Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T11:15:27.723Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Assessment of beetle diversity, community composition and potential threats to forestry using kairomone-baited traps

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 August 2016

S. Olivier-Espejel ,
B.P. Hurley  and
J. Garnas
S. Olivier-Espejel*
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
B.P. Hurley
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
J. Garnas
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
*
*Address for correspondence Phone: +1 603 862 2094 Fax: +1 603 862 4976 E-mail: Sarai.Olivier@fabi.up.ac.za
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Traps designed to capture insects during normal movement/dispersal, or via attraction to non-specific (plant) volatile lures, yield by-catch that carries valuable information about patterns of community diversity and composition. In order to identify potential native/introduced pests and detect predictors of colonization of non-native pines, we examined beetle assemblages captured in intercept panel traps baited with kairomone lures used during a national monitoring of the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in Southern Africa. We identified 50 families and 436 morphospecies of beetles from nine sites sampled in both 2008 and 2009 and six areas in 2007 (trap catch pooled by region) across a latitudinal and elevational gradient. The most diverse groups were mainly those strongly associated with trees, known to include damaging pests. While native species dominated the samples in terms of richness, the dominant species was the introduced bark beetle Orthotomicus erosus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) (22 ± 34 individuals/site). Four Scolytinae species without previous records in South Africa, namely Coccotrypes niger, Hypocryphalus robustus (formerly Hypocryphalus mangiferae), Hypothenemus birmanus and Xyleborus perforans, were captured in low abundances. Communities showed temporal stability within sites and strong biogeographic patterns across the landscape. The strongest single predictors of community composition were potential evaporation, latitude and maximum relative humidity, while the strongest multifactor model contained elevation, potential evaporation and maximum relative humidity. Temperature, land use variables and distance to natural areas did not significantly correlate with community composition. Non-phytophagous beetles were also captured and were highly diverse (32 families) perhaps representing important beneficial insects.

Keywords

ColeopteraScolytinaebeetle assemblageSirex noctilioby-catchnonnative
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 107 , Issue 1 , February 2017 , pp. 106 - 117
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Al Adawi, A.O., Al Jabri, R.M., Deadman, M.L., Barnes, I., Wingfield, B. & Wingfield, M.J. (2013) The mango sudden decline pathogen, Ceratocystis manginecans, is vectored by Hypocryphalus mangiferae (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in Oman. European Journal of Plant Pathology 135, 243–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aukema, J.E., McCullough, D.G., Von Holle, B., Liebhold, A.M., Britton, K. & Frankel, S.J. (2010) Historical accumulation of nonindigenous forest pests in the continental United States. BioScience 60, 886–897.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Babin-Fenske, J., Anand, M. & Alarie, Y. (2008) Rapid morphological change in stream beetle museum specimens correlates with climate change. Ecological Entomology 33, 646–651.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baylis, N.T., De Ronde, C. & James, D.B. (1986) Observations of damage of a secondary nature following a wild fire at the Otterford State Forest. South African Forestry Journal 137, 36–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berndt, L.A., Brockerhoff, E.G. & Jactel, H. (2008) Relevance of exotic pine plantations as a surrogate habitat for ground beetles (Carabidae) where native forest is rare. Biodiversity and Conservation 17, 1171–1185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brockerhoff, E.G., Bain, J., Kimberley, M. & Knížek, M. (2006 a) Interception frequency of exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) and relationship with establishment in New Zealand and worldwide. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, 289–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brockerhoff, E.G., Jones, D.C., Kimberley, M.O., Suckling, D.M. & Donaldson, T. (2006 b) Nationwide survey for invasive wood-boring and bark beetles (Coleoptera) using traps baited with pheromones and kairomones. Forest Ecology and Management 228, 234–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchholz, S., Kreuels, M., Kronshage, A., Terlutter, H. & Finch, O.D. (2011) Bycatches of ecological field studies: bothersome or valuable? Methods in Ecology and Evolution 2, 99–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CABI (2016) Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK, CAB International. Available online at http://www.cabi.org/isc Google Scholar
Chao, N., Gotelli, N.J., Hsieh, T.C., Sander, E.L., Ma, K.H., Colwell, R.K. & Ellison, A.M. (2014) Rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers: a framework for sampling and estimation in species diversity studies. Ecological Monographs 84, 45–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Z., Grady, K., Stephens, S., Villa-Castillo, J. & Wagner, M.R. (2006) Fuel reduction treatment and wildfire influence on carabid and tenebrionid community assemblages in the ponderosa pine forest of northern Arizona, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 225, 168–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crook, D.J., Francese, J.A., Rietz, M.L., Lance, D.R., Hull-Sanders, H.M., Mastro, V.C., Silk, P. J. & Ryall, K.L. (2014) Improving detection tools for emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): comparison of multifunnel traps, prism traps, and lure types at varying population densities. Journal of Economic Entomology 107, 1496–1501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DiGirolomo, M.F. & Dodds, K.J. (2014) Cerambycidae bycatch from Asian longhorned beetle survey traps placed in forested environs. Northeastern Naturalist 21, N28–N34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estoup, A. & Guillemaud, T. (2010) Reconstructing routes of invasion using genetic data: why, how and so what? Molecular Ecology 19, 4113–4130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Etxebeste, I., Lencina, J.L. & Pajares, J. (2013) Saproxylic community, guild and species responses to varying pheromone components of a pine bark beetle. Bulletin of Entomological Research 103, 497–510.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fattorini, S. (2010) Effects of fire on tenebrionid communities of a Pinus pinea plantation: a case study in a Mediterranean site. Biodiversity and Conservation 19, 1237–1250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fraedrich, S.W., Harrington, T.C., Rabaglia, R.J., Ulyshen, M.D., Mayfield, A.E. III, Hanula, J.L., Eickwort, J.M. & Miller, D.R. (2008) A fungal symbiont of the redbay ambrosia beetle causes a lethal wilt in redbay and other Lauraceae in the southeastern United States. Plant Disease 92, 215–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garnas, J., Roux, J., Hurley, B., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M.J. (2016 a) Insects and diseases of Mediterranean forests: A South African perspective. pp. 397–430 in Paine, T.D. & Lieutier, F. (Eds) Insects and Diseases of Mediterranean Forest Systems. Switzerland, Springer International Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garnas, J., Auger-Rozenberg, M. & Roques, A., Bertelsmeier, C., Wingfield, M.J., Saccaggi, D.L., Roy, H.E. & Slippers, B. (2016 b) Complex patterns of global spread in invasive insects: eco-evolutionary and management consequences. Biological Invasions 18, 935–952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gebeyehu, S. & Wingfield, M.J. (2003) Pine weevil Pissodes nemorensis: threat to South African pine plantations and options for control: review article. South African Journal of Science 99, 531.Google Scholar
Gray, B. (1968) Forest tree and timber insect pests in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. Pacific Insects 10, 301–323.Google Scholar
Goslee, S.C. & Urban, D.L. (2007) The ecodist package for dissimilarity-based analysis of ecological data. Journal of Statistical Software 22, 1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gotelli, N.J. & Colwell, R.K. (2011) Estimating species richness. pp. 39–54 in Magurran, A.E. & McGill, B.J. (Eds) Biological Diversity: Frontiers in Measuring Biodiversity. New York, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gunther, M.J. & New, T.R. (2003) Exotic pine plantations in Victoria, Australia: a threat to epigaeic beetle (Coleoptera) assemblages? Journal of Insect Conservation 7, 73–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haack, R.A. (2001) Intercepted Scolytidae (Coleoptera) at US ports of entry: 1985–2000. Integrated Pest Management Reviews 6, 253–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haack, R.A. & Rabaglia, R.J. (2013) Exotic bark and ambrosia beetles in the USA: potential and current invaders. pp. 48–74 in Peña, J. (Ed.) Potential Invasive Pests of Agricultural Crops. Boston, MA, CAB International.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatten, T.D., Looney, C., Strange, J.P. & Bosque-Pérez, N.A. (2013) Bumble bee fauna of Palouse Prairie: survey of native bee pollinators in a fragmented ecosystem. Journal of Insect Science 13, 1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsieh, T.C., Ma, K.H. & Chao, A. (2014) iNEXT: iNterpolation and EXTrapolation for species diversity. R package version 2.0. Available online at http://chao.stat.nthu.edu.tw/blog/software-download Google Scholar
Hulcr, J., and Dunn, R.R. (2011) The sudden emergence of pathogenicity in insect-fungus symbioses threatens naive forest ecosystems. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, 2866–2873.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hurley, B.P., Slippers, B. & Wingfield, M.J. (2007) A comparison of control results for the alien invasive woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in the Southern Hemisphere. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 9, 159–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurley, B.P., Croft, P., Verleur, M., Wingfield, M.J. & Slippers, B. (2012) The control of the Sirex woodwasp in diverse environments: the South African experience. pp. 247–264 in Slippers, B., de Groot, P. & Wingfield, M.J. (Eds) The Sirex Woodwasp and its Fungal Symbiont: Research and Management of a Worldwide Invasive Pest. Netherlands, Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurley, B.P., Garnas, J. & Cooperb, M.F. (2015) Assessing trap and lure effectiveness for the monitoring of Sirex noctilio . Agricultural and Forest Entomology 17, 64–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurley, B.P., Garnas, J., Wingfield, M.J., Branco, M., Richardson, D.M., Slippers, B. (2016) Increasing numbers and intercontinental spread of invasive insects on eucalypts. Biological Invasions 18, 921–933.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jactel, H., Brockerhoff, E. & Duelli, P. (2005) A test of the biodiversity-stability theory: meta-analysis of tree species diversity effects on insect pest infestations, and re-examination of responsible factors. pp. 235–262 in Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Körner, C. & Schulze, E.D. (Eds) Forest Diversity and Function, Berlin Heidelberg, Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalshoven, L.G.E. (1964) The occurrence of Xyleborus perforans (Woll.) and X. similis in Java (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). Beaufortia 11, 131–142.Google Scholar
Keane, R.M. & Crawley, M.J. (2002) Exotic plant invasions and the enemy release hypothesis. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17, 164–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelsey, R.G. & Joseph, G. (1997) Ambrosia beetle host selection among logs of douglas fir, western hemlock, and western red cedar with different ethanol and α-pinene concentrations. Journal of Chemical Ecology 23, 1035–1051.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkendall, L.R. (1983) The evolution of mating systems in bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 77, 293–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kromp, B. (1999) Carabid beetles in sustainable agriculture: a review on pest control efficacy, cultivation impacts and enhancement. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 74, 187–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lantschner, M.V., Villacide, J.M., Garnas, J.R., Croft, P., Carnegie, A.J., Liebhold, A.M. & Corley, J.C. (2014) Temperature explains variable spread rates of the invasive woodwasp Sirex noctilio in the Southern Hemisphere. Biological Invasions 16, 329–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lord, N.P., Nearns, E.H. & Miller, K.B. (2011) Ironclad ID: Tool for Diagnosing Ironclad and Cylindrical Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Zopheridae) of North America North of Mexico. USA, The University of New Mexico and Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, USDA, APHIS, PPQ. Available at: http://coleopterasystematics.com/ironcladid/index.html Google Scholar
Maleque