Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T07:02:27.126Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of polyethylene glycol on in vitro degradability ofnitrogen and microbial protein synthesis fromtannin-rich browse and herbaceous legumes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

G. Getachew ,
H. P. S. Makkar  and
K. Becker
G. Getachew
Affiliation:
Institute for Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim (480), D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany
H. P. S. Makkar
Affiliation:
Institute for Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim (480), D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Determination of microbial degradability of N is important in formulating a sound supplementation strategy for efficient utilisation of basal as well as supplementary diet components. In vitro degradability of N (IVDN) from tannin-containing browses (Acacia cyanophylla, Acacia albida, Acioa barteri and Quercus ilex) and two herbaceous legumes (Desmodium intortum andDesmodium uncinatum) was determined using the in vitro gas-production method coupled with NH3-N measurement in the presence and absence of a tannin-binding agent (polyethylene glycol (PEG), molecular mass 6000). Addition of PEG to tannin-containing feeds significantly (P < 0·05) increased in vitro gas and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and IVDN. The use of PEG as a tannin-binding agent increased IVDN from 28 to 59, 32 to 72, 19 to 40, 32 to 73, 40 to 80, and 26 to 77 % in A. cyanophylla, A. albida, A. barteri, D. intortum,D. uncinatum and Q. ilexrespectively. There was significant correlation between total phenolic compounds (total phenol, TP; total tannin, TT) in leguminous forages and percentage increase in IVDN on addition of PEG (P < 0·05; R2 0·70 and 0·82 for TP and TT respectively). The difference in IVDN observed in the absence and presence of PEG indicates the amount of protein protected from degradation in the rumen by tannins. When measured after 24 h incubation, tannin-containing feeds incubated in absence of PEG resulted in higher microbial protein synthesis than in the presence of PEG. Addition of PEG significantly (P < 0·05) reduced the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis expressed as μmol purine/mmol SCFA.

Keywords

Polyethylene glycolProtein degradabilityTanninsMicrobial protein synthesis
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 84 , Issue 1 , July 2000 , pp. 73 - 83
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2000

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1990) Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, DC: AOAC.Google Scholar
Aufrere, J, Gravion, D, Demarquilly, C, Verite, R, Michalet-Doreau, B and Chapoutot, P (1991) Predicting in situ degradability of feed proteins in the rumen by two laboratory methods (solubility and enzymatic degradation). Animal Feed Science and Technology 33, 97–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barry, TN and Manley, TR (1986) Interrelationships between the concentrations of total condensed tannin, free condensed tannin and lignin in Lotus sp. and their possible consequences in ruminant nutrition. Journal of Food Science and Agriculture 37, 248–254.Google Scholar
Barry, TN, Manley, TR and Duncan, J (1986) The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pendiculatus for sheep. 4. Sites of carbohydrate and protein digestion as influenced by dietary reactive tannin concentration. British Journal of Nutrition 55, 123–137.Google Scholar
Blümmel, M, Makkar, HPS and Becker, K (1997) In vitro gas production: a technique revisited. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 77, 24–34.Google Scholar
Blümmel, M, Steingass, H and Becker, K (1997) The relationship between in vitro gas production, in vitro microbial biomass yield and 15N incorporation and its implications for the prediction of voluntary feed intake of roughages. British Journal of Nutrition 77, 911–921.Google Scholar
Boila, RJ and Ingalls, RJ (1992) In situ rumen digestion and escape of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids in canola meal. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 72, 891–901.Google Scholar
Boila, RJ and Ingalls, RJ (1995) Prediction of rumen undegradable amino acids that are digested post-ruminally. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 75, 583–592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broderick, G (1987) Determination of protein degradation rates using a rumen in vitro system containing inhibitors of microbial nitrogen metabolism. British Journal of Nutrition 58, 463–475.Google Scholar
Broderick, G, Abrams, SM and Rotz, CA (1992) Ruminal in vitro degradability of protein in alfalfa harvested as standing forage or baled hay. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 2440–2446.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broderick, G and Albrecht, KA (1997) Ruminal in vitro degradation of protein in tannin-free and tannin containing forage legume species. Crop Science 37, 1884–1891.Google Scholar
Campling, RC, Freer, M and Balch, CC (1962) Factors affecting the voluntary intake of food by cows. 3. The effect of urea on the voluntary intake of oat straw. British Journal of Nutrition 15, 115–124.Google Scholar
Degen, AA, Mishorr, T, Makkar, HPS, Kam, M, Benjamin, RW, Becker, K and Schwartz, HJ (1998) Effect of Acacia saligna with and without administration of polyethlene glycol on dietary intake in desert sheep. Animal Science 67, 491–498.Google Scholar
Ford, CW (1978) In vitro digestibility and chemical composition of three tropical pasture legumes, Desmodium intortum cv. Greenleaf, Desmodium tortuosum and Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 29, 963–974.Google Scholar
Getachew, G, Blümmel, M, Makkar, HPS and Becker, K (1998) In vitro gas measuring techniques for assessment of nutritional quality of feeds: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 72, 261–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Getachew, G, Makkar, HPS and Becker, K (1998) In vitro rumen degradability of protein in tannin-rich browses and herbaceous legumes in presence and absence of a tannin-complexing agent, polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) — an approach for determination of tannin-mediated protection of dietary protein from degradation in the rumen. Proceedings of the Society of Nutrition and Physiology 7, 34.Google Scholar
Getachew, G, Makkar, HPS and Becker, K (1998) The in vitro gas coupled with ammonia nitrogen measurement for evaluation of nitrogen degradability in low quality roughages using incubation medium of different buffering capacity. Journal of Food Science and Agriculture 77, 87–95.Google Scholar
Getachew, G, Makkar, HPS & Becker, K (1998 d) Tannin-binding agents to alleviate anti-fermentative effects in the rumen. Proceedings of the 3rd Tannin Conference, pp. 57–58 [Gross, GG and Hemingway, RW, editors]. Bend, OR, USA.Google Scholar
Hayler, R, Steingaß H and Drochner, W (1998) Effects of various feedstuffs rich in tannin content on rumen methanogenesis in vitro using the Hohenheim Gas test. Proceedings of Society of Nutrition and Physiology 7, 35.Google Scholar
Jones, DE (1965) Banana tannin and its reaction with polyethylene glycols. Nature 206, 299–300.Google Scholar
Jones, WT, Anserson, LB and Ross, MD (1973) Bloat in cattle: Detection of protein precipitants (flavolans) in legumes. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 16, 441–446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaitho, RJ, Umunna, NN, Nsahlai, IV, Tamminga, S and Bruchem, JV (1998) Nitrogen in browse species: Ruminal degradability measured by mobile nylon bag and in vitro techniques. Journal of Food Science and Agriculture 76, 488–498.Google Scholar
Khazaal, KA, Boza, J and Ørskov, ER (1994) Assessment of phenolics-related antinutritive effects in Mediterranean browse: a comparison between the use of the in vitro gas production technique with or without polyvinylpolypyrrolidone or nylon bag. Animal Feed Science and Technology 49, 133–149.Google Scholar
Khazaal, K, Parissi, Z, Tsiouvaras, C, Nastis, A and Ørskov, ER (1996) Assessment of phenolics-related anti-nutritive levels using the in vitro gas production technique: A comparison between different types of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone or polyethylene glycol. Journal of Food Science and Agriculture 71, 405–414.Google Scholar
Klieve, AV, Swain, RA and Nolan, JV (1996) Bacteriophages in the rumen; types present, population size and implications for the efficiency of feed utilisation. Proceedings of Australian Society of Animal Production 21, 92–94.Google Scholar
Krishnamoorthy, U, Steingass, H and Menke, KH (1990) The contribution of ammonia, amino acids and short peptides to estimate of protein degradability in vitro. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 63, 135–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makkar, HPS and Becker, K (1996) Nutritional value and antinutritional components of whole and ethanol extracted Moringa oleifera leaves. Animal Feed Science and Technology 63, 211–228.Google Scholar
Makkar, HPS, Blümmel, M and Becker, K (1997) In vitro rumen apparent and true digestibilities of tannin-rich forages. Animal Feed Science and Technology 67, 245–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makkar, HPS and Becker, K (1999) Purine quantification in digesta from ruminants by spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. British Journal of Nutrition 81, 107–112.Google Scholar
Makkar, HPS, Becker, K, Abel, H and Szegletti, C (1995) Degradation of condensed tannins by rumen microbes exposed to Quebracho tannins (QT) in rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC) and effects of QT on fermentative processes in the RUSITEC. Journal of Food Science and Agriculture 69, 495–500.Google Scholar
Makkar, HPS, Blümmel, M and Becker, KB (1995) Formation of complexes between polyvinyl pyrrolidones or polyethylene glycol and tannins, and their implication in gas production and true digestibility in vitro techniques. British Journal of Nutrition 73, 897–913.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Makkar, HPS, Blümmel, M and Becker, KB (1995c) In vitro effects of and interactions between tannins and saponins and fate of tannins in the rumen. Journal of Food Science and Agriculture 69,481–913.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makkar, HPS, Blümmel, M, Borowy, NK and Becker, K (1993) Gravimetric determination of tannins and their correlation with chemical and protein precipitation methods. Journal of Food Science and Agriculture 61, 161–165.Google Scholar
Makkar, HPS, Borowy, NK, Becker, K and Degen, A (1995) Some problems in fibre determination of a tannin-rich forage (Acacia saligna leaves) and their implications in in vivo studies. Animal Feed Science and Technology 55, 67–76.Google Scholar
Makkar, HPS, Dawra, RK and Singh, B (1988) Changes in tannin content, polymerisation and protein precipitation capacity in Oak (Quercus incana) leaves with maturity. Journal of Food Science and Agriculture 44, 301–307.Google Scholar
McCrabb, GJ, Berger, KT, Manger, T, May, C and Hunter, RA (1997) Inhibiting methane production in Brahman cattle by dietary supplementation with a novel compound and the effects on growth. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, 323–329.Google Scholar
Mangan, JL (1988) Nutritional effects of tannins in animal feeds. Nutrition Research Reviews 1, 209–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Montossi, F, Liu, F, Hodgson, J, Morris, ST, Barry, TN & Risso, DF (1997) Influence of low-level condensed tannins concentrations in temperate forages on sheep performance. Proceedings of the XVIIIth International Grassland Congress, vol. 1, pp. 8.1–8.2. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.Google Scholar
Negi, SS, Singh, B and Makkar, HPS (1988) An approach to the determination of rumen degradability of nitrogen in low-grade roughages and partition of nitrogen therein. Journal of Agricultural Science 111, 487–494.Google Scholar
Neutze, SA, Smith, RL and Forbes, WA (1993) Application of an in vitro method for estimating rumen degradation of feed protein. Animal Feed Science and Technology 40, 251–265.Google Scholar
Norton, BW (1994) Tree legumes as dietary supplements for ruminants. In Forage Tree Legumes in Tropical Agriculture, pp. 193–201 [Gutterdge, RC and Shelton, HM, editors]. Wallingford: CAB International.Google Scholar
Norton, BW and Ahn, JH (1997) A comparison of fresh and dried Calliandra calothyrsus supplements for sheep given a basal diet of barley straw. Journal of Agricultural Science 129, 485–494.Google Scholar
Nunez-Hernandez, G, Wallace, JD, Holechek, JL, Galyean, ML and Cardenas, M (1991) Condensed tannins and nutrient utilisation by lambs and goats fed low-quality diets. Journal of Animal Science 69, 1167–1177.Google Scholar
Ørskov, ER (1982) Protein Nutrition in Ruminants. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Ørskov, ER and Grubb, DA (1978) Validation of new systems for protein evaluation in ruminants by testing the effect of urea supplementation on intake and digestibility of straws with or without sodium hydroxide treatment. Journal of Agricultural Science 91, 483–486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ørskov, ER & Ryle, M (1990) Energy Nutrition in Ruminants. London: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Porter, LJ, Hrstich, LN and Chan, BG (1986) The conversion of proanthocyanidins and prodelphinidins to cyanidin and delphinidin. Phytochemistry 25, 223–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raab, L, Cafantaris, B, Jilg, T and Menke, KH (1983) Rumen protein degradation and biosynthesis. 1. A new method for determination of protein degradation in the rumen fluid in vitro. British Journal of Nutrition 50, 569–582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silanikove, N, Nitsan, Z and Perevolotsky, A (1994) Effect of a daily supplementation of polyethylene glycol on intake and digestion of tannin-containing leaves (Ceratonia siliqua) by sheep. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 42, 2844–2847.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silanikove, N, Shinder, D, Gilboa, N, Eyal, M and Nitsan, Z (1996) Binding of polyethyelene glycol to samples of forage plants as an assay of tannins and their negative effects on ruminal degradation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44, 3230–3234.Google Scholar
Terrill, TH, Douglas, GB, Foote, AG, Purchas, RW, Wilson, GF and Barry, TN (1992) Effect of condensed tannins upon body growth, wool growth and rumen metabolism in sheep grazing sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) and perennial pasture. Journal of Agricultural Science 119, 265–273.Google Scholar
Terrill, TH, Waghorn, GC, Woolley, DJ, McNabb, WC and Barry, TN (1994) Assay and digestion of 14C-labelled condensed tannins in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 72, 467–477.Google Scholar
Vadiveloo, J and Fadel, JG (1992) Compositional analyses and rumen degradability of selected tropical feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology 37, 265–279.Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ (1994) Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant, 2nd ed. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ & Robertson, JB (1985) A Laboratory Manual for Animal Science 612. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Waghorn, GC, Shelton, ID, McNabb, WC and McCutcheon, SN (1994) Effect of condensed tannins in Lotus pedunculatus on its nutritive value for sheep. 2. Nitrogenous aspects. Journal of Agricultural Science 123, 109–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waterman, PG & Mole, S (1994) Analysis of Phenolic Plant Metabolites. London: Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Weiss, BP, Conrad, HR and Pierre, NRS (1992) A theoretically-based model for predicting total digestible nutrient values of forages and concentrates. Animal Feed Science and Technology 39, 95–110.Google Scholar