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Nutrition and cognitive impairment in the elderly

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

M. González-Gross ,
Ascensión Marcos  and
Klaus Pietrzik
M. González-Gross*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Nutrición y Bromatología (CSIC-UCM), Facultad de Farmacia, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
Ascensión Marcos
Affiliation:
Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft, Abteilung Pathophysiologie der Ernährung, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
Klaus Pietrzik
Affiliation:
Instituto de Nutrición y Bromatología (CSIC-UCM), Facultad de Farmacia, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Marcela González-Gross , present address Instituto de Nutrición y Bromatología CSIC-UCM, Facultad de Farmacia, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain, fax +34 91 394 22 83, email mggross@canal21.com
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Abstract

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As the number of older people is growing rapidly worldwide and the fact that elderly people are also apparently living longer, dementia, the most common cause of cognitive impairment is getting to be a greater public health problem. Nutrition plays a role in the ageing process, but there is still a lack of knowledge about nutrition-related risk factors in cognitive impairment. Research in this area has been intensive during the last decade, and results indicate that subclinical deficiency in essential nutrients (antioxidants such as vitamins C, E and β-carotene, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folate) and nutrition-related disorders, as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, hypertension, and diabetes could be some of the nutrition-related risk factors, which can be present for a long time before cognitive impairment becomes evident. Large-scale clinical trials in high-risk populations are needed to determine whether lowering blood homocysteine levels reduces the risk of cognitive impairment and may delay the clinical onset of dementia and perhaps of Alzheimer's disease. A curative treatment of cognitive impairment, especially Alzheimer's disease, is currently impossible. Actual drug therapy, if started early enough, may slow down the progression of the disease. Longitudinal studies are required in order to establish the possible link of nutrient intake – nutritional status with cognitive impairment, and if it is possible, in fact, to inhibit or delay the onset of dementia.

Keywords

DementiaVitaminsHomocysteineElderlyAlzheimer's disease
Type
Review article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 86 , Issue 3 , September 2001 , pp. 313 - 321
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2001

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