Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T11:10:15.726Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Variable maternal nutrition and growth hormone treatment in the second quarter of pregnancy in pigs alter semitendinosus muscle in adolescent progeny

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Kathryn L. Gatford ,
Jason E. Ekert ,
Karina Blackmore ,
Miles J. De Blasio ,
Jodie M. Boyce ,
Julie A. Owens ,
Roger G. Campbell  and
Phillip C. Owens
Kathryn L. Gatford*
Affiliation:
Research Centre for Physiology of Early Development, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
Jason E. Ekert
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
Karina Blackmore
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
Miles J. De Blasio
Affiliation:
Research Centre for Physiology of Early Development, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
Jodie M. Boyce
Affiliation:
Research and Development Unit, Bunge Meat Industries Ltd, Redlands Road, Corowa 2646, Australia
Julie A. Owens
Affiliation:
Research Centre for Physiology of Early Development, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
Roger G. Campbell
Affiliation:
Research and Development Unit, Bunge Meat Industries Ltd, Redlands Road, Corowa 2646, Australia
Phillip C. Owens
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Kathryn L. Gatford, fax +61 8 8303 3356, email kathy.gatford@adelaide.edu.au
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Maternal nutrition and growth hormone (GH) treatment during early- to mid-pregnancy can each alter the subsequent growth and differentiation of muscle in progeny. We have investigated the effects of varying maternal nutrition and maternal treatment with porcine (p) GH during the second quarter of pregnancy in gilts on semitendinosus muscle cross-sectional area and fibre composition of progeny, and relationships between maternal and progeny measures and progeny muscularity. Fifty-three Large White×Landrace gilts, pregnant to Large White×Duroc boars, were fed either 2·2 kg (about 35 % ad libitum intake) or 3·0 kg commercial ration (13·5 MJ digestible energy, 150 g crude protein (N×6·25)/kg DM)/d and injected with 0, 4 or 8 mg pGH/d from day 25 to 50 of pregnancy, then all were fed 2·2 kg/d for the remainder of pregnancy. The higher maternal feed allowance from day 25 to 50 of pregnancy increased the densities of total and secondary fibres and the secondary:primary fibre ratio in semitendinosus muscles of their female progeny at 61 d of age postnatally. The densities of secondary and total muscle fibres in semitendinosus muscles of progeny were predicted by maternal weight before treatment and maternal plasma insulin-like growth factor-II during treatment. Maternal pGH treatment from day 25 to day 50 of pregnancy did not alter fibre densities, but increased the cross-sectional area of the semitendinosus muscle; this may be partially explained by increased maternal plasma glucose. Thus, maternal nutrition and pGH treatment during the second quarter of pregnancy in pigs independently alter muscle characteristics in progeny.

Keywords

PregnancyProgrammingMusclePig
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 90 , Issue 2 , August 2003 , pp. 283 - 293
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

References

Ashmore, CR, Addis, PB & Doerr, L (1973) Development of muscle fibres in the fetal pig. J Anim Sci 36, 1088–1093.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Auldist, DE & King, RH (1995) Piglets’ role in determining milk production in the sow. In Manipulating Pig Production V. Proceedings of the Fifth Biennial Conference of the Australasian Pig Science Association. [Hennessy, DP and Cranwell, PD, editors]. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: APSA.Google Scholar
Barker, DJP (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life. 2nd ed., Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.Google Scholar
Bedi, KS, Birzgalis, AR, Mahon, M, Smart, JL & Wareham, AC (1982) Early life undernutrition in rats 1. Quantitative histology of skeletal muscles from underfed young and refed adult animals. Brit J Nutr 47, 417–431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carr, JM, Owens, JA, Grant, PA, Walton, PE, Owens, PC & Wallace, JC (1995) Circulating insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and tissue mRNA levels of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4 in the ovine fetus. J Endocrinol 145, 545–557.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dwyer, CM, Fletcher, JM & Stickland, NC (1993) Muscle cellularity and postnatal growth in the pig. J Anim Sci 71, 3339–3343.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dwyer, CM, Madgwick, AJA, Ward, SS & Stickland, NC (1995) Effect of maternal undernutrition in early gestation on the development of fetal myofibres in the guinea-pig. Reprod Fertil Dev 7, 1285–1292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dwyer, CM, Stickland, NC & Fletcher, JM (1994) The influence of maternal nutrition on muscle fiber number development in the porcine fetus and on subsequent postnatal growth. J Anim Sci 72, 911–917.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ekert, JE, Gatford, KL, Luxford, BG, Campbell, RG & Owens, PC (2000) Leptin expression in offspring is programmed by nutrition in pregnancy. J Endocrinol 165, R1–R6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Etherton, TD, Wiggins, JP & Evock, CM et al. (1987) Stimulation of pig growth performance by porcine growth hormone: Determination of the dose–response relationship. J Anim Sci 64, 433–443.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, PC, Ffolliott-Powell, FM & Harding, JE (1993) A colorimetric assay for amino nitrogen in small volumes of blood: reaction with β-napthoquinone sulphonate. Anal Biochem 208, 334–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Francis, GL, Owens, PC, McNeil, KA, Wallace, JC & Ballard, FJ (1989) Purification, amino acid sequences and assay cross-reactivities of porcine insulin-like growth factor-I and -II. J Endocrinol 122, 681–687.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gatford, KL, Owens, JA & Campbell, RG et al. (2000) Treatment of underfed pigs with GH throughout the second quarter of pregnancy increases fetal growth. J Endocrinol 166, 227–234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gopinath, R & Etherton, TD (1989) Effects of porcine growth hormone on glucose metabolism of pigs: I. Acute and chronic effects on plasma glucose and insulin status. J Anim Sci 67, 682–688.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graves, JAM (1998) Genomic imprinting, development and disease – is pre-eclampsia caused by a maternally imprinted gene? Reprod Fertil Dev 10, 23–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenwood, PL, Hunt, AS, Hermanson, JW & Bell, AW (1998) Effects of birth weight and postnatal nutrition on neonatal sheep: I. Body growth and composition, and some aspects of energetic efficiency. J Anim Sci 76, 2354–2367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guth, L & Samaha, FJ (1970) Procedure for the histochemical demonstration of actomyosin ATPase. Exp Neurol 28, 365–367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Handel, SE & Stickland, NC (1987) Muscle cellularity and birth weight. Anim Prod 44, 311–317.Google Scholar
Harrell, RJ, Thomas, MJ, Boyd, RD, Czerwinski, SM, Steele, NC & Bauman, DE (1999) Ontogenic maturation of the somatotropin/insulin-like growth factor axis. J Anim Sci 77, 2934–2941.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Howells, KF, Mathews, DR & Jordan, TC (1978) Effects of pre- and perinatal malnutrition on muscle fibres from fast and slow rat muscles. Res Exp Med 173, 35–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelley, RL, Jungst, SB, Spencer, TE, Owsley, WF, Rahe, CH & Mulvaney, DR (1995) Maternal treatment with growth hormone alters embryonic development and early postnatal growth of pigs. Domest Anim Endocrinol 12, 83–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kind, KL, Owens, JA & Robinson, JS et al. (1995) Effect of restriction of placental growth on expression of IGFs in fetal sheep: relationship to fetal growth, circulating IGFs and binding proteins. J Endocrinol 146, 23–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirkwood, RN, Peacock, AJ & Thacker, PA (1993) The influence of growth hormone injections either pre- or post-breeding on the reproductive performance of sows and gilts. Can J Anim Sci 73, 259–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klindt, J, Buonomo, FC, Yen, JT, Pond, WG & Mersmann, HJ (1995) Administration of porcine somatotropin by daily injection: growth and endocrine responses in genetically lean and obese barrows and gilts. J Anim Sci 73, 3294–3303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kveragas, CL, Seerley, RW, Martin, RJ & Vandergrift, WL (1986) Influence of exogenous growth hormone and gestational diet on sow blood and milk characteristics and on baby pig blood, body composition and performance. J Anim Sci 63, 1877–1887.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lok, F, Owens, JA, Mundy, L, Robinson, JS & Owens, PC (1996) Insulin-like growth factor I promotes growth selectively in fetal sheep in late gestation. Am J Physiol 270, R1148–R1155.Google ScholarPubMed
Lucas, A (1991) Programming by early nutrition in man. In The Childhood Environment and Adult Disease, pp. 38–55. [Bock, GR and Whelan, J, editors]. Chichester, Sussex: Wiley.Google Scholar
Martorell, R, Stein, AD & Schroeder, DG (2001) Early nutrition and later adiposity. J Nutr 131, 874S–880S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (1997) In Australian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes. 6th ed., Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.Google Scholar
Owens, JA, Kind, KL, Carbone, F, Robinson, JS & Owens, PC (1994) Circulating insulin-like growth factors-I and -II and substrates in fetal sheep following restriction of placental growth. J Endocrinol 140, 5–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owens, PC, Conlon, MA, Campbell, RG, Johnson, RJ, King, R & Ballard, FJ (1991) Developmental changes in growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) and IGF-binding proteins in plasma of young growing pigs. J Endocrinol 128, 439–447.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owens, PC, Johnson, RJ, Campbell, RG & Ballard, FJ (1990) Growth hormone increases insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and decreases IGF-II in plasma of growing pigs. J Endocrinol 124, 269–275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palmer, RM, Thompson, MG, Meallet, C, Thom, A, Aitken, RP & Wallace, JM (1998) Growth and metabolism of fetal and maternal muscles of adolescent sheep on high or adequate feed intakes: possible role of protein kinase C-α in fetal muscle growth. Brit J Nutr 79, 351–357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rehfeldt, C, Fiedler, I, Weikard, R, Kanitz, E, Ender, K (1993) It is possible to increase skeletal muscle fibre number in utero. Biosci Rep 13, 213–220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rehfeldt, C, Kuhn, G & Kanitz, E (1996) Fetal growth and skeletal muscle development in response to somatotropin treatment during early gestation. (Abstr) J Anim Sci 74, Suppl. 1, 142Google Scholar
Roberts, CT, Sohlstrom, A & Kind, KL et al. (2001) Altered placental structure induced by maternal food restriction in the guinea pig: a role for IGF-II and IGFBP-2 in the mother. Placenta 22, S77–S88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sohlstrom, A, Fernberg, P, Owens, JA & Owens, PC (2001) Maternal nutrition affects the ability of treatment with IGF-I and IGF-II to increase growth of the placenta and fetus in guinea pigs. Growth Horm IGF Res 11, 392–398.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spencer, GSG, Robinson, GM, Berry, CJ & Dobbie, PM (1994) Alteration of maternal growth hormone levels during pregnancy influences both fetal and postnatal growth in rats. Bio Neonat 66, 112–118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sterle, JA, Cantley, TC & Lamberson, WB et al. (1995) Effects of recombinant porcine growth hormone on placental size, fetal growth, and IGF-I and IGF-II concentrations in pigs. J Anim Sci 73, 2980–2985.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wallace, JM, Aitken, RP & Cheyne, MA (1996) Nutrient partitioning and fetal growth in rapidly growing adolescent ewes. J Reprod Fertil 107, 183–190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walton, PE & Etherton, TD (1986) Stimulation of lipogenesis by insulin in swine adipose tissue: Antagonism by porcine growth hormone. J Anim Sci 62, 1584–1595.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ward, SS & Stickland, NC (1991) Why are slow and fast muscles differentially affected during prenatal undernutrition? Muscle Nerve 14, 259–267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wigmore, PMC & Stickland, NC (1983) Muscle development in large and small pig fetuses. J Anat 137, 235–245.Google ScholarPubMed
Wilson, SJ, Ross, JJ & Harris, AJ (1988) A critical period for formation of secondary myotubes defined by prenatal undernourishment in rats. Development 102, 815–821.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed