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Increasing ursodeoxycholic acid in the enterohepatic circulation of pigs through the administration of living bacteria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

Pascale Lepercq ,
Dominique Hermier ,
Olivier David ,
Rachel Michelin ,
Clotilde Gibard ,
Fabienne Beguet ,
Purification Relano ,
Chantal Cayuela  and
Catherine Juste
Pascale Lepercq
Affiliation:
Unité d'ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
Dominique Hermier
Affiliation:
Laboratoire d'endocrinologie de la Nutrition, Universitè Paris XI, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
Olivier David
Affiliation:
Unité Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
Rachel Michelin
Affiliation:
Unité d'ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
Clotilde Gibard
Affiliation:
Unité d'ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
Fabienne Beguet
Affiliation:
Unité d'ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
Purification Relano
Affiliation:
Danone Vitapole, Nutrivaleur, Groupe Probiotiques et Fonctions Digestives, Route Dê partementale 128, 91767, Palaiseau Cedex, France
Chantal Cayuela
Affiliation:
Danone Vitapole, Nutrivaleur, Groupe Probiotiques et Fonctions Digestives, Route Dê partementale 128, 91767, Palaiseau Cedex, France
Catherine Juste*
Affiliation:
Unité d'ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Catherine Juste, fax +33 1 34 65 24 92, email juste@jouy.inra.fr
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Abstract

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We investigated the feasibility of increasing ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the enterohepatic circulation of pigs by administering living bacteria capable of epimerising endogenous amidated chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) to UDCA. We first demonstrated that combining Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173 010, as a bile salt-hydrolysing bacterium, and Clostridium absonum ATCC 27555, as a CDCA to UDCA epimerising bacterium, led to the efficient epimerisation of glyco- and tauro-CDCA in vitro, with respective UDCA yields of 55·8 (se 2·8) and 36·6 (se 1·5)%. This strain combination was then administered to hypercholesterolaemic pigs over a 3-week period, as two daily preprandial doses of either viable (six experimental pigs) or heat-inactivated bacteria (six controls). The main effects of treatment were on unconjugated bile acids (P=0·035) and UDCA (P<0·0001) absorbed into the portal vein, which increased 1·6–1·7- and 3·5–7·5-fold, respectively, under administration of living compared with inactivated bacteria. In bile, UDCA did not increase significantly, but the increase in biliary lithocholic acid with time in the controls was not observed in the experimental pigs (P=0·007), and the same trend was observed in faeces. All other variables (biliary lipid equilibrium, plasma lipid levels and partition of cholesterol between the different lipoprotein classes) remained unaffected by treatment throughout the duration of the experiment. In conclusion, it is feasible to increase the bioavailability of UDCA to the intestine and the liver by administering active bacteria. This may represent an interesting new probiotic activity, provided that in future it could be expressed by a safe food micro-organism.

Keywords

Bile acidsUrsodeoxycholic acidProbioticsBlood lipids
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 93 , Issue 4 , April 2005 , pp. 457 - 469
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2005

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