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Accepted manuscript

Dietary Pattern Trajectories in French Adults of the NutriNet-Santé Cohort Over Time (2014-2022): Role of Socioeconomic Factors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 October 2024

Hafsa Toujgani Open the ORCID record for Hafsa Toujgani [Opens in a new window] ,
Justine Berlivet ,
Florine Berthy ,
Benjamin Allès Open the ORCID record for Benjamin Allès [Opens in a new window] ,
Joséphine Brunin Open the ORCID record for Joséphine Brunin [Opens in a new window] ,
Hélène Fouillet ,
Mathilde Touvier ,
Denis Lairon ,
François Mariotti Open the ORCID record for François Mariotti [Opens in a new window]  and
Julia Baudry Open the ORCID record for Julia Baudry [Opens in a new window]
...Show all authors
Hafsa Toujgani*
Affiliation:
Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017 Bobigny, France
Justine Berlivet
Affiliation:
Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017 Bobigny, France
Florine Berthy
Affiliation:
Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017 Bobigny, France
Benjamin Allès
Affiliation:
Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017 Bobigny, France
Joséphine Brunin
Affiliation:
Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017 Bobigny, France ADEME, Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie), 49004 Angers, France
Hélène Fouillet
Affiliation:
Paris-Saclay University, UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAE, 75005, Paris, France
Mathilde Touvier
Affiliation:
Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017 Bobigny, France
Denis Lairon
Affiliation:
Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, INRAE, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France
François Mariotti
Affiliation:
Paris-Saclay University, UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAE, 75005, Paris, France
Julia Baudry
Affiliation:
Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017 Bobigny, France
Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
Affiliation:
Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017 Bobigny, France
*
Correspondence: Hafsa Toujgani, email : h.toujgani@eren.smbh.univ-paris13.fr
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Abstract

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While dietary transitions towards more plant-based diets are urgently needed, few studies have investigated current diet trajectories, based on observed longitudinal data. This study investigated current dietary transitions of French adults over an 8 years period (2014-2022), while assessing the diet quality and the role of diverse socio-economic factors.

Consumption data from 17,187 NutriNet-Santé cohort participants weighted for the French Census were collected using a food frequency questionnaire in 2014, 2018, and 2022. Adopting a gender-specific approach, consumption changes in 23 food groups were assessed over time. The diet quality was evaluated using the Comprehensive Diet Quality Index (cDQI) score, categorizing foods into “healthy” and “unhealthy”. The socioeconomic analysis targeted four food groups (red meat (including fresh beef, pork, offal, and lamb), processed meat (e.g. sausages, ham, and bacon), legumes, and wholegrain products), strongly linked to mortality risk and recognized as significant markers of the sustainable diet transition. All analyses were conducted using multi-adjusted mixed-effects models.

Consumption of some healthy plant-based foods (nuts +59 %, legumes +22%, wholegrain products +7%) significantly increased over time; while consumption of some unhealthy foods (red meat -19%, refined cereals -18%, sweetened drinks -15%) decreased. Conversely, consumption of prepared and mixed dishes (+16%), and processed meat (+35%) increased. These changes differed in magnitude between genders and translated into an improved diet quality score (cDQI). Occupational status was linked to longitudinal changes in food consumption, showing increased consumption of plant-based foods among students and higher socio-professional categories.

Our findings provide accurate data on trends and factors for targeted initiatives, guiding strategic interventions for a sustainable dietary transition.

Keywords

longitudinal dietary changesgender-specific approachsocioeconomic factorsdiet quality
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Accepted manuscript , pp. 1 - 29
Copyright
© The Authors 2024