Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T03:14:27.076Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nitrite and nitrate levels in ileostomy effluent: effect of dietary change

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

B. C. Radcliffe ,
C. Hall  and
W. E. W. Roediger
B. C. Radcliffe
Affiliation:
Cell Physiology Laboratory,The University of Adelaide at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, S.A. 5011, Australia
C. Hall
Affiliation:
Stomal Therapist The University of Adelaide at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, S.A. 5011, Australia
W. E. W. Roediger
Affiliation:
Department of Surgery, The University of Adelaide at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, S.A. 5011, Australia
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

1. Nitrite and nitrate levels were measured in samples from ileostomy bags or stomal samples of thirty-one ileostomists (twenty-two ulcerative colitis, nine Crohn's disease), 14-16 h after ingestion of a conventional meal or a meal containing a high content of nitrite and nitrate.

2. Ileostomy samples were decolourized with barium chloride, sodium sulphate and charcoal. Nitrite was determined spectrophotometrically by the Griess reaction and nitrate determined as nitrite after reduction with nitrate reductase (ec 1.7.99.4) in the presence of sodium formate. The mean percentage recovery from twentysix spiked samples was 101.9 (se 3.5)% for nitrite and 82.9 (se 3.3)% for nitrate.

3. Ileostomy bag samples were obtained in twenty-nine cases of which ten had measurable nitrite (median 0, range 0-20.7 nmol/g) on a conventional meal compared with twenty-three cases (median 7.2, range 0-31.1 nmol/g) on the test meal (P < 0.01). Nitrate levels were measurable in sixteen (median 6.7, range 0-48.2 nmol/g) after a conventional meal compared with twenty-one (median 20.5, range 0-53.2 nmol/g) after the test meal (P <0.01).

4. Stomal fresh-catch samples were obtained in twenty-four cases: combined nitrate and nitrite was higher in eighteen, lower in four and unchanged in two subjects after the test meal (P < 0.05).

5. The type of foodstuff ingested can significantly alter measurable levels of nitrite-nitrate in the distal ileum and is one factor determining nitrite-nitrate input into the proximal colon.

Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 61 , Issue 2 , March 1989 , pp. 323 - 330
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1989

