Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T08:16:01.807Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of mixed meal ingestion on fuel utilization in the whole body and in superficial and deep forearm tissues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Marinos Elia ,
Kurshid Khan  and
Graham Jennings
Marinos Elia*
Affiliation:
Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK
Kurshid Khan
Affiliation:
Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK
Graham Jennings
Affiliation:
Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Marinos Elia, fax +44 (0)1223 413763, email Marinos.Elia@mrc-dunn.cam.ac.uk
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Six healthy lean male adults, given a mixed meal containing 3190 kJ (16% from protein, 44% from carbohydrate and 40% from fat) were studied for the next 370 min using arteriovenous cannulation techniques across superficial and deep forearm tissues. The meal produced no significant change in forearm blood flow or skin temperature. The major differences between superficial and deep forearm tissues were (a) creatinine release by deep tissues but not superficial tissues; (b) the release of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) by superficial tissues and uptake by deep tissues; and (c) the more prolonged large positive arteriovenous concentration difference for glucose across deep than superficial tissues. The similarities were (a) general pattern of individual amino acid exchanges and transient positive amino acid N balance after meal ingestion; (b) consistent uptake of glutamate and release of glutamine (the main carrier of N out of superficial and deep forearm tissues); (c) the magnitude of the arteriovenous concentration differences for glucose, NEFA and total amino acids were related to the changes in their circulating concentrations and to the oxidation of carbohydrate, fat, and protein in the whole body; and (d) increases in the arterio–deep venous and arterio–superficial venous differences for glucose did not result in increased release of lactate, alanine or pyruvate, implying no increase in the activity of glucose–lactate and glucose–alanine cycles between forearm tissues and the liver. This study suggests that in a number of ways superficial and deep tissues can be regarded, at least qualitatively, as behaving as a ‘single metabolic unit’.

Keywords

Metabolite exchangeMuscleSkinAdipose tissue
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 81 , Issue 5 , May 1999 , pp. 373 - 381
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1999

References

Ardawi, MS (1988) Skeletal muscle glutamine production in thermally injured rats. Clinical Science 74, 165–172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baltzman, MA, Andrews, R, Cader, G & Zierler, KL (1962) Heterogeneity of forearm metabolism with special to free fatty acids. Journal of Clinical Investigation 41, 116–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christophe, J, Woden, C & Campus, J (1966) Metabolisme in vitro du tissu adipeux III: Le metabolisme de la l-alanine, du l-glutamate, du l-aspartate, du CO2 et du glucose dans le tissu adipeux epididymaire du rat normal (Metabolism of l-alanine, l-glutamate, l-aspartate, CO2 and glucose in epididymal adipose tissue in the normal rat). Belletin Societe Chimie Biologie 48, 1391–1419.Google Scholar
Cooney, G, Curi, R, Mitchelson, A, Newsholme, P, Simpson, M & Newsholme, EA (1986) Activities of some key enzymes of carbohydrate, ketone body, adenosine and glutamine metabolism in liver and brown and white adipose tissue of the rat. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 138, 687–692.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coppack, SW, Fisher, RM, Gibbons, GF, Humphreys, SM, McDonough, MJ, Potts, JL & Frayn, KN (1990) Postprandial substrate deposition in human forearm and adipose tissues in vivo. Clinical Science 79, 339–348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crisp, JA & Murgatroyd, PR (1985) A versatile and mobile micro-computerized system for indirect calorimetry. In Human Energy Metabolism: Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure Measurements in Epidemiological Research Based Upon Direct Calorimetry. European Nutrition 5, pp. 44–45 [van, AJH Es, editor]. Den Haag, The Netherlands: CIP genevens Koninklijke Bibliotheek.Google Scholar
Durnin, JVGA & Womersley, J (1974) Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thicknesses: measurements on 481 men and women aged 16–72 years. British Journal of Nutrition 32, 77–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elia, M (1991) The inter-organ flux of substrates in fed and fasted man, as indicated by arterio-venous balance studies. Nutrition Research Reviews 4, 3–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elia, M (1992) Glutamine in parenteral nutrition. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 43, 47–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elia, M (1993) Glutamine metabolism in adipose tissue in vivo. Clinical Nutrition 12, 51–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elia, M (1996) Metabolism and nutrition of the gastrointestinal tract. In Recent Developments in Infant Nutrition, pp. 318–348 [Bindels, JG, Goedhart, AC and Visser, HKA, editors]. London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elia, M, Folmer, P, Schlatmann, A, Goren, A & Austin, S (1988) Carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism in muscle and in the whole body after mixed meal ingestion. Metabolism 36, 542–551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elia, M, Folmer, P, Schlatmann, A, Goren, A & Austin, S (1989) Amino acid metabolism in muscle and in the whole body of man before and after ingestion of a single mixed meal. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49, 1203–1210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elia, M, Khan, K, Calder, G & Kurpad, A (1993) Glycerol exchange across the human forearm assessed by a combination of tracer and arteriovenous exchange. Clinical Science 84, 99–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elia, M & Kurpad, A (1993) What is the blood flow to human skeletal muscle?. Clinical Science 84, 559–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elia, M & Livesey, G (1983) Effect of ingested steak and infused leucine on forelimb metabolism in man and the fate of the carbon skeletons and amino acid groups of branched chain amino acids. Clinical Science 64, 517–526.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elia, M & Livesey, G (1992) Energy expenditure and fuel selection in biological systems: the theory and practice of calculations based on indirect calorimetry and tracer methods. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics 70, 68–131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Felig, P, Wahren, J & Raf, L (1973) Evidence of inter-organ amino acid transport by blood cells in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 70, 1775–1779.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frayn, KN, Coppack, SW & Humphreys, SM (1991 a) Glycerol and lactate uptake in human forearm. Metabolism 40, 1317–1319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frayn, KN, Khan, K, Coppack, SW & Elia, M (1991 b) Amino acid metabolism in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo. Clinical Science 80, 471–474.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graystone, JE (1968) Creatinine excretion during growth. In Human Growth, pp. 182–197 [Cheek, DB, editor]. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger.Google Scholar
Hagenfeldt, L, Eriksonn, S & Wahren, J (1980) Influence of leucine on the arterial concentrations and regional exchange of amino acids in healthy subjects. Clinical Science 59, 173–181.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackson, RA, Hamling, JB, Sim, BM, Hawa, MI, Blix, PM & Nabarro, JDN (1987) Peripheral lactate and oxygen metabolism in man: the influence of oral glucose loading. Metabolism 36, 144–150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khan, K, Blaak, E & Elia, M (1991) Quantifying intermediary metabolites in whole blood after a simple deproteinizing step with sulfosalicylic acid. Clinical Chemistry 37, 728–733.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kowalchuk, JM, Curi, R & Newsholme, EA (1988) Glutamine metabolism in isolated incubated adipocytes of the rat. Biochemical Journal 249, 705–708.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kurpad, A & Elia, M (1995) The effect of repeated hand warming in metabolic studies. Medical Science Research 23, 51–52.Google Scholar
Kurpad, A, Khan, K & Elia, M (1994) Effect of arterialisation of blood by hand warming on the interpretation of forearm metabolic studies. Physiological Measurement 15, 139–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mottram, R, Lynch, PR & Owen, O (1973) Forearm angiography during sustained isometric hand grip contractions. Investigative Radiology 8, 22–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paul, AA & Southgate, DAT (1978) McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods, 4th ed. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Plumley, DA, Souba, WW, Hautamaki, RD, Martin, TD, Flynn, TC, Rout, R & Copeland, EM (1990) Accelerated lung amino acid release in hyperdynamic septic surgical patients. Archives of Surgery 125, 57–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pozefsky, T & Tancredi, RG (1972) Effects of intrabrachial arterial infusion of pyruvate on forearm metabolism. Journal of Clinical Investigation 51, 2359–2369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pozefsky, T, Tancredi, RG, Moxley, RT, Dupre, J & Tobin, JD (1976) Metabolism of forearm tissues in man: studies with glucagon. Diabetes 25, 128–135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snyder, WS, Cook, MJ, Nasset, ES, Karhausen, LR, Parry Howells, G & Tipton, IH (1975) Report of the Task Group on Man. ICRP Publication no. 23. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Tischler, ME & Goldberg, AL (1980) Leucine degradation and release of glutamine and alanine by adipose tissue. Journal of Biological Chemistry 255, 8074–8081.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tizianello, A, De Ferrari, G & Garibotto, G (1980) Renal metabol-ism of amino acids and ammonia in subjects with normal renal function and in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Clinical Investigation 65, 1162–1173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar