Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T02:32:08.208Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Why Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) egg parasitoids of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fail on chickpea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

J. Romeis ,
T.G. Shanower  and
C.P.W. Zebitz
J. Romeis*
Affiliation:
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India: Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Germany
T.G. Shanower
Affiliation:
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India:
C.P.W. Zebitz
Affiliation:
Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Germany
*
*Bayer AG, Central Research Division, Agricultural Centre Monheim, Building 6220, 40789 Monheim, Germany. Fax: +49 2173 384932
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Trichogramma spp. egg parasitoids are generally absent in eggs of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) collected from chickpea, Cicer arietinum. In this study, the plant characters responsible for the absence of egg parasitoids and the feasibility of increasing parasitism levels on chickpea by mass-releasing Trichogramma chilonis Ishii were investigated. The residence time of female T. chilonison chickpea leaves was affected by trichomes and the acidic trichome exudates secreted on all green parts of the plant. The parasitoids spent a longer time on chickpea leaves where the acidic trichome exudates had been washed off than on unwashed leaves, and longer on leaves of a glabrous chickpea mutant than on washed leaves. When placed on unwashed chickpea leaves, 6.8% of the parasitoids were trapped and killed by the exudates. In a filter paper bioassay, female T. chilonis were deterred by high concentrations of malic and oxalic acids, the major components of the trichome exudate. Acetone and hexane extracts from the surface of chickpea leaves did not elicit a response from the parasitoids in the bioassay. Similarly, the parasitoids did not respond to volatiles emitted by chickpea plants in a four-armed airflow olfactometer. No parasitized eggs were collected from a chickpea field in which T. chiloniswere released five times at a weekly interval at a rate of > 137,000 females ha–1. Sticky trap catches showed that no parasitoid population was sustained in the release field.

Type
Review Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 89 , Issue 1 , January 1999 , pp. 89 - 95
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andow, D.A. & Prokrym, D.R. (1990) Plant structural complexity and host-finding by a parasitoid. Oecologia 82, 162–165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Armes, N.J., Bond, G.S. & Cooter, R.J. (1992) The laboratory culture and development of Helicoverpa armigera. Natural Resources Institute Bulletin No. 57, Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, UK.Google Scholar
Balasubramanian, S., Arora, R.S. & Pawar, A.D. (1989) Biological control of Heliothis armigera (Hubn.) using Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and nuclear polyhedrosis virus in Sriganganagar district of Rajasthan. Plant Protection Bulletin, India 41, 1–3.Google Scholar
Bar, D., Gerling, D. & Rossler, Y. (1979) Bionomics of the principal natural enemies attacking Heliothis armigera in cotton fields in Israel. Environmental Entomology 8, 468–474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhatnagar, V.S., Sithanantham, S., Pawar, C.S., Jadhav, D., Rao, V.R. & Reed, W. (1983) Conservation and augmentation of natural enemies with reference to integrated pest management in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.). pp. 157–180in Matteson, P.C.(Ed.) Proceedings of the international workshop in integrated pest control for grain legumesGoiania, Brazil, 3–9 April 1983Departamento de Difusao de Technologia, EMBRAPA.Google Scholar
Cabello, T. & Vargas, P. (1985) Estudio con olfactometro de la influencia de la planta y del insecto huesped en la actividad de busqueda de Trichogramma cordubensis Vargas y Cabello y de T. sp. p. buesi (Hym., Trichogrammatidae). Boletín del Servicio de Defensa contra Plagas e Inspección Fitopatológica 11, 237–241.Google Scholar
Cubero, J.I. (1987) Morphology of chickpea. pp. 35–66in Saxena, M.C. & Singh, K.B. (Eds) The chickpea. Wallingford, CAB International.Google Scholar
Farrar, R.R. Jr, Barbour, J.D. & Kennedy, G.G. (1994) Field evaluation of insect resistance in a wild tomato and its effects on insect parasitoids. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 71, 211–226.Google Scholar
Gangaraddi, L.L. (1987) Studies on natural enemies of Heliothis armigera (Hübner) infesting bengalgram (Cicer arietinum Linnaeus) with special reference to Trichogramma achaeae (Nagaraja and Nagarkatti). Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Supplement 21, 92–93.Google Scholar
Jodha, N.S. & Subba Rao, K.V. (1987) Chickpea: world importance and distribution. pp. 1–10in Saxena, M.C. & Singh, KB.(Eds) The chickpea. Wallingford, CAB International.Google Scholar
Kashyap, R.K., Kennedy, G.G. & Farrar, R.R. Jr. (1991a) Behavioral response of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and Telenomus sphingis (Ashmead) to trichome/methyl ketone mediated resistance in tomato. Journal of Chemical Ecology 17, 543–556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kashyap, R.K., Kennedy, G.G. & Farrar, R.R. Jr. (1991b) Mortality and inhibition of Helicoverpa zea egg parasitism rates by Trichogramma in relation to trichome/methyl ketone-mediated insect resistance of Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum, accession PI 134417. Journal of Chemical Ecology 17, 2381–2395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kauffman, W.C. & Kennedy, G.G. (1989) Relationship between trichome density in tomato and parasitism of Heliothis spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs by Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Environmental Entomology 18, 698–704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, M.A. (1987) Influence of leaf surfaces on movements by the hymenopterous parasitoid Trichogramma exiguum. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 43, 55–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, M.A., Lewis, W.J. & Stinner, R.E. (1985) Biological and practical significance of movement by Trichogramma species: a review. Southwestern Entomologist, Supplement 8, 138–155.Google Scholar