References

Bartholomew, B. (1984) A rapid method for the assay of nitrate in urine using the nitrate reductase enzyme of Escherichia coli. Food and Chemical Toxicology 22, 541–543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bartholomew, B. & Hill, M. J. (1984) The pharmacology of dietary nitrate and the origin of urinary nitrate. Food and Chemical Toxicology 22, 789–795.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breimer, T. (1982) Environmental factors and cultural measures affecting the nitrate content in spinach. Fertilizer Research 3, 191–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, R. W., Sillery, J. K., Graham, M. M. & Saunders, D. R. (1985) Absorption of starch by healthy ileostomate: effect of transit time and of carbohydrate load. American Journal of Clinical Nutririon 41, 1244–1248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, C. E., Leffler, R., Anderson, J. B., Soderberg, D. L. & Meredith, F. I. (1985) Effect of pH on absorbance of azo dye formed by reaction between nitrite and sulfanilamide/N-(1-naphthl)-ethylenediamine in residual nitrite methods for foods. Association of Official Analytical Chemists Journal 68, 485–488.Google ScholarPubMed
Forman, D., Al-Dabbagh, S. & Doll, R. (1985) Nitrates, nitrites and gastric cancer in Great Britain. Nature 313, 620–625.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fox, J. B., Doerr, R. C. & Lakritz, L. (1982) Interaction between sample preparation techniques and three methods of nitrite determination. Association of Official Analytical Chemists Journal 65, 690–695.Google ScholarPubMed
Greenwood, D. J. & Hunt, J. (1986) Effect of nitrogen fertiliser on the nitrate contents of field vegetables grown in Britain. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 38, 373–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, J. B. (1978). Nitrate-reducing bacteria. InMicrobiology 1978, pp. 296–298 [D. Schlessinger, editor]. Washington, DC: American Society of Microbiology.Google Scholar
Holgate, A. M. & Read, N. W. (1983) Relationship between small bowel transit time and absorption of a solid meal. Influence of metoclopramide, magnesium sulfate, and lactulose. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 28, 812–819.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ishiwata, H., Boribdon, P., Nakamura, Y., Harada, M., Tanimura, A. & Ishidate, M. (1975). Studies on in-vivo formation of nitroso compounds (II). Changes of nitrite and nitrate concentrations in human saliva after ingestion of vegetables or sodium nitrate. Journal of the Food Hygiene Society, Japan 16, 19–24.Google Scholar
Ishiwata, H., Mizushiro, H., Sakai, A. & Tanimura, A. (1981) Distribution, secretion and metabolism of nitrate in the rat lower digestive tract. Journal of the Food Hygiene Society, Japan 22, 520–525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iyengar, R., Stuehr, D. J. & Marletta, M. A. (1987) Macrophage synthesis of nitrite, nitrate an N-nitrosamines: precursors and role of the respiratory burst. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 84, 6369–6373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macdonald, I. A., Mader, J. A., Rao, B. G. & Malatjalian, D. A. (1984) Model systems demonstrating the volatile mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of sodium nitrite in rats. Experientia 40, 554–557.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1987). Nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds in food. Food Surveillance Paper no. 20. London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Nelson, D. W. (1984). Effect of nitrogen excess on quality of food and fiber. In Nitrogen in Crop Production, pp. 643–661 [Hauck, R. D. editor]. Madison, Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy.Google Scholar
Phizackerley, P. J. R. & Al-Dabbagh, S. A. (1983) The estimation of nitrate and nitrite in saliva and urine. Analytical Biochemistry 131, 242–245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radcliffe, B. C., Nance, S. H., Deakin, E. J. & Roediger, W. E. W. (1987) Effect of luminal or circulating nitrite on colonic ion movement in the rat. American Journal of Physiology 253, G246–G252.Google ScholarPubMed
Radcliffe, B. C. & Nicholas, D. J. D. (1970) Some properties of a nitrate reductase from Pseudomonas denitrificans. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 205, 273–287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roediger, W. E. W., Deakin, E. J., Radcliffe, B. C. & Nance, S. H. (1986a) Anion control of sodium absorption in the colon. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 71, 195–204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roediger, W. E. W., Lawson, M. J., Nance, S. H. & Radcliffe, B. C. (1986b) Detectable colonic nitrite levels in inflammatory bowel disease – mucosal or bacterial malfunction. Digestion 35, 199–204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roediger, W. E. W. & Radcliffe, B. C. (1988) Role of nitrite and nitrate as a redox couple in the rat colon. Implications for diarrheal conditions. Gastroenterology 94, 915–922.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roediger, W. E. W., Radcliffe, B. C., Deakin, E. J. & Nance, S. H. (1986c) Specific metabolic effect of sodium nitrite on fat metabolism by mucosal cells of the colon. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 31, 535–539.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ruddell, W. S. J., Bone, E. S., Hill, M. J., Blendis, L. M. & Walters, C. L. (1976) Gastric-juice nitrite. A risk factor for cancer in the hypochlorhydric stomach? Lancet ii, 1037–1039.Google Scholar
Saul, R. L., Kabir, S. H., Cohen, Z., Bruce, W. R. & Archer, M. C. (1981) Re-evaluation of nitrate and nitrite levels in the human intestine. Cancer Research 41, 2280–2283.Google Scholar
Schultz, D. S., Deen, W. M., Karel, S. F., Wagner, D. A. & Tannenbaum, S. R. (1985) Pharmacokinetics of nitrate in humans: role of gastrointestinal absorption and metabolism. Carcinogenesis 6, 847–852.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stockbrugger, R. W., Cotton, P. B., Eugenides, N., Bartholomew, B. A., Hill, M. J. & Walters, C. L. (1982) Intragastric nitrites, nitrosamines and bacterial overgrowth during cimetidine treatment. Gut 23, 1048–1054.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stuehr, D. J. & Marietta, M. A. (1985) Mammalian nitrate biosynthesis: mouse macrophages produce nitrite and nitrate in response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 82, 7738–7742.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suzuki, K. & Mitsuoka, T. (1981) Increase in faecal nitrosamines in Japanese individuals given a Western diet. Nature 294, 453–456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tannenbaum, S. R., Fett, D., Young, V. R., Land, P. D. & Bruce, W. R. (1978) Nitrite and nitrate are formed by endogenous synthesis in the human intestine. Science 200, 1487–1489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tannenbaum, S. R. & Green, L. (1981). Metabolism of nitrate. Banbury Report no. 7 Gastrointestinal Cancer: Endogenous Factors, pp. 331–341. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.Google Scholar
Thayer, J. R., Chasko, J. H., Swartz, L. A. & Parks, N. J. (1982). Gut reactions of radioactive nitrite after intratracheal administration in mice. Science 217, 151–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, R. (1975) Naturally occurring nitrate/nitrite in foods. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 26, 1735–1742.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, J. W. Jr (1975) Relative significance of dietary sources of nitrate and nitrite. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 23, 886–891.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, J. W. Jr (1976) Correction. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 24, 202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar