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The effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including conjugated linoleic acid, on calcium absorption and bone metabolism and composition in young growing rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Owen Kelly ,
Siobhan Cusack ,
Christopher Jewell  and
Kevin D. Cashman
Owen Kelly
Affiliation:
Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University College, Cork, Republic of Ireland
Siobhan Cusack
Affiliation:
Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University College, Cork, Republic of Ireland
Christopher Jewell
Affiliation:
Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University College, Cork, Republic of Ireland
Kevin D. Cashman*
Affiliation:
Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University College, Cork, Republic of Ireland Department of Medicine, University College, Cork, Republic of Ireland
*
*Corresponding author: Professor Kevin D. Cashman, fax +353 21 4270244, email k.cashman@ucc.ie
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Abstract

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The effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in particular conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), on Ca and bone metabolism is unclear. In a 2 × 2 factorial design study, forty male 4-week-old rats were fed a control diet containing 70 g added fat (soyabean oil (SBO; n–6 PUFA-rich diet) or menhaden oil–safflower oil (MSO; n−3 PUFA-rich diet))/kg diet with 0 or 10 g CLA/kg for 8 weeks. Ex vivo prostaglandin E2biosynthesis by bone organ culture was significantly higher (P<0·001) in rats consuming SBO compared with MSO, irrespective of CLA. Addition of the CLA treatment to either diet further lowered (P<0·05) ex vivo prostaglandin E2 production. Neither PUFA type nor CLA altered circulating or femoral mRNA levels of osteocalcin (a marker of bone formation) or insulin-like growth factor-I (a mediator of bone metabolism). While urinary pyridinium crosslinks levels (markers of bone resorption) were unaffected by CLA irrespective of PUFA type, they were significantly higher (P<0·05) in rats consuming SBO compared with MSO irrespective of CLA. Net fractional (%) and absolute (mg) Ca absorption were significantly (P<0·01 and P<0·05 respectively) higher in CLA-supplemented than unsupplemented animals fed on the n−3 PUFA-rich diet, whereas CLA had no effect in animals fed the n–6 PUFA-rich diet. There was no effect of CLA supplementation on bone mineral mass. In conclusion, CLA supplementation over 8 weeks appeared to enhance Ca absorption in young growing rats fed an n−3 PUFA-rich diet, but had no measurable effect on bone metabolism or bone mass over this time frame.

Keywords

Calcium absorptionBone metabolismConjugated linoleic acidPolyunsaturated fatty acid
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 90 , Issue 4 , October 2003 , pp. 743 - 750
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

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