Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T17:01:30.777Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of protein degradation products in grass silages on feed intake and intake behaviour in sheep

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

M. Van Os ,
J.P. Dulphy  and
R. Baumont
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The effects of NH3 and amines on grass-silage intake, intake behaviour and rumen characteristics were studied in sheep. From a single sward, two direct-cut grass silages were prepared, either untreated (WAS) or with 4·51 formic acid/tonne (FAS). Four experimental diets: WAS, FAS, FAS with addition of 2·9 g NH3/kg DM (FAS + N) and FAS with 2·8 g amines/kg DM (FAS + A), were offered ad lib. once daily to four rumen-cannulated wethers in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Daily DM intake (DMI) tended to be influenced by dietary treatment (P = 0·09). Compared with FAS, DMI was lower for WAS. Addition of NH3 did not alter DMI, whereas amine addition slightly lowered daily DMI. Reduced DMI resulted from lower intake rates during both the principal meal and the subsequent small meals. Lower initial intake rate during the principal meal suggested reduced palatability of WAS and FAS + A. Amines and NH3, however, did not influence chewing efficiency. No treatment effects were observed on total rumen pool size, DM and neutral-detergent fibre content. Furthermore, NH3, and amines did not alter rumen pH, NH3, and volatile fatty acid concentrations to the extent that they could act on chemostatic intake regulation. Amine addition, however, lowered osmolality of the rumen liquid. No treatment effects on rumen motility were observed. In conclusion, daily DMI was not reduced by the addition of NH3, suggesting that NH3per se is not the causal factor in the negative correlations between silage NH3 content and intake observed by other authors. Amines, however, tended to reduce DMI only by their effect at the oro-pharyngeal level of intake control.

Keywords

SilageFeed intakeAmmoniaAminesSheep
Type
Digesta kinetics and feed intake in silage-fed animals
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 73 , Issue 1 , January 1995 , pp. 51 - 64
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1995

References

REFERENCES

Aitchison, E. M. (1985) A of the removal of fibre from the rumen and voluntary intake of sheep eating hay Diets. PhD Thesis, University of Reading.Google Scholar
Baile, C. A. & Della-Ferra, M. A. (1988) Physiology of control of food intake and regulation of energy balanc in dairy cows. In Nutrition and Lactation in the Dairy Cow, pp. 251–261 [Garnsworthy, P. C. editor]. London: Buttenvorths.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butterworths Baumont, R., Seguier, N. & Dulphy, J. P. (1990) Rumen fill, forage palatability and alimentary behaviour in Sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 115, 211–284.Google Scholar
Benahmed, H. & Dulphy, J. P. (1987) Influence de la complémentation des foins traités à I' ammoniaque sur leur valeur nutritive Supplementation of ammonia-treated hay: effect on the nutritive value). Annales de Zootechnie 36, 153–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brun, J. P., Prache, S. & Bechet, G. (1984) A portable device for eating behaviour studies. In 5th Meeting of European Grazing Workshop, [Armstrong, R. and Doney, J., editors]. Midlothian: Hill Farming Research Organization.Google Scholar
Buchanan-Smith, J. G. (1990) An investigation into palatability as a factor responsible for reduced intake of silage by sheep. Animal Production 50, 253–260.Google Scholar
Buchanan-Smith, J. G. & Phillip, L. E. (1986) Food intake in sheep following intraruminal infusion of extracts from lucerne silage with particular reference to organic acids and products of protein degradation. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 106, 611–617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, R. R. & Grovum, W. L. (1990) A review of the physiological significance of hypertonic body fluids on feed intake and ruminal function: salivation, motility and microbes. Journal of Animal Science 68, 2811–2832.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chiofalo, V., Dulphy, J. P. & Baumont, R. (1992) Influence of the method of forage conservation on feeding behaviour, intake and characteristics of the reticulo-rumen content, in sheep fed ad libitum. Reproductio Nutrition Developpement 32, 377–392.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conway, E. J. (1957) Microdiffusion Analysis and Volumetric Error, 4th ed., pp. 468. London: Crosby Lockwood & Son Ltd.Google Scholar
Demarquilly, C. (1973) Composition chimique, caracttristiques fermentaires, digestibilite et quantite's ingtrte des ensilages de fourrages: modifications par rapport au fourrage vert initial (Chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, digestibility and voluntary intake of forage silages: changes compared to the initial, green forage). Annales de Zootechnie 22, 1–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donaldson, E. & Edwards, R. A. (1916) Feeding value of silage: silages made from freshly cut wilted grass and formic acid treated wilted grass. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 21, 536–544.Google Scholar
Dulphy, J. P. (1985) Etude des quantités ingérées lors des grands repas chez des moutons recevant des fourrages ensilés (Level of dry matter intake per main meal in sheep fed forage silages);. Annales de Zootechnie 34,401–416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dulphy, J. P. & Demarquilly, C. (1981) Problémes particuliers aux ensilages. (Particular problems with silages). In Prévision de la Valeur Nutritive des Aliments des Ruminants, pp. 81–104. Versailles: INRA Publications.Google Scholar
Dulphy, J. P., Demarquilly, C. & Henry, M. (1975) Perte de composéts volatils lors de la détermination a l'étuve de la teneur en matiére seche des ensilages (Determination of silage dry matter content after oven drying and losses of volatile components). Annales de Zootechnie 24, 743–756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dulphy, J. P. & Michalet-Doreau, B. (1981) Prévisions de l'ingestibilitt des ensilages d'herbe (Intake predictions of grass silages). In Prévision de la Valeur Nutritive des Aliments des Ruminants, pp. 169–184. Versailles: INRA Publications.Google Scholar
Dulphy, J. P., Michalet-Doreau, B. & Demarquilly, C. (1984) Etude comparte des quantités ingéréks et du comportement alimentaire et mérycique dovins et de bovins recevant des ensilages d'herbe réalisés selon différentes techniques (Comparative study of feed intake, feeding and ruminating behaviour in sheep and cattle fed silages subjected to different treatments). Annales de Zoorechnie 33, 291–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, M., Thiago, L. R. S. & Buchanan-Smith, J. G. (1987) Intake problems associated with ensiled forages. In Feed Intake by Beef Cattle. Miscellaneous Publication no. 121, pp. 341–352. Stillwater, Oklahoma: Oklahoma State University.Google Scholar
Goering, H. K. & Van Soest, P. J.Forage Fiber Analyses(Apparatus, Reagents, Procedures and Some Applications) Agricultural Handbook no. 379. Washington, DC: Department of Agriculture.Google Scholar
Gomez, L., Bogeart, C., Jouany, J. P. & Lassalas, B. (1991) The influence of lasalocid and cationomycin on nitrogen digestion in sheep. Comparison of methods for estimating. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 11, 389–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hole, J. R. (1985) The nutritive value of silage made from Poa pratensis spp. alpigena and Phleum pratense. V. Amines in silage made from the first cut of Poa pratensis or Phleum pretense. Scientific Reports of the Agricultural University of Norway 64, 1–9.Google Scholar
Joosten, H. M. L. J. (1988) The biogenic amine contents of Dutch cheese and their toxicological significance. Netherlands Milk and Dairy Journal 42, 25–42.Google Scholar
Jouany, J. P. (1981) Dosages des acides gras volatils et des alcools dansles ensilages par chromatography en phase gazeuse (Analysis of volatile fatty acids and alcohols in silages by gas chromatography). Bulletin Technique CRZV, Theix INRA 46, 63–66.Google Scholar
Kay, R. N. B. & Sjaastad, Ø. V. (1974) Absorption and catabolism of histamine in sheep. Journal of Physiology 243, 79–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kutas, F., Galfi, P. & Neogrady, S. (1986) Deleterious effect of tyramine on ruminal epithelial cells. In Proceedings of the 6th Conference of Production Diseases in Farm Animals, pp. 149–153 [McMurray, C. H.,Rice, D., Kennedy, S. and McLoughlin, M., editors]. Belfast, Northern Ireland: Veterinary Science Division of the Department of Agriculture and Queen' University of Belfast.Google Scholar
Lingaas, F. & Tveit, B. (1992) Etiology of acetonemia in Norwegian cattle. 2. Effect of butyric acid, valeric acid and putrescine. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 2433–2439.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDonald, P., Henderson, A. R. & Heron, S. J. E. (1991) The Biochemistry of Silage, 2nd ed. Aberystwyth: Cambrian Printers Ltd.Google Scholar
McDonald, P., Macpherson, H. T. & Watt, J. A. (1963) The effect of histamine on silage dry matter intake. Journal of the British Grassland Society 18, 230–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neumark, H., Bondi, A. & Volcani, R. (1964);. Amines, aldehydes and keto-acids in, silages and, their effect on, food intake by ruminants. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 15, 487–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noll, F. (1974) Determination of lactic acid with LDH, GPT and NAD. In Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, pp. 1475–1477 [Bergmeyer, H. U., editor]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Okamoto, M., Waldo, D. R., Miller, R. W. & Moore, L. A. (1964) Histamine levels in forages and dry matter intake of heifers. Journal of Dairy Science 47, 1231–1236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okina, A., Hidaka, S., Tashiro, M. & Abe, K. (1993) The effect of tyramine on salivary flow rate and protein secretion by rat submandibular glands. Journal of Dental Research 72, 879–906.Google ScholarPubMed
Ruckebush, Y. (1988) Motility of the gastro-intestinal tract. In The Ruminant Animal, Digestive Physiology and Nutrition, pp. 64–107 [Church, D. C., editor]. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Russell, J. B. & Hespell, R. B. (1981) Microbial rumen fermentation. Journal of Dairy Science 64, 1153–1169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Satter, L. D. & Slyter, L. L. (1974) Effect of ammonia concentration on rumen, microbial protein production in vitro. British Journal of Nutrition 32, 199–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Statistical Analysis Systems (1987) SAS/STAT Guide for Personal Computers, Version 6. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.Google Scholar
Tamminga, S., Ketelaar, R. & Van Vuuren, A. M. (1991) Degradation of nitrogenous compounds in conserved forages in the rumen of dairy cows. Grass and Forage Science 46, 427–435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thiago, L. R. S. & Gill, M. (1986) The effect of conservation method and, frequency of, feeding on, the removal of, digesta from the rumen. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 45, 97A.Google Scholar
Thiago, L. R. L., Gill, M. & Dhanoa, M. S. (1992 a);. Studies of method of conserving grass herbage and frequency of feeding in cattle. 1. Voluntary feed intake, digestion and, rate of passage. British Journal of Nutrition 67, 305–318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thiago, L. R. L., Gill, M. & Sissons, J. W. (1992 b) Studies of the method of conserving grass herbage and frequency of feeding in cattle. 2. Eating behaviour rumen motility and rumen fill. British Journal of Nutrition 67, 319–336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, J. W., Moore, L. A, Okamoto, M. & Sykens, J. F. (1963) A study of factors affecting rate of intake of heifers fed silage. Journal of Dairy Science 46, 1471–1483.Google Scholar
Tveit, B., Lingaas, F., Svendsen, M. & Sjaastad, Ø. V. (1992) Etiology of acetonemia in Norwegian cattle. 1. Effect of ketogenic silage, season, energy level and genetic factors. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 2421–2432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ulyatt, M. J., Dellow, D. W., John, A., Reid, C. S. W. & Waghorn, G. C. (1986) Contribution of chewing during eating and rumination to the clearance of, digesta from, the ruminoreticulum. In Control of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants, pp. 498–515.[Milligan, L. P., Grovum, W. L. and Dobson, A., editors]. Englewood, Cliffs, NJ:, Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Van Eenaeme, C., Bienfait, J. M., Lambot, O. & Pondant, A. (1969) Détermination automatique de l'ammoniaque dans le liquide du rumen par la methode de Berthelot adapte a l'auto-analyseur. (Automatic determination of ammonia in rumen liquid by the method of Berthelot adapted to an auto-analyzer). Annales de Medecine Veterinaire 7, 419–429.Google Scholar
Wilkins, R. J., Hutchingson, K. J., Wilson, R. F. & Harris, C. E. (1971) The voluntary intake of silage by sheep.I. Interrelationships between silage composition and intake. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 11, 531–537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar