Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T11:29:16.716Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mechanism whereby holotrich ciliates are retained in the reticulo-rumen of cattle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Matanobu Abe  and
Tsunenori Iriki
Matanobu Abe
Affiliation:
School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 229, Japan
Tsunenori Iriki
Affiliation:
School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 229, Japan
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The concentrations of holotrichs, reducing sugars and fermentation end-products, and the fluid dilution rates, in the cranial (CR), ventral (V) and caudal (CA) regions of the reticulo-rumen of cows were compared. Additionally, holotrich numbers in fluid and solid digesta samples taken from the dorsal (D) region were determined at different time-intervals. Holotrich numbers expressed per ml fluid at site D were almost twofold those expressed per g solid digesta, and the fluctuation of their numbers in fluid preceded that in solid digesta. Holotrich concentrations at site CR were higher before feeding than after feeding, while those at sites V and CA were lower before feeding than for a few hours after feeding. At sites V and CA, holotrich concentrations fluctuated in good agreement with reducing sugar concentrations, but the increase in the former always preceded that in the latter. The concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) tended to decrease from site CA to site CR, while the dilution rate was highest in site CR. The results suggest that migration of holotrichs from the reticulum to the rumen and vice versa are the cause of fluctuation in their numbers, and also the mechanism by which they are retained in the rumen of cattle.

Keywords

Holotrich ciliatesReticulo-rumenCow
Type
Gastrointestinal Physiology, Digestion and Metabolism: Ruminants
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 62 , Issue 3 , November 1989 , pp. 579 - 587
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1989

References

REFERENCES

Abe, M. & Iriki, T. (1989). Characteristic diurnal variation of holotrich concentrations in the rumen of cattle: a sequestration–migration theory. Proceedings of the Japanese Society for Animal Nutrition and Metabolism 33, 77–96.Google Scholar
Abe, M., Iriki, T., Tobe, N. & Shibui, H. (1981). Sequestration of holotrich protozoa in the reticulo-rumen of cattle. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 41, 758–765.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abe, M. & Kumeno, F. (1983). In vitro simulation of rumen fermentation: apparatus and effects of dilution rate and continuous dialysis on fermentation and protozoal population. Journal of Animal Science 36, 941–948.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abe, M., Suzuki, Y., Okano, H. & Iriki, T. (1983). Specific difference in fluctuation pattern of holotrich concentration in the rumen of cattle, goat and sheep. Japanese Journal of Zootechnical Science 54, 457–462.Google Scholar
Abe, M., Nakagawa, Y. & Iriki, T. (1986). Comparison of the nature among different sites in the rumen of cows fed rations differing in hay: concentrate ratio. Japanese Journal of Zootechnical Science 57, 395–403.Google Scholar
Buxton, T.B., Crockett, J.K., Moore, W.L. III, Moore, W.L. Jr & Pissing, J.P. (1979). Protein precipitation by acetone for the analysis of polyethylene glycol in intestinal perfusion fluid. Gastroenterology 76, 820–824.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clarke, R.T.J. (1965). Diurnal variation in the numbers of rumen ciliate protozoa in cattle. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 8, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Czerkawski, J.W. (1986). An Introduction to Rumen Studies, pp. 31–49. Oxford: Pergamon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dehority, B.A. & Mattos, W.R.S. (1978). Diurnal changes and effect of ration on concentration of rumen ciliate Charon ventriculi. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 36, 953–958.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dehority, B.A. & Tirabasso, P.A. (1989). Factors affecting the migration and sequestration of rumen protozoa in the family Isotrichidae. Journal of General Microbiology 135, 539–548.Google Scholar
Harrison, D.G., Beever, D.E. & Osbourn, D.F. (1979). The contribution of protozoa to the protein entering the duodenum of sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 41, 521–527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoover, W.H., Crooker, B.A. & Sniffen, C.J. (1976). Effects of differential solid–liquid removal rates on protozoa numbers in continuous cultures of rumen contents. Journal of Animal Science 43, 528–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laboratories of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Tokyo (editors) (1973). Experimental Agricultural Chemistry, pp. 324–326. Tokyo: Asakura Book Co., Ltd.Google Scholar
Leng, R.A. (1982). Dynamics of protozoa in the rumen of sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 48, 399–415.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leng, R.A., Dellow, D. & Waghorn, G. (1986). Dynamics of large ciliate protozoa in the rumen of cattle fed on diets of freshly cut grass. British Journal of Nutrition 56, 455–462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leng, R.A., Gill, M., Kempton, T.J., Rowe, J.B., Nolan, J.V., Stachiew, S.J. & Preston, T.P. (1981). Kinetics of large ciliate protozoa in the rumen of cattle given sugar cane diets. British Journal of Nutrition 46, 371–384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leng, R.A. & Nolan, J.V. (1984). Nitrogen metabolism in the rumen. Journal of Dairy Science 67, 1072–1089.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michalowski, T., (1975). Effect of different diets on the diurnal concentrations of ciliate protozoa in the rumen of water buffalo. Journal of Agricultural Science 85, 145–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michalowski, T. (1977). Diurnal changes in concentration of rumen ciliates and in occurrence of dividing forms in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalus) fed once daily. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 33, 802–804.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, M.R., Drone, P.F. Jr & Woodford, S.T. (1985). Factors stimulating migration of holotrich protozoa into the rumen. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 49, 1329–1331.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orpin, C.G. & Hall, F.J. (1977). Attachment of the rumen holotrich protozoon Isotricha intestinalis to grass particles. Proceedings of the Society for General Microbiology 4, 82–83.Google Scholar
Orpin, C.G. & Letcher, A.J. (1978). Some factors controlling the attachment of the rumen holotrich protozoa Isotricha intestinalis and I. prostoma to plant particles in vitro. Journal of General Microbiology 106, 33–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Purser, D.B. (1961). A diurnal cycle for holotrich protozoa in the rumen. Nature 190, 831–832.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steinhour, W.D., Stokes, M.R., Clark, J.H., Rogers, J.A. & Davis, C.L. (1982). Estimation of the proportion of non-ammonia-nitrogen reaching the lower gut of the ruminant derived from bacteria and protozoa nitrogen. British Journal of Nutrition 48, 417–431.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warner, A.C.I. (1962). Some factors influencing the rumen microbial population. Journal of General Microbiology 28, 129–146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warner, A.C.I. (1966). Diurnal changes in the concentration of micro-organisms in the rumens of sheep fed limited diets once daily. Journal of General Microbiology 45, 213–235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warner, A.C.I. & Stacy, B.D. (1968). The fate of water in the rumen. I. A critical appraisal of the use of soluble markers. British Journal of Nutrition 22, 369–387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weller, R.A. & Pilgrim, A.F. (1974). Passage of protozoa and volatile fatty acids from the rumen of sheep and from a continuous in vitro fermentation system. British Journal of Nutrition 32, 341–351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed