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Tracking of nutrient intakes in adolescence: the experiences of the Young Hearts Project, Northern Ireland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

P. J. Robson ,
A. M. Gallagher ,
M. B. E. Livingstone ,
G. W. Cran ,
J. J. Strain ,
J. M. Savage  and
C. A. G. Boreham
P. J. Robson*
Affiliation:
Northern Ireland Centre for Diet and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
A. M. Gallagher
Affiliation:
Northern Ireland Centre for Diet and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
M. B. E. Livingstone
Affiliation:
Northern Ireland Centre for Diet and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
G. W. Cran
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, The Queen's University of Belfast, Institute of Clinical Science, Belfast BT12 6BJ, Northern Ireland, UK
J. J. Strain
Affiliation:
Northern Ireland Centre for Diet and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
J. M. Savage
Affiliation:
The Department of Child Health, The Queen's University of Belfast, Clinical Institute, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BJ, Northern Ireland, UK
C. A. G. Boreham
Affiliation:
School of Leisure and Tourism, University of Ulster, Jordanstown BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Paula Robson, fax +44 1265 324965, email p.robson@ulst.ac.uk
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Abstract

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This study evaluated the tracking of energy and nutrient intakes, assessed by diet history, in a random sample of adolescents (boys n 225, girls n 230) at baseline (age 12 years), and subsequently at age 15 years. Median energy (MJ/d) and macronutrient (g/d) intakes increased significantly (all P<0·001) with increasing age in the boys. The girls' reported energy intake (MJ/d) remained stable over time, despite significant increases in BMI, weight and % body fat. Age-related changes in the girls' macronutrient intakes were inconsistent. When expressed in terms of nutrient density, the diets of both sexes became significantly richer, over time, in total folate (both sexes, P<0·01), but poorer in Ca (boys P<0·01, girls P<0·001) and riboflavin (both sexes P<0·001). Vitamin B6 (P<0·001) and Fe (P<0·05) densities increased in the boys, while the thiamin density of the girls' diets decreased (P<0·001). Tracking, defined as maintenance of rank over time, was summarised using weighted kappa statistics (κ). There were some significant changes in intakes at the group level; however, tracking of energy and nutrients in both sexes was only poor to fair (κ<0·40), indicating substantial drift of individuals between classes of intake over time. Particularly poor tracking was evident for % energy from sugars (κ 0·09) and total fat (κ 0·09) in the girls' diets. In conclusion, the poor to fair tracking observed in this cohort suggests that individual dietary patterns exhibited at 12 years of age are unlikely to be predictive of energy and nutrient intake at age 15 years.

Keywords

AdolescentsNutrient densityNutrient intake trackingNorthern Ireland
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 84 , Issue 4 , October 2000 , pp. 541 - 548
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2000

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