Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T10:55:15.229Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Critical evaluation of the factorial and heart-rate recording methods for the determination of energy expenditure of free-living elderly people

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Beatrice Morio ,
Patrick Ritz ,
Elisabeth Verdier ,
Christophe Montaurier ,
Bernard Beaufrere  and
Michel Vermorel
Beatrice Morio
Affiliation:
CRNH, Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire de Nutrition Humaine, BP 321-58 rue Montalembert, 63009 Clermont-Ferrand cédex 1, France
Patrick Ritz
Affiliation:
CRNH, Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire de Nutrition Humaine, BP 321-58 rue Montalembert, 63009 Clermont-Ferrand cédex 1, France
Elisabeth Verdier
Affiliation:
CRNH, Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire de Nutrition Humaine, BP 321-58 rue Montalembert, 63009 Clermont-Ferrand cédex 1, France
Christophe Montaurier
Affiliation:
CRNH, Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire de Nutrition Humaine, BP 321-58 rue Montalembert, 63009 Clermont-Ferrand cédex 1, France
Bernard Beaufrere
Affiliation:
CRNH, Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire de Nutrition Humaine, BP 321-58 rue Montalembert, 63009 Clermont-Ferrand cédex 1, France
Michel Vermorel
Affiliation:
INRA, U. Métabolismes énérgétique et lipidique, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The aim of the present study was to validate against the doubly-labelled water (DLW) technique the factorial method and the heart rate (HR) recording method for determining daily energy expenditure (DEE) of elderly people in free-living conditions. The two methods were first calibrated and validated in twelve healthy subjects (six males and six females; 70·1 (sd 2·7) years) from opencircuit whole-body indirect calorimetry measurements during three consecutive days and during 1 d respectively. Mean energy costs of the various usual activities were determined for each subject using the factorial method, and individual relationships were set up between HR and energy expenditure for the HR recording method. In free-living conditions, DEE was determined over the same period of time by the DLW, the factorial and the HR recording methods during 17, 14 and 4 d respectively. Mean free-living DEE values for men estimated using the DLW, the factorial and the HR recording methods were 12·8 (sd 3·1), 12·7 (sd 2·2) and 13·5 (sd 2·7) MJ/d respectively. Mean free-living DEE values for women were 9·6 (sd 0·8), 8·8 (sd 1·2) and 10·2 (sd 1·5) MJ/d respectively. No significant differences were found between the three methods for either sex, using the Bland & Altman (1986) test. Mean differences in DEE of men were -0·9 (sd 11·8) % between the factorial and DLW methods, and +4·7 (sd 16·1) % between the HR recording and DLW methods. Similarly, in women, mean differences were -7·7 (sd 12·7) % between the factorial and DLW methods, and +5·9 (sd 8·8) % between the HR recording and DLW methods. It was concluded that the factorial and the HR recording methods are satisfactory alternatives to the DLW method when considering the mean DEE of a group of subjects. Furthermore, mean energy costs of activities calculated in the present study using the factorial method were shown to be suitable for determining free-living DEE of elderly people when the reference value (i.e. sleeping metabolic rate) is accurately measured.

Keywords

Energy expenditureFree-living conditionsElderly
Type
Human and Clinical Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 78 , Issue 5 , November 1997 , pp. 709 - 722
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1997

References

REFERENCES

Acheson, K. J., Campbell, I. T., Edholm, O. G., Miller, D. S. & Stock, M. J. (1980) The measurement of daily energy expenditure: an evaluation of some techniques. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33, 1155–1164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bitar, A., Vermorel, M., Fellmann, N., Bedu, M., Chamoux, A. & Coudert, J. (1996) Heart-rate recording method validated by whole-body indirect calorimetry in 10-year-old children. Journal of Applied Physiology 81, 1169–1173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, A. E. (1996) Physical activity levels from a meta-analysis of doubly labeled water studies for validating energy intake as measured by dietary assessment. Nutrition Reviews 54, 170–174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Black, A. E., Coward, W. A., Cole, T. J. & Prentice, A. M. (1996) Human energy expenditure in affluent societies: an analysis of 574 doubly-labelled water measurements. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50, 72–92.Google ScholarPubMed
Bland, J. M. & Altman, D. G. (1986) Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 1, 307–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calloway, D. H. & Zanni, E. (1980) Energy requirements and energy expenditure of elderly men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33, 2088–2092.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ceesay, S. M., Prentice, A. M., Day, K. C., Murgatroyd, P. R., Goldberg, G. R. & Scott, W. (1989) The use of heart rate monitoring in the estimation of energy expenditure: a validation study using indirect whole-body calorimetry. British Journal of Nutrition 61, 175–186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christensen, C. C., Frey, H. M. M., Foenstelien, E., Aadland, E. & Refsum, H. E. (1983). A critical evaluation of energy expenditure estimates based on individual O2 consumption/heart rate curves and average daily heart rate. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 37, 468–472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cole, T. J. & Coward, W. A. (1992) Precision and accuracy of doubly labeled water energy expenditure by multipoint and two-point methods. American Journal of Physiology 263, E965–E973.Google ScholarPubMed
Dalosso, H. M., Morgan, K., Bassey, E. J., Jebrahim, S. B., Fentem, P. H. & Avie, T. H. D. (1988) Levels of customary physical activity among the old and the very old living at home. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 42, 121–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elia, M. (1991). Energy equivalents of CO2 and their importance in assessing energy expenditure when using tracer techniques. American Journal of Physiology 260, E75–E88.Google ScholarPubMed
Emons, H. J. G., Groenenboom, D. C., Westerterp, K. R. & Saris, W. H. M. (1992). Comparison of heart rate monitoring combined with indirect calorimetry and the doubly labelled water (2H 18O) method for the measurement of energy expenditure in children. European Journal of Applied Physiology 65, 99–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (1985) Energy and Protein Requirements. Technical Report Series no. 724. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Forbes, G. B. & Reina, J. C. (1976) Adult lean body mass declines with age: some longitudinal observations. Metabolism 19, 653–663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geissler, C. A., Dzumbira, T. M. & Noor, M. I. (1986) Validation of a field technique for the measurement of energy expenditure: factorial method versus continuous respirometry. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 44, 596–602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gonfiantini, R. (1978) Standards for stable isotope measurements in natural compounds. Nature 271, 534–536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goran, M. I. & Poehlman, E. T. (1992) Total energy expenditure and energy requirements in healthy elderly persons. American Journal of Physiology 263, E950–E957.Google Scholar
Livingstone, B. E., Coward, W. A., Prentice, A. M., Davies, P. S. W., Strain, J. J., McKenna, P. G., Mahoney, C. A., White, J. A., Steward, C. M. & Kerr, M. J. J. (1992). Daily energy expenditure in free-living children: comparison of heart-rate monitoring with the doubly labeled water (2H18O) method. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56, 343–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Livingstone, B. E., Prentice, A. M., Coward, W. A., Ceesay, S. M., Strain, J. J., McKenna, P. G., Nevin, G. B., Barker, M. E. & Hickey, R. J. (1990) Simultaneous measurement of free-living energy expenditure by the doubly labeled water method and heart-rate monitoring. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, 59–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pannemans, D. L. E. & Westerterp, K. R. (1993) Estimation of energy intake to feed subjects at energy balance as verified with doubly labelled water: a study in the elderly. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 47, 490–496.Google Scholar
Patrick, J. M., Bassey, E. J., Irving, J. M., Blecher, A. & Fentem, P. H. (1986) Objective measurements of customary physical activity in elderly men and women before and after retirement. Quaterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 71, 47–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prentice, A. M. (1992) Energy expenditure in the elderly. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46, S21–S28.Google ScholarPubMed
Ritz, P., Cole, T. J., Couet, C. & Coward, W. A. (1996) Precision of DLW energy expenditure measurements: contribution of natural abundance variations. American Journal of Physiology 270, E164–E169.Google ScholarPubMed
Ritz, P. & Coward, W. A. (1995) Doubly labelled water measurement of total energy expenditure. Diabète et Métabolisme 21, 241–251.Google ScholarPubMed
Schoeller, D. A., Van Santen, E., Peterson, D. W., Dietz, W., Jaspan, J. & Klein, P. D. (1980). Total body water measurement in humans with 18O and 2H labeled water. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33, 2686–2693.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schoeller, D. A. (1988) Measurement of energy expenditure in free-living humans by using doubly labeled water. Journal of Nutrition 118, 1278–1289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schoeller, D. A. & Hnilicka, J. M. (1996) Reliability of the doubly labeled water method for the measurement of total daily energy expenditure in free-living subjects. Journal of Nutrition 126, 348S–354S.Google ScholarPubMed
Seale, J. L. (1995). Energy expenditure measurements in relation to energy requirements. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, Suppl, 1042S–1046S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheng, H. P. & Huggins, R. A. (1979) A review of body composition studies with emphasis on total body water and fat. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32, 630–647.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spurr, G. B., Dufour, D. L. & Reina, J. C. (1996) Energy expenditure of urban Colombian women: a comparison of patterns and total energy expenditure by the heart rate and factorial methods. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63, 870–878.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spurr, G. B., Prentice, A. M., Murgatroyd, P. R., Goldberg, G. R., Reina, J. C. & Christman, B. S. (1988) Energy expenditure from minute-by-minute heart-rate recording: comparison with indirect calorimetry. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48, 552–559.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vermorel, M., Bitar, A. & Vernet, J. (1995) Calorimétrie indirecte. 3 - Contrôle de la validité des mesures des échanges respiratoires des animaux et des humains (Control of the respiratory exchange measurements validity in animals and human beings). Cahiers des Techniques de l'INRA 35, 63–76.Google Scholar
Visser, M., de Groot, L. C. P., G., M., Deurenberg, P. & van Staveren, W. A. (1995 a) Validation of dietary history method in a group of elderly women using measurements of total energy expenditure. British Journal of Nutrition 74, 775–785.Google Scholar
Visser, M., Deurenberg, P., van Staveren, W. A. & Hautvast, J. G. A. J. (1995 b) Resting metabolic rate and diet-induced thermogenesis in young and elderly subjects: relationship with body composition, fat distribution, and physical activity level. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, 772–778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visser, M., van der Horst, A., de Groot, L. C. P., G., M., Deurenberg, P. & van Staveren, W. A. (1995 c) Energy cost of physical activities in healthy elderly women. Metabolism 44, 1046–1051.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Voorrips, L. E., van Acker, T. M. C. J., Deurenberg, P. & van Staveren, W. A. (1993) Energy expenditure at rest and during standardized activities: a comparison between elderly and middle-aged women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 58, 15–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weir, J. B. de V. (1949) New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism. Journal of Physiology 109, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wong, W. W., Lee, L. S. & Klein, P. D. (1987) Deuterium and oxygen-18 measurements on microliter samples of urine, plasma, saliva and human milk. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, 905–913.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed