S–1415S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lorenzen, JK, Jacobsen, R, Astrup, A (2004) Effect of short-term high dietary calcium intake on 24-h energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and fecal fat excretion. Int J Obes 28, Suppl. 1S34Google Scholar
Marckmann, P (2000) Dietary treatment of thrombogenic disorders related to the metabolic syndrome. Br J Nutr 83 Suppl. 1S121–S126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mennen, LI, Balkau, B, Vol, S (1999) Tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen and consumption of dairy products. The DESIR study. Thromb Res 94, 381–388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mennen, LI, Lafay, L, Feskens, EJM, Novak, M, Lépinay, P, Balkau, B (2000) Possible protective effect of bread and dairy products on the risk of the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res 20, 335–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merigan, TC, Farquhar, JW, Williams, JH, Sokolow, M (1959) Effect of chylomicrons on the fibrinolytic activity of normal human plasma in vitro. Circ Res 7, 205–209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moss, M (2002) Does milk cause coronary heart disease?. J Nutr Environ Med 12, 207–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moss, M, Freed, D (2003) The cow and the coronary: epidemiology, biochemistry and immunology. Int J Cardiol 87, 203–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nakajima, H, Suzuki, Y, Hirota, T (1992) Cholesterol-lowering activity of ropy fermented milk. J Food Sci 57, 1327–1329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ness, AR, Smith, GD, Hart, C (2001) Milk, coronary heart disease and mortality. J Epidemiol Community Health 55, 379–382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Grady, H, Kelly, C, Bouchier-Hayes, D, Leahy, A (2002) Homocysteine and occlusive arterial disease. Br J Surg 89, 838–844.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ouwehand, AC, Soumalainen, T, Tøllkø, S, Salminen, S (2001) In vitro adhesion of propionic acid bacteria to human intestinal mucus. Le Lait 82, 123–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pereira, MA, Jacobs, DR, Jr, van, Horn, L, Slattery, ML, Kartashov, AI, Ludwig, DS (2002) Dairy consumption, obesity, and the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: the CARDIA study. JAMA 287, 2081–2089.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pietinen, P, Vartiainen, E, Seppanen, R, Aro, A, Puska, P (1996) Changes in diet in Finland from 1972 to 1992: impact on coronary heart disease risk. Prev Med 25, 243–250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ranby, M, Nguyen, G, Scarabin, PY, Samama, M (1989 a) Immunoreactivity of tissue plasminogen activator and of its inhibitor complexes. Biochemical and multicenter validation of a two site immunosorbent assay. Thromb Haemost 61, 409–414.Google ScholarPubMed
Ranby, M, Sundell, IB, Nilsson, TK (1989 b) Blood collection in strong acidic citrate anticoagulant used in a study of dietary influence on basal tPA activity. Thromb Haemost 62, 917–922.Google Scholar
Renaud, S, Lanzmann-Petithory, D (2001) Coronary heart disease: dietary links and pathogenesis. Public Health Nutr 4, 459–474.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Samuelson, G, Bratteby, LE, Mohsen, R, Vessby, B (2001) Dietary fat intake in healthy adolescents: inverse relationships between the estimated intake of saturated fatty acids and serum cholesterol. Br J Nutr 85, 333–341.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smedman, AEM, Gustafsson, IB, Berglund, LGT, Vessby, BOH (1999) Pentadecanoic acid in serum as a marker for intake of milk fat: relations between intake of milk fat and metabolic risk factors. Am J Clin Nutr 69, 22–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
St, Onge, MP, Farnworth, ER, Jones PJ (2000) Consumption of fermented and nonfermented dairy products: effects on cholesterol concentrations and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 71, 674–681.Google Scholar
Tavani, A, Gallus, S, Negri, E, La, Vecchia C (2002) Milk, dairy products, and coronary heart disease. J Epidemiol Community Health 56, 471–472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tholstrup, T, Hoy, CE, Andersen, LN, Christensen, RD, Sandstrom, B (2004) Does fat in milk, butter and cheese affect blood lipids and cholesterol differently?. J Am Coll Nutr 23, 169–176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, WA, Hartroft, WS (1959) Myocardial infarction in rats fed diets containing high fat, cholesterol, thiouracil, and sodium cholate. Circulation 19, 65–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wald, DS, Law, M, Morris, JK (2002) Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease: evidence on causality from a meta-analysis. BMJ 325, 1202CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolever, TM, Fernandes, J, Rao, AV (1996) Serum acetate:propionate ratio is related to serum cholesterol in men but not women. J Nutr 126, 2790–2797.Google Scholar
Yacowitz, H, Fleischman, AI, Bierenbaum, ML (1965) Effect of oral calcium upon serum lipids in man. Br Med J i, 1352–1354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zarate, G, Morata, D, Chaia, AP, Gonzalez, SN (2002) Adhesion of dairy propionibacteria to intestinal epithelial tissue in vitro and in vivo. J Food Prot 65, 534–539.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed