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Effects of the whole seed and a protein isolate of faba bean (Vicia faba) on the cholesterol metabolism of hypercholesterolaemic rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

M. Teresa Macarulla ,
César Medina ,
M. Aránzazu De Diego ,
M. Chávarri ,
M. Ángeles Zulet ,
J. Alfredo Martínez ,
Catherine Nöel-Suberville ,
Paul Higueret  and
María P. Portillo
M. Teresa Macarulla*
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
César Medina
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
M. Aránzazu De Diego
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
M. Chávarri
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
M. Ángeles Zulet
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
J. Alfredo Martínez
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
Catherine Nöel-Suberville
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Nutrition, University of Bordeaux I, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence, France
Paul Higueret
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Nutrition, University of Bordeaux I, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence, France
María P. Portillo
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
*
*Corresponding author: Dr M. Teresa Macarulla, fax +34 945 130756, email knpmaarm@vc.ehu.es
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Abstract

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The aim of the present work was to analyse the hypocholesterolaemic efficiency of a Vicia faba-protein isolate in relation to the intact legume. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the effects of this isolate were investigated. Hypercholesterolaemic rats were divided into three groups (n 10×3) and fed high-fat diets rich in cholesterol-containing casein, whole seeds of Vicia faba or the protein isolate of faba beans as protein source, for 2 weeks ad libitum. The protein isolate was prepared by isoelectric precipitation and spray dried. Analyses of serum, liver and faeces, as well as of the activity of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase, were assessed by enzymatic methods. The rats fed on Vicia faba diets showed significantly lower body weights and energy intakes than rats fed on casein diets. The whole-seed diet induced a significant reduction in plasma triacylglycerol. Feeding rats on diets containing faba bean seeds, or the protein isolate, induced a significant decrease in plasma (LDL+VLDL)-cholesterol but not in HDL-cholesterol. Hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol were also reduced. The hypocholesterolaemic effects of Vicia faba were not the result of a reduction in cholesterol synthesis as assessed from HMG-CoA reductase activity, but the result of an increase in steroid faecal excretion. The faba bean-protein isolate obtained under our experimental conditions was useful in improving the metabolic alterations induced by feeding with a hypercholesterolaemic diet compared with casein. The effectiveness of the whole seeds was higher than that of the protein isolate.

Keywords

Faba beanProtein isolateHypercholesterolaemia
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 85 , Issue 5 , May 2001 , pp. 607 - 614
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2001

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