Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T14:03:27.523Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of chitin and chitosan on nutrient digestibility and plasma lipid concentrations in broiler chickens

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

A. Razdan  and
D. Pettersson
A. Razdan
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 9750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
D. Pettersson
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 9750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Broiler chickens were fed on a control diet based on maize and maize starch or diets containing chitin, or 94, 82 or 76% deacetylated chitin (chitosans) with different viscosities (360, 590 and 620 m Pa.s respectively) at an inclusion level of 30 g/kg. Animals had free access to feed and water for the whole experimental period. On days 10 and 18 of the experiment chickens given the control and chitin-containing diets weighed more, had consumed more feed and had lower feed conversion ratios (g feed/g weight gain) than chitosan-fed birds. Feeding of chitosan-containing diets generally reduced total plasma cholesterol and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations and gave an increased HDL:total cholesterol ratio in comparison with chickens given the control and chitin-containing diets. However, no significant reductions in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations resulting from feeding of the chitosan-containing diets were observed. The reduction in total cholesterol concentration and increased HDL: total cholesterol ratio were probably caused by enhanced reverse cholesterol transport in response to intestinal losses of dietary fats. The suggestion that dietary fat absorption was impeded by the chitosans was strengthened by the observation that ileal fat digestibility was reduced by 26% in comparison with control and chitin-fed animals. In a plasma triacylglycerol response study on day 21, feeding of 94 and 76%-chitosan-containing diets generally reduced postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations compared with chickens given the chitin-containing diet. Duodenal digestibilities of nutrients amongst chickens given the chitin-containing diet were generally lower than those of control and chitosan-fed birds indicating decreased intestinal transit time. The reduced caecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations of chickens given chitosan diets compared with the control diet illustrates the antimicrobial nature of chitosan. The fact that the three chitosan-containing diets affected the registered variables similarly indicated that the level of inclusion of chitosans in the diet exceeded the level at which the effect of the different viscosities could be significant.

Keywords

ChitosanChitinPlasma lipidsDigestibilityChickens
Type
Effects of dietary chitin and chitosan
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 72 , Issue 2 , August 1994 , pp. 277 - 288
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1994

References

REFERENCES

Åman, P. & Hesselman, K. (1984). Analysis of starch and other constituents of cereal grains. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, 135–139.Google Scholar
Anderson, J. W., Deakins, D. A., Floore, T. L., Smith, B. M. & Whitis, S. E. (1990). Dietary fiber and coronary heart disease. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 29, 95–147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anon. (1971). Determination of crude oils and fats. Oficial Journal of the European Communities L297, 995–997.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1984). Oficial Methods of Analysis, 14th ed. Washington, DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.Google Scholar
Ebihara, K. & Schneeman, B. O. (1989). Interaction of bile acids, phospholipids, cholesterol and triglyceride with dietary fibers in the small intestine of rats. Journal of Nutrition 119, 1100–1106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, C. (1990). Mechanisms of action of dietary fibre on small intestinal absorption and motility. In New Development's in Dietary Fiber, pp. 95104 [Furda, I. and Brine, C. J., editors]. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Fenton, T. W. & Fenton, M. (1979). An improved procedure for the determination of chromic oxide in feed and feces. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 59, 631–634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flourie, B., Vidon, N., Florent, C. H. & Bernier, J. J. (1984). Effect of pectin on jejunal glucose absorption and unstirred layer thickness in normal man. Gut 25, 936–941.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Furda, I. (1983). Aminopolysaccharides -their potential as dietary fiber. In Unconventional Sources of Dietary Fiber, pp. 105–122 [Furda, I., editor]. ACS Symposium Series 214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furda, I. (1990). Interaction of dietary fiber with lipids -mechanistic theories and their limitations. In New Developments in Dietary Fiber, pp. 67–82 [Furda, I. and Brine, C. J., editors]. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gotto, A. M. (1992). Hypertriglyceridemia: risks and perspectives. American Journal of Cardiology 70, 19H–25H.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hadwinger, L. A. & Loschke, D. C. (1981). Molecular communication in host-parasite interactions: hexosamine polymers (chitosan) as regulator compounds in race-specific and other interactions. Phytopathology 71, 756–762.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ikeda, I., Sugano, M., Yoshida, K., Sasaki, E., Iwamoto, Y. & Hatano, K. (1993). Effects of chitosan hydrolysates on lipid absorption. Journal of Agricultural and Food Science 41, 431–435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inarrea, P., Simon, M., Manzano, M. & Palacios, J. (1989). Changes in the concentration and composition of biliary and serum bile acids in the young domestic fowl. British Poultry Science 30, 353–359.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, I. T. & Gee, J. M. (1981). Effect of gel-forming gums on the intestinal unstirred layer and sugar transport in vitro. Gut 22, 398–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kobayashi, T., Otsuka, S-I. & Yugari, Y. (1979). Effect of chitosan on serum and liver cholesterol levels in cholesterol-fed rats. Nutrition Reports International 19, 327–334.Google Scholar
Krogdahl, A. (1955). Digestion and absorption of lipids in poultry. Journal of Nutrifion 115, 675–685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettersson, D. & Åman, P. (1992). Production responses and serum lipid concentrations of broiler chickens fed diets based on oat bran and extracted oat bran with and without enzyme supplementation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 58, 569–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettersson, D. & Razdan, A. (1993). Effects of increasing levels of sugar-beet pulp in broiler chicken diets on nutrient digestion and serum lipids. British Journal of Nutrition 70, 127–137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sellers, A. F. (1977). Genesis and propagation of motor activity in the digestive tract. In Dukes‘ Physiology of Domestic Animals, pp. 233–239 [Swenson, M. J., editor]. New York: Ithaca.Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc. (1985). SAS User's Guide: Statistics, pp. 1–956. Cary, North Carolina: SAS Institute Inc.Google Scholar
Sugano, M., Fujikawa, T., Hiratsuji, Y. & Hasegawa, Y. (1978). Hypercholesterolemic effects of chitosdn in cholesterol-fed rats. Nutrition Reports International 18, 531–537.Google Scholar
Sugano, M., Fujikawa, T., Hiratsuji, Y., Nakashima, K., Fukuda, N. & Hasegawa, Y. (1980). A novel use of chitosan as a hypocholesterolemic agent in rats. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33, 787–793.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sugano, M., Watanabe, S., Kishi, A., Izume, M. & Ohtakara, A. (1988). Hypocholesterolemic action of chitosans with different viscosity in rats. Lipids 23, 187–191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Theander, O. & Westerlund, E.. (1986). Studies on dietary fibers. 3. Improved procedures for analysis of dietary fibers. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 34, 330–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, P. J. (1993). Physicochemical characteristics and physiological properties of oat (1→3), (1→4)-β-D-glucan. In Oat Bran, pp. 83–112 [Wood, P. J., editor]. Minnesota: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.Google Scholar
Young, D. H., Köhle, H. & Kauss, H. (1982). Effect on membrane permeability of suspension-cultured Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris cells. Plant Physiology 70, 1449–1454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed