Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T03:56:58.210Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Net flux of nutrients across splanchnic tissues in wethers consuming grasses of different sources and physical forms ad libitum*†

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

A.L. Goetsch ,
A. R. Patil ,
D.L. Galloway ,
B. Kouakou ,
Z.S. Wang ,
K.K. Park  and
J.E. Rossi
A.L. Goetsch
Affiliation:
Dale Bumpers Small Farm Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927-9214, USA
A. R. Patil
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
D.L. Galloway
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
B. Kouakou
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
Z.S. Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
K.K. Park
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
J.E. Rossi
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Crossbred sheep (n 16,8·5 months of age and 33 (SE 0·9) kg) were used in a 21 d experiment (2x2 factorial) to determine effects on net flux of nutrients across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver of ad libitum consumption of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon; B) v. ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)-wheat (Triticum aestivum; RW) hay, coarsely chopped (CC) or finely ground and pelleted (GP). Crude protein concentrations were 86, 81, 113 and 119g/kg and neutral-detergent fibre concentrations were 710, 688, 654 and 672 g/kg (dry matter basis) for B-CC, B-GP, RW-CC and RW-GP respectively. Digestible energy intake (6.0,9.6·, 10·2 and 13·8 W/d) Mered (P < 0·01) with grass source and form, and digestible N intake values were 4·4, 7·0, 8·4 and 14.1 (SEM 0·82) g/d for B-CC, B-GP, RW-CC and RW-GP diets respectively. Consumption of O2 by the PDV (118,165,144 and 155mmol/h) and splanchnic bed (196,273,247 and 266 mmollh for B-CC, B-GP, RW-CC and RW-GP respectively) was greater (P=O·O7) for GP than for CC. The ratio splanchnic heat energy production: digestible energy intake was greater (P=0·06) for B than for RW (0·374,0·300,0·278 and 0·219 for B.CC, B-GP, RW-CC and RW-GP respectively). α-Amino-N release by the PDV (P< 0·01; 11·6, 12·8, 23·0 and 18·7 mmoyh) and uptake by the liver (P=0·07; 15·2, 6·1, 17·0 and 19·3 mmol/h for B-CC, B-GP, RW-CC and RW-GP respectively) were greater for RW than for B. Release of NH3-N by the PDV was greater (P=O·02) for CC than for GP (12·5, 6·2, 15·7 and 8·9 mmol/h), and hepatic urea-N release differed between grass sources (P=O·O3) and physical forms (P=0·07; 22·6, 12·7, 31·4 and mmol/h for B-CC, B-GP, RW-CC and RW-GP respectively). In conclusion, decreases in forage particle size elicited by grinding and pelleting did not affect the difference between grass sources in splanchnic tissue heat energy production relative to digestible energy intake.

Keywords

ForageSplanchnic metabolismSheep
Type
Animal Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 77 , Issue 5 , May 1997 , pp. 769 - 781
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1997

References

REFERENCES

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1984). Official Methods of Analysis, 14th ed. Washington, DC: AOAC.Google Scholar
Berger, L.L., Fahey, G.C. Jr, Bourquin, L.D. & Titgemeyer, E.C. (1994). Modification of forage quality after harvest. In Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization, pp. 922–966 [Fahey, G. C. Jr, editor]. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Brockman, R.P. (1993). Glucose and short-chain fatty acid metabolism. In Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism, pp. 249–266 [Forbes, J. M. and France, J. editors]. Wallingford: CAB International.Google Scholar
Broderick, G. A. & Kang, J.H. (1980). Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Jountal of Dairy Science 63, 64–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burrin, D.G., Ferrell, C.L., Eisemann, J.H. & Britton, R.A. (1991). Level of nutrition and splanchnic metabolite flux in young lambs. Journal of Animal Science 69, 1082–1091.Google Scholar
Coleman, S.W., Neri-Flores, O., Allen, R.J. Jr & Moore, J.E. (1978). Effect of pelleting and of forage maturity on quality of two sub-tropical forage grasses. Journal of Animal Science 46, 1103–1112.Google Scholar
Consortium (1988). Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching. Champaign, DL: Editorial Production Services, Association Headquarters.Google Scholar
Dulphy, J.P., Remond, B. & Theriez, M. (1980). Ingestive behaviour and related activities in ruminants. In Digestive Physiology and Metabolism in Ruminants, pp. 103–122 [Ruckebusch, Y. and Thivend, P., editors]. Westport, CT: AVI Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Eisemann, J.H. & Nienaber, J.A. (1990). Tissue and whole-body oxygen uptake in fed and fasted steers. British Jountal of Nutrition 54, 399–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fahey, G.C. Jr, Bourquin, L.D., Titgemeyer, E.C. & Atwell, D.G. (1993). Postharvest treatment of fibrous feedstuffs to improve their nutritive value. In Forage Cell Wall Structure and Digestibility, pp. 715–766 [Jung, H. G., Buxton, D. R., Hatfield, R.D. and Ralph, J. editors]. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Ferrell, C.L., Britton, R.A. & Freetly, H.C. (1992). Chronic catheterization of hepatic and portal veins of sheep. In Handbook of Methods for Study of Reproductive Physiology in Domestic Animals, Section VIII A & F [Dziuk, P. and Wheeler, M. editors]. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois.Google Scholar
Galyean, M.L. & Goetsch, A. L. (1993). Utilization of forage fiber by ruminants. In Forage Cell Wall Structure and Digestibility, pp. 33–72 [Jung, H. G., Buxton, D. R., Hatfield, R. D. and Ralph, J. editors]. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Goering, H.K. & Van Soest, P.J. (1970). Forage Fiber Analyses. Apparatus, Reagents, Procedures and Some Applications. Agricultural Handbook no. 379. Washington, DC: ARS, USDA.Google Scholar
Goetsch, A.L., Patil, A.R., Galloway, D.L. Sr, Wang, Z.S., Kouakou, B. & Rossi, J.E. (1996). Oxygen consumption by splanchnic tissues in wethers consuming ad libitum different proportions of bermudagrass and ryegrass-wheat. Archives of Animal Nutrition 50 (In the Press).Google Scholar
Greenhalgh, J.F.D. & Reid, G.W. (1973). Long- and short-term effects on intake of pelleting a roughage for sheep. Animal Production 19, 77–86.Google Scholar
Gutmann, I. & Wahlefeld, A. W. (1974). L(+)Lactate determination with lactate dehydrogenase and NAD. In Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, vol. 3, pp. 1464–1468 [Bergmeyer, H. U. editor]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Harmon, D.L., Gross, K.L., Kreikemeier, K.K., Coffey, K.P., Avery, T.B. & Klindt, J. (1991). Effects of feeding endophyte-infected fescue hay on portal and hepatic nutrient flux in steers. Journal of Animal Science 69, 1223–1231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, D.E., Johnson, K.A. & Baldwin, R.L. (1990). Changes in liver and gastrointestinal tract energy demands in response to physiological workload in ruminants. Journal of Nutrition 120, 649–655.Google Scholar
Kelly, J.M., Vaage, A.S., McBride, B.W. & Milligan, L.P. (1989). Oxygen consumption and the energy costs of Na+, K+-ATPase in rumen epithelial papillae from Hereford steers. Journal of Dairy Science 72, Suppl. 1, 560.Google Scholar
Kouakou, B., Goetsch, A.L., Patil, A.R., Galloway, D.L. & Park, K.K. (1995 a). Effects of forage source and grain level on performance and visceral organ mass of growing wethers. Journal of Animal Science 73, Suppl.1, 32.Google Scholar
Kouakou, B., Goetsch, A.L., Patil, A.R., Galloway, D.L. Sr, Park, K. K. & West, C.P. (1995 b). Effects of grass source and maturity on performance and visceral organ mass in growing wethers. Journal of Animal Science 73, Suppl. 1, 261.Google Scholar
McLean, J.A. (1972). On the calculation of heat production from open-circuit calorimetric measurements. British Journal of Nutrition 27, 597–600.Google Scholar
Minson, D.J. (1990). Forage in Ruminant Nutrition, pp. 9–149. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Patil, A.R., Goetsch, A.L., Park, K.K., Kouakou, B., Galloway, D. L. & Johnson, Z.B. (1996). Influences of grass source and legume level on net flux of nutrients across splanchnic tissues in sheep. Small Ruminant Research 22, 111–122.Google Scholar
Patil, A.R., Goetsch, A.L., Park, K.K., Kouakou, B., Galloway, D.L. Sr, West, C. P. &Johnson, Z.B. (1995). Net flux of nutrients across splanchnic tissues in sheep fed tropical vs. temperate grass hay of moderate or low qualities. Livestock Production Science 43, 49–61.Google Scholar
Reynolds, C.K., Tyrrell, H.F. & Reynolds, P.J. (1991). Effects of diet forage-to-concentrate ratio and intake on energy metabolism in growing beef heifers: whole body energy metabolism and nitrogen balance and visceral heat production. Journal of Nutrition 121, 994–1003.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rompala, R.E., Hoagland, T.A. & Meister, J.A. (1988). Effect of dietary bulk on organ mass, fasting heat production and metabolism of the small and large intestines in sheep. Journal of Nutrition 118, 1553–1557.Google Scholar
Rompala, R.E., Hoagland, T.A. & Meister, J.A. (1990). Modifications in growth and morphology of ovine jejunal and ruminal epithelia as affected by inert dietary substances. Journal of Animal Science 68, 2530–2535.Google Scholar
Seal, C.J. & Reynolds, C.K. (1993). Nutritional implications of gastrointestinal and liver metabolism in ruminants. Nutrition Research Reviews 6, 185–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Statistical Analysis Systems (1990). SAS/STAT User's Guide, version 6, 4th ed., vol. 2. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc.Google Scholar
Sun, W., Goetsch, A. L., Forster, L. A. Jr, Galloway, D.L. Sr & Lewis, P. K. Jr (1994). Forage and splanchnic tissue mass in growing lambs: effects of dietary forage levels and source on splanchnic tissue mass in growing lambs. British Journal of Nutrition 71, 141–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Keulen, J. & Young, B.A. (1977). Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. Journal of Animal Science 44, 282–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waldo, D.R. & Goering, H.K. (1979). Insolubility of proteins in ruminant feeds by four methods. Journal of Animal Science 49, 1560–1568.Google Scholar
Webster, A.J.F. (1980). Energy costs of digestion and metabolism in the gut. In Digestive Physiology and Metabolism in Ruminants, pp. 469–484 [Ruckebusch, Y. and Thivend, P., editors]. Westport, CT: AVI Publishing Co.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, J.R. (1993). Organization of forage plant tissues. In Forage Cell Wall Structure and Digestibility, pp. 1–32 [Jung, H. G., Buxton, D. R., Hatfield, R. D. and Ralph, J. editors]. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Yen, J.T., Nienaber, J.A., Hill, D.A. & Pond, W.G. (1991). Potential contribution of absorbed volatile fatty acids to whole-animal energy requirement in conscious swine. Journal of Animal Science 69, 2001–2012.Google Scholar