Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T16:58:18.905Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of food composition on vitamin K absorption in human volunteers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Birgit L. M. G. Gijsbers ,
Kon-Siong G. Jie  and
Cees Vermeer
Birgit L. M. G. Gijsbers
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, University of Limburg, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Kon-Siong G. Jie
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, University of Limburg, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Cees Vermeer
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, University of Limburg, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The human vitamin K requirement is not known precisely, but the minimal requirement is often assumed to be between 0·5 and 1 x 10−6g/kg body weight. In the present study we addressed the question to what extent circulating vitamin K concentrations are influenced by the form in which the vitamer is consumed. The experimental group consisted of five healthy volunteers who received phylloquinone after an overnight fast. On the first day of three successive weeks the participants consumed 1 mg (2·2 µmol) phylloquinone, either in the form of a pharmaceutical preparation (Konakion®), or in the form of spinach + butter, or as spinach without added fat. Circulating phylloquinone levels after spinach with and without butter were substantially lower (7·5- and 24·3-fold respectively) than those after taking the pharmaceutical concentrate. Moreover, the absorption of phylloquinone from the vegetables was 1·5 times slower than from Konakion. In a second experiment in the same five volunteers it was shown that relatively high amounts of menaquinone-4 enter the circulation after the consumption of butter enriched with this vitamer. It is concluded that the bioavailability of membrane-bound phylloquinone is extremely poor and may depend on other food components, notably fat. The bioavailability of dietary vitamin K (phylloquinone+menaquinones) is lower than generally assumed, and depends on the form in which the vitamin is ingested. These new insights may lead to a revision of the recommended daily intake for vitamin K.

Keywords

PhylloquinoneVitamin KBloodγ-Carboxyglutamate
Type
Human and Clinical Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 76 , Issue 2 , August 1996 , pp. 223 - 229
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1996

References

REFERENCES

Booth, S.L., Sadowski, J.A., Weihrauch, J.L. & Ferland, G. (1993). Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) content of foods: a provisional table. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 6, 109–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conly, J. M. & Stein, K. (1992). The production of menaquinones (vitamin K2) by intestinal bacteria and their role in maintaining coagulation homeostasis. Progress in Food and Nutrition Science 16, 307–343.Google Scholar
Furie, B. & Furie, B.C. (1992). Molecular and cellular biology of blood coagulation. New England Journal of Medicine 326, 800–806.Google Scholar
Groenen-van Dooren, M. M. C. L., Ronden, J. E., Soute, B. A. M. & Vermeer, C. (1995). Bioavailability of phylloquinone and menaquinones after oral and colorectal administration in the vitamin K-deficient rat. Biochemical Pharmacology 50, 797–801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groenen-van Dooren, M. M. C. L., Soute, B. A. M., Jie, K.-S. G., Thijssen, H. H. W. & Vermeer, C. (1993). The relative effects of phylloquinone and menaquinone on the blood coagulation factor synthesis in vitamin K-deficient rats. Biochemical Pharmacology 46, 433–437.Google Scholar
Hart, J. P., Shearer, M. J., Klenerman, L., Caterall, A., Reeve, J., Sambrook, P.N., Dodds, R.A, Bitensky, L.&Chayen, J. (1985). Electrochemical detection of depressed circulating levels of vitamin K1 in osteoporosis. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 60, 1268–1269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hauschka, P. V., Lian, J. B., Cole, D. E. C. & Gundberg, C. M. (1989). Osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein: vitamin K dependent proteins in bone. Physiological Reviews 69, 990–1047.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hirauchi, K., Sakano, T., Notsumoto, S., Nagaoka, T., Morimoto, A., Fujimoto, K., Masuda, S. & Suzuki, Y. (1989). Measurement of K vitamins in food by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. Vitamins (Japan) 63, 147–151.Google Scholar
Lichtenthaler, H. K. (1993). The plant prenyllipids, including carotenoids, chlorophylls and prenylquinones. In Plant Lipids, pp. 421–464 [Moore, T. editor]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc.Google Scholar
Lipsky, J. J. (1988). Antibiotic-associated hypoprothrombinaemia. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 21, 281–300.Google Scholar
Lipsky, J. J. (1994). Nutritional sources of vitamin K. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 69, 462–466.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manfioletti, G., Brancolini, C., Avanzi, G. & Schneider, C. (1993). The protein encoded by a growth arrest-specific gene (gas6) is a new member of the vitamin K-dependent proteins related to protein S, a negative coregulator in the blood coagulation cascade. Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, 4976–4985.Google ScholarPubMed
Sakano, T., Notsumoto, S., Nagaoka, T., Morimoto, A., Fujimoto, K., Masuda, S., Suzuki, Y. & Hirauchi, K. (1988). Measurement of K vitamins in food by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. Vitamins (Japan) 62, 393–398.Google Scholar
Shearer, M. J., Kries, R. V. & Saupe, J. (1992). Comparative aspects of human vitamin K metabolism and nutriture. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology S-13-3, 413–416.Google Scholar
Shearer, M. J., McBurney, A. & Barkhan, P. (1974). Studies on the absorption and metabolism of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in man. Vitamins and Hormones 32, 513–542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suttie, J. W. (1985). Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. Annual Review of Biochemistry 54, 459–477.Google Scholar
Thijssen, H. H. W. & Drittij-Reijnders, M. J. (1993). Vitamin K metabolism and vitamin K1 status in human liver samples: a search for inter-individual differences in warfarin sensitivity. British Journal of Haematology 84, 681–685.Google Scholar
Vermeer, C. (1990). Gamma-carboxyglutamate-containing proteins and the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. Biochemical Journal 266, 625–636.Google Scholar