Lal, S.S., Yadava, C.P. & Dias, C.A.R. (1985) Assessment of crop losses in chick-pea caused by Heliothis armigera. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 33, 27–35.Google Scholar
Lukianchuk, J.L. & Smith, S.M. (1997) Influence of plant structural complexity on the foraging success of Trichogramma minutum: a comparison of search on artificial and foliage models. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 84, 221–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, D.A.H. & Rynne, K.P. (1994) Effect of host plant on parasitism of Helicoverpa armigera (Lep.: Noctuidae) by Microplitis demolitor (Hym.: Braconidae). Entomophaga 39, 251–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, D.A.H., Rynne, K.P., Winterton, S.L., Bean, J.A. & Lloyd, R.J. (1995) Effect of host plant on parasitism of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by two introduced parasitoids, Hyposoter didymator Thunberg (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Cotesia kazak (Telenga) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 34, 71–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noldus Information Technology (1993) The Observer, Base Package for DOS. Reference Manual, Version 3.0. Wageningen, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Obrycki, J.J. & Tauber, M.J. (1984) Natural enemy activity on glandular pubescent potato plants in the greenhouse: an unreliable predictor of effects in the field. Environmental Entomology 13, 679–683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pundir, R.P.S. & Reddy, K.N. (1989) Induction, genetics and possible use of glabrousness in chickpea. Euphytica 42, 141–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rabb, R.L. & Bradley, J.R. (1968) The influence of host plants on parasitism of the eggs of the tobacco budworm. Journal of Economic Entomology 61, 1249–1252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reed, W., Cardona, C., Sithanantham, S. & Lateef, S.S. (1987) Chickpea insect pests and their control. pp. 283–318in Saxena, M.C. & Singh, K.B.(Eds) The chickpea. Wallingford, CAB International.Google Scholar
Rembold, H. & Weigner, C. (1990) Chemical composition of chickpea, Cicer arietinum, exudate. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 45c, 922–923.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romeis, J. & Shanower, T.G. (1996) Arthropod natural enemies of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in India. Biocontrol Science and Technology 6, 481–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romeis, J., Shanower, T.G. & Zebitz, C.P.W. (1997) Volatile plant infochemicals mediate host plant preference of Trichogramma chilonis. Journal of Chemical Ecology 23, 2455–2465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romeis, J., Shanower, T.G. & Jyothirmayi, K.N.S. (1998a) Constraints on the use of Trichogramma egg parasitoids in biological control programmes in India. Biocontrol Science and Technology 8, 289–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romeis, J., Shanower, T.G. & Zebitz, C.P.W. (1998b) Physical and chemical plant characters inhibiting the searching behaviour of Trichogramma chilonis. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 87, 275–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romeis, J., Shanower, T.G. & Zebitz, C.P.W. (1998c) Response of Trichogramma egg parasitoids to colored sticky traps. BioControl 43, 17–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sithanantham, S., Bhatnagar, V.S., Jadhav, D.R. & Reed, W. (1982) Some aspects of Trichogramma spp. in eggs of Heliothis armigera (Hb.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Paper presented at the international symposium on Trichogramma and other egg parasitoids, Antibes, France, 12 pp. (limited distribution).Google Scholar
Snedecor, G.W. & Cochran, W.G. (1980) Statistical methods, 2nd edn. Ames, Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Titmarsh, I.J. (1992) Mortality of immature Lepidoptera: a case study with Heliothis species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in agricultural crops in the Darling Downs. PhD thesis, University of Queensland, Australia.Google Scholar
Treacy, M.F., Zummo, G.R. & Benedict, J.H. (1985) Interactions of host-plant resistance in cotton with predators and parasites. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 13, 151–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treacy, M.F., Benedict, J.H., Segers, J.C., Morrison, R.K. & Lopez, J.D. (1986) Role of cotton trichome density in bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) egg parasitism. Environmental Entomology 15, 365–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yadav, D.N., Patel, R.C. & Patel, D.S. (1985) Impact of inundative releases of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii against Heliothis armigera (Hbn.) in Gujarat (India). Journal of Entomological Research 9, 153–159.Google Scholar
Yoshida, M., Cowgill, S.E. & Wightman, J.A. (1995) Mechanism of resistance to Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in chickpea: role of oxalic acid in leaf exudate as an antibiotic factor. Journal of Economic Entomology 88, 1783–1786.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshida, M., Cowgill, S.E. & Wightman, J.A. (1997) Roles of oxalic acid and malic acid in chickpea trichome exudate in host-plant resistance to Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 23, 1195–1210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar