Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T19:43:24.505Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Large bowel fermentation of maize or sorghum–acorn diets fed as a different source of carbohydrates to Landrace and Iberian pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

J. Morales ,
J. F. Pérez ,
S. M. Martín-Orúe ,
M. Fondevila  and
J. Gasa
J. Morales
Affiliation:
Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
J. F. Pérez*
Affiliation:
Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
S. M. Martín-Orúe
Affiliation:
Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
M. Fondevila
Affiliation:
Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Zaragoza, M. Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
J. Gasa
Affiliation:
Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
*
*Corresponding author:Dr José F. Pérez, fax +34 93 5812106, email jfperez@quiro.uab.es
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Twenty-four finishing pigs (twelve Iberian and twelve Landrace) were used in a growing and slaughtering experiment. Animals were fed two diets differing in their ingredients, maize (diet C) or sorghum–acorn (diet A). At an average weight of 107·0 kg pigs were slaughtered and hindgut digesta sampled to study the effect of breed and diet on large bowel fermentation. Flows of digesta to the hindgut compartment were estimated based on an indigestible flow marker (Cr2O3) and were higher in Iberian than in Landrace pigs (P<0·001), and higher in animals fed diet A than diet C (P=0·07). The higher flows in Iberian pigs were mainly associated with a higher voluntary feed intake (3·50 v. 2·70 kg/d, P<0·01) and lower ileal digestibility of NSP (−12·8 v. 47·8, P<0·01). Differences between diets were mainly associated with a lower ileal digestibility of starch from diet A (89·2 v. 96·9%, P=0·06), although no differences in the resistant starch content were observed in vitro. Fermentation of different carbohydrates through the large bowel showed that NSP-glucose had lower digestibility in Iberian than in Landrace pigs (62·5 v. 94·2%, P<0·001), but no differences were observed in starch, or other NSP-fibre fractions (arabinose, xylose and galactose). The type and amount of carbohydrates reaching the large bowel were related to the diet but also to breed, and promoted differences in the fermentative activity associated with different volatile fatty acid patterns and changes in microbial enzymic activity.

Keywords

CarbohydratesLarge bowel fermentationLandrace pigsIberian pigs
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 88 , Issue 5 , November 2002 , pp. 489 - 497
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2002

References

Anderson, IH, Levine, AS & Levitt, MD (1981) Incomplete absorption of the carbohydrate in all-purpose wheat flour. New England Journal of Medicine 304, 891–892.Google Scholar
Annison, G & Topping, DL (1994) Nutritional role of resistant starch: chemical structure vs physiological function. Annual Review of Nutrition 14, 297–320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Apajalahti, JHA, Särkilahti, LK, Mäki, BRE, Heikkinen, JP, Nurminen, PH & Holben, WE (1998) Effective recovery of bacterial DNA and percent-guanine-plus-cytosine-based analysis of community structure in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, 4084–4088.Google Scholar
Ashwell, G (1957) Colorimetric analysis of sugars. In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 3, pp. 85–86 [Colowick, SP and Kaplan, NO, editors]. New York: Academic Press IncGoogle Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1984) Official Methods of Analysis, 14th ed. Washington, DC: Association of Analytical Chemists.Google Scholar
Bach Knudsen, KE (1997) Carbohydrate and lignin contents of plant materials used in animal feeding. Animal Feed Sciences and Technology 67, 319–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bach Knudsen, KE & Canibe, N (2000) Breakdown of plant carbohydrates in the digestive tract of pigs fed on wheat- or oat-based rolls. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 80, 1253–1261.Google Scholar
Bergman, EN (1990) Energy contributions of volatile fatty acids from the gastrointestinal tract in various species. Physiological Reviews 70, 567–590.Google Scholar
Berry, CS (1986) Resistant starch: formation and measurement of starch that survives exhaustive digestion with amylolytic enzymes during the determination of dietary fibre. Journal of Cereal Science 4, 301–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canibe, N & Bach Knudsen, KE (2001) Degradation and physicochemical changes of barley and pea fibre along the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 82, 27–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casterline, JL, Oles, CJ & Ku, Y (1997) In vitro fermentation of various food fiber fractions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 45, 2463–2467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Champ, MM (1992) Determination of resistant starch in foods and food products: interlaboratory study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46 Suppl. 1, s51–s61.Google ScholarPubMed
Champ, MM, Molis, C, Flourié, B, Bornet, F, Pellier, P, Colonna, P, Galmiche, JP & Rambaud, JC (1998) Small-intestinal digestion of partially resistant cornstarch in healthy subjects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 68, 705–710.Google Scholar
Chapman, RW, Sillery, JK, Graham, MM & Saunders, DR (1985) Absorption of starch by healthy ileostomates: effect of transit time and of carbohydrate load. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 41, 1244–1248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Danfaer, A & Fernandez, JA (1999) Developments in the prediction of nutrient availability in pigs: a review. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 49, 73–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donkoh, A, Moughan, PJ & Smith, WC (1994) Comparison of the slaughter method and simple T-piece cannulation of the terminal ileum for determining ileal amino acid digestibility in meat and bone meal for the growing pig. Animal Feed Science and Technology 49, 43–56.Google Scholar
Englyst, HN & Cummings, JH (1990) Non-starch polysaccharides (dietary fiber) and resistant starch. In New Developments in Dietary Fiber. Physiological, Physicochemical, and Analytical Aspects, pp. 205–225 [Furda, I and Brine, CJ, editors]. New York and London: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Englyst, HN, Kingman, SM & Cummings, JH (1992) Classification and measurement of nutritionally important starch fractions. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46 Suppl. 2, s33–s50.Google Scholar
Englyst, HN, Wiggins, HS & Cummings, JH (1982) Determination of non-starch polysaccharides in plant foods by gas liquid chromatography of constituents sugars as alditol acetates. Analyst 107, 307–318.Google Scholar
Fadel, JG, Newman, RK, Newman, CW & Graham, H (1989) Effects of baking hulless barley on the digestibility of dietary components as measured at the ileum and in the feces of pigs. Journal of Nutrition 119, 722–726.Google Scholar
Gallant, DJ, Bouchet, B, Buléon, A & Pérez, S (1992) Physical characteristics of starch granules and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46, Suppl. 2, s3–s16.Google ScholarPubMed
Glitsø, LV, Brunsgaard, G, Højsgaard, S, Sandström, B & Bach Knudsen, KE (1998) Intestinal degradation in pigs of rye dietary fibre with different structural characteristics. British Journal of Nutrition 80, 457–468.Google Scholar
Goering, HK & Van Soest, PJ (1970) Forage Fiber Analysis (Apparatus, Reagents, Procedures, and some Applications). Agricultural Handbook no. 379. Washington, DC: ARS and USDA.Google Scholar
Goodlad, JS & Mathers, JC (1987) Digesta flow from the ileum and transit time through the caecum of rats given diets containing graded levels of peas. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 46, 149A.Google Scholar
Jensen, BB (2001) Possible ways of modifying type and amounts of products from microbial fermentation in the gut. In Gut Environment of Pigs, pp. 181–200 [Piva, A, Bach Knudsen, KE and Lindberg, JE, editors]. Nottingham, UK: Nottingham University Press.Google Scholar
Jørgensen, H, Zhao, XQ & Eggum, BO (1996) The influence of dietary fibre and environmental temperature on the development of the gastrointestinal tract, digestibility, degree of fermentation in the hind-gut and energy metabolism in pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 75, 365–378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jouany, JP (1982) Volatile fatty acid and alcohol determination in digestive contents, silage juices, bacterial cultures and anaerobic fermentor contents. Science des Aliments 2, 131–144.Google Scholar
Lizardo, R, Peiniau, J & Aumaitre, A (1995) Effect of sorghum on performance, digestibility of dietary components and activities of pancreatic and intestinal enzymes in the weaned piglet. Animal Feed Science and Technology 56, 67–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makkar, HPS & Becker, K (1999) Purine quantification in digesta from ruminants by spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. British Journal of Nutrition 81, 107–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mathers, JC & Dawson, LD (1991) Large bowel fermentation in rats eating processed potatoes. British Journal of Nutrition 66, 313–329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mathers, JC, Smith, H & Carter, S (1997) Dose–response effects of raw potato starch on small intestinal escape, large-bowel fermentation and gut transit time in the rat. British Journal of Nutrition 78, 1015–1029.Google Scholar
Morales, J, Pérez, JF, Baucells, MD, Gasa, A & Gasa, J (2001) Comparative digestibility and productive performances between Landrace and Iberian pigs fed on a corn- or a sorghum-acorn-based diet. In Digestive Physiology in Pigs, chapter 63, pp. 227–229 [Lindberg, JE and Ogle, B, editors]. Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing.Google Scholar
Mortensen, B, Holtug, K & Rasmussen, HS (1988) Short-chain fatty acid production from mono- and disaccharides in a fecal incubation system: implications for colonic fermentation of dietary fiber in humans. Journal of Nutrition 118, 321–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noblet, J, Fortune, H, Shi, XS & Dubois, S (1994) Prediction of net energy value of feeds for growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 72, 344–354.Google Scholar
Pérez, JF, Balcells, J, Guada, JA & Castrillo, C (1997) Rumen microbial production estimated either from urinary purine derivative excretion or from direct measurements of 15N and purine bases as microbial markers: effect of protein source and rumen bacteria isolates. Animal Science 65, 225–236.Google Scholar
Pérez, JF, Morales, J, Baucells, MD & Gasa, J (2001) An increased hindgut fermentation promoted major changes on the VFA profile but not on the total VFA concentration or the digesta contents. In Digestive Physiology in Pigs, chapter 62, pp. 224–226 [Lindberg, JE and Ogle, B, editors]. Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing.Google Scholar
Prawirodigdo, S, Gannon, NJ, Van Barneveld, RJ, Kerton, DJ, Leury, BJ & Dunshea, FR (1998) Assessment of apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and nitrogen in cottonseed and soyabean meals fed to pigs determined using ileal dissection under halothane anaesthesia or following carbon dioxide-stunning. British Journal of Nutrition 80, 183–191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reid, CA & Hillman, K (1999) The effects of retrogradation and amylose/amylopectin ratio of starches on carbohydrate fermentation and microbial populations in the porcine colon. Animal Science 68, 503–510.Google Scholar
Rooney, LW & Pflugfelder, RL (1986) Factors affecting starch digestibility with special emphasis on sorghum and corn. Journal of Animal Science 63, 1607–1623.Google Scholar
Salvador, V, Cherbut, C, Barry, JL, Bertrand, D, Bonnet, C & Delort-Laval, J (1993) Sugar composition of dietary fibre and short-chain fatty acid production during in vitro fermentation by human bacteria. British Journal of Nutrition 70, 189–197.Google Scholar
Serra, X, Gil, F, Pérez-Enciso, M, Oliver, MA, Vázquez, JM, Gispert, M, Día, I, Moreno, F, Latorre, R & Noguera, JL (1998) A comparison of carcass, meat quality and histochemical characteristics of Iberian (Guadyerbas line) and Landrace pigs. Livestock Production Science 56, 215–223.Google Scholar
Silva, AT, Wallace, RJ & Ørskov, ER (1987) Use of particle-bound microbial enzyme activity to predict the rate and extent of fibre degradation in the rumen. British Journal of Nutrition 57, 407–415.Google Scholar
Stephen, AM, Wiggins, HS & Cummings, JH (1987) Effects of changing transit time on colonic microbial metabolism in man. Gut 28, 601–609.Google Scholar
Theander, O (1991) Chemical analysis of lignocellulosic materials. Animal Feed Science and Technology 32, 35–44.Google Scholar
Topping, DL, Gooden, JM, Brown, IL, Biebrick, DA, McGrath, L, Trimble, RP, Choct, M & Illman, RJ (1997) A high amylose (amylomaize) starch raises proximal large bowel starch and increases colon length in pigs. Journal of Nutrition 127, 615–622.Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Jeraci, J, Foose, T, Wrick, K & Ehle, F (1983) Comparative fermentation of fibre in man and other animals. In Fibre in Human and Animal Nutrition, pp. 75–80 [Wallace, G and Bell, L, editors]. Wellington, New Zealand: The Royal Society of New Zealand.Google Scholar
Williams, CH, David, DJ & Iismaa, O (1962) The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Journal of Agricultural Science 59, 381–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yen, JT, Nienaber, JA, Hill, DA & Pond, WG (1991) Potential contribution of absorbed volatile fatty acids to whole-animal energy requirement in conscious swine. Journal of Animal Science 69, 2001–2012.Google Scholar