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Inconsistent genetic structure among members of a multitrophic system: did bruchid parasitoids (Horismenus spp.) escape the effects of bean domestication?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 October 2012

S. Laurin-Lemay ,
B. Angers ,
B. Benrey  and
J. Brodeur
S. Laurin-Lemay
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, CanadaH3C 3J7
B. Angers
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, CanadaH3C 3J7
B. Benrey*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire d'Entomologie Évolutive, Université de Neuchâtel, 11 rue Emile-Argand, CP 158, CH-2009, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
J. Brodeur
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, CanadaH3C 3J7
*
*Author for correspondence Fax: +41 327183001 E-mail: betty.benrey@unine.ch
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Abstract

Anthropogenic range expansion and cultural practices have modified the distribution, abundance and genetic diversity of domesticated organisms, thereby altering multitrophic assemblages through space and time. The putative Mesoamerican domestication centre of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., in Mexico allows investigating the effects of plant domestication on the genetic structure of members of a multitrophic system. The aim of this study was to compare the evolutionary history of Horismenus parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) to those of their bruchid beetle hosts (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and their domesticated host plant (P. vulgaris), in the context of traditional agriculture in Mexico. We analyzed the population genetic structure of four Horismenus species in Mexico using mitochondrial COI haplotype data. The two most abundant parasitoid species were Horismenus depressus and Horismenus missouriensis. Horismenus missouriensis were infected by Wolbachia endosymbionts and had little to no population differentiation (FST = 0.06). We suspect the mitochondrial history of H. missouriensis to be blurred by Wolbachia, because differentiation among infected vs. non-infected individuals exists (FST = 0.11). Populations of H. depressus were found to be highly differentiated (FST = 0.34), but the genetic structuring could not be explained by tested spatial components. We then compared the genetic structure observed in this parasitoid species to previously published studies on bruchid beetles and their host plants. Despite extensive human-mediated migration and likely population homogenization of its two Acanthoscelides bruchid beetle hosts, H. depressus populations are structured like its host plant, by a recent dispersal from a diverse ancestral gene pool. Distinct evolutionary dynamics may explain inconsistent patterns among trophic levels. Parasitoids likely migrate from wild bean populations and are poorly adapted to bean storage conditions similar to their bruchid beetle hosts. Integrating several trophic levels to the study of evolutionary history has proven to be fruitful in detecting different ecological responses to human-mediated disturbances and host parasite interactions.

Keywords

Wolbachiacomparative phylogeographyhuman-mediated migrationplant domesticationmultitrophic systemparasitoids
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 103 , Issue 2 , April 2013 , pp. 182 - 192
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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