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Serum fatty acid levels, dietary style and coronary heart disease in three neighbouring areas in Japan: the Kumihama study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Tomoki Nakamura ,
Akihiro Azuma ,
Toshiro Kuribayashi ,
Hiroki Sugihara ,
Seisuke Okuda  and
Masao Nakagawa
Tomoki Nakamura*
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Kumihama Municipal Hospital, Kyoto, Japan Second Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
Akihiro Azuma
Affiliation:
Second Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
Toshiro Kuribayashi
Affiliation:
Second Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
Hiroki Sugihara
Affiliation:
Second Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
Seisuke Okuda
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Kumihama Municipal Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
Masao Nakagawa
Affiliation:
Second Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Tomoki Nakamura, fax +81 75 251 5514, email tomnak@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
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Abstract

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CHD mortality is extremely low in Japan, particularly in rural districts, when compared with that in Western countries. This has been partly attributed to the difference in dietary lifestyle. We investigated the factors influencing CHD mortality in a rural coastal district of Japan, comprising mercantile, farming, and fishing areas with distinct dietary habits. We prospectively examined the incidence of CHD from 1994 to 1998, as well as coronary risk factors and serum fatty acid concentrations. The incidence of angina pectoris was significantly (P=0·01) lower in the fishing area than in the mercantile and farming areas. Blood pressure, physical activity, prevalence of diabetes, serum levels of uric acid and HDL-cholesterol were similar between the three areas. Total- and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower but the smoking rate was markedly higher in the fishing area than in the other two areas. Serum levels of saturated fatty acids and n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were lowest in the fishing area, but n−3 PUFA did not differ significantly. The n−6:n−3 PUFA ratio was lowest and eicosapentaenoic:arachidonic acid was highest in the fishing area. Although many previous studies have emphasized the beneficial effect of n−3 PUFA in preventing CHD, the present study indicated that a lower intake of n−6 PUFA and saturated fatty acids has an additional preventive effect on CHD even when the serum level of n−3 PUFA is high because of high dietary fish consumption.

Keywords

Coronary heart diseaseDietary styleFatty acidsCoronary risk factors
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 89 , Issue 2 , February 2003 , pp. 267 - 272
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

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