Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T16:38:41.317Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of u.v. irradiation of very young chickens on growth and bone development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 June 2007

H. M. Edwards Jr
H. M. Edwards Jr*
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2772, USA
*
Corresponding author: Dr Hardy M. Edwards, fax +1 706 5421827, email hedwards@uga.edu
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Six experiments were conducted to study the effects of exposure of young chickens to u.v. radiation. Chickens were fed a cholecalciferol (D3)-deficient diet and exposed to u.v. radiation from fluorescent lights giving total radiance (285–365nm) at 0·15m of 99·9mJ/s per m2. In Expt 1, chickens had increased body weight, bone ash and plasma Ca and decreased incidence of rickets and tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) when exposed to fluorescent light radiation 24h per d, 24h every 2d, or 24h every 3d starting with exposure on day 1 after hatching. However, when not exposed on day 1, but on days 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16, the bone ash was reduced, and the incidence of TD and rickets was increased, compared with chickens exposed on day 1 after hatching. When chickens were exposed at 1 d of age to radiation from two lamps, each of which gave a radiance (285–365nm) at 0·26m of 856mJ/s per m2, both the length of time of radiation and location of the lamps (above or below the chicken) influenced the response as measured by body weight, bone ash, plasma Ca and incidence of rickets. When chickens that received a TD-inducing diet were exposed to 30min u.v. radiation from below at 1 d of age they developed significantly less TD than did those not exposed when fed either 27·5 or 55·0μg D3/kg diet.

Keywords

CholecalciferolUltraviolet radiationRicketsTibial dyschondroplasia
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 90 , Issue 1 , July 2003 , pp. 151 - 160
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1995) In Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 16th ed., vol. 2, chapter 45, pp. 57–58. Washington, DC: AOAC.Google Scholar
Boris, A, Hurley, JF & Trmal, T (1977) Relative activities of some metabolites and analogs of cholecalciferol in stimulation of tibia ash weight in chicks otherwise deprived of vitamin D. J Nutr 107, 194–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, HM Jr (1989) The effect of dietary cholecalciferol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on the development of tibial dyschondroplasia in broiler chickens in the absence and presence of disulfiram. J Nutr 119, 647–652.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, HM Jr (1990) Efficacy of several vitamin D compounds in the prevention of tibial dyschondroplasia in broiler chickens. J Nutr 120, 1054–1061.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, HM Jr (2000) Nutrition and skeletal problems in poultry. Poult Sci 79, 1018–1023.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, HM Jr, Elliot, MA, Sooncharernying, S & Britton, WM (1994) Quantitative requirement for cholecalciferol in the absence of ultraviolet light. Poult Sci 73, 288–294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, HM Jr & Veltmann, JR Jr (1983) The role of calcium and phosphorus in the etiology of tibial dyschondroplasia. J Nutr 113, 1568–1575.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elliot, MA & Edwards, HM Jr (1997) Effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, cholecalciferol, and fluorescent lights on the development of tibial dyschondroplasia and rickets in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 76, 570–580.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fraser, D (1983) The physiological economy of vitamin D. Lancet, i, 969–972.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haddad, JG, Matsuoka, LY, Hollis, BC, Hu, YZ & Wortsman, J (1993) Human plasma transport of vitamin D after its endogenous synthesis. J Clin Invest 91, 2552–2555.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haussler, MR, Zerwekh, JE, Hesse, RH, Rizzardo, E & Pechet, MM (1973) Biological activity of 1-α-hydroxycholecalciferol, a synthetic analog of the hormonal form of vitamin D3. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 70, 2248–2252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hess, A & Weinstock, M (1924) Antirachitic properties imparted to inert fluids and to green vegetables by ultra-violet irradiation. J Biol Chem 62, 301–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holick, MF, MacLaughlin, JA & Doppelt, SH (1981) Regulation of cutaneous previtamin D3 photosynthesis in man: skin pigment is not an essential regulator. Science 211, 590–593.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holick, MF, MacLaughlin, JA, Parrish, JA & Anderson, RR (1982) The photochemistry and photobiology of vitamin D3. In The Science of Photomedicine. pp. 195–218. [Regan, JD and Parrish, JA, editors]. New York: Plenum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holick, MF, Matsuoka, LY & Wortsman, J (1989) Age, vitamin D, and solar ultraviolet radiation. Lancet 4, 1104–1105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koch, EM & Koch, FC (1941) The provitamin D of the covering tissues of chickens. Poult Sci 20, 33–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, PH, Lee, SR, Rowland, GN & Britton, WM (1984) Experimental rickets in broilers: Gross microscopic and radiographic lesions. II Calcium deficiency. Avian Dis 28, 921–932.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mawer, EB, Backhouse, J, Holman, CA, Lumb, GA & Stanbury, SW (1972) The distribution and storage of vitamin D and its metabolites in human tissues. Clin Sci 43, 413–431.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Norman, AW & DeLuca, HF (1963) The preparation of 3H-vitamins D2 and D3 and their localization in the rat. Biochem J 2, 1160–1168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenheim, O & Webster, TA (1926) The anti-rachitic properties of irradiated sterols. Biochem J 20, 537–544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, HT, Hart, EB & Halpin, JG (1929) Winter sunlight, ultraviolet light and glass substitutes in the prevention of rickets in growing chicks. Poult Sci 9, 65–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steenbock, H (1924) The induction of growth promoting and calcifying properties in a ration exposed to light. Science 60, 224–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tian, XQ, Chen, TC, Lu, Z, Shao, Q & Holick, MF (1994) Characterization of the translocation process of vitamin D3 from the skin into the circulation. Endocrinology 135, 655–661.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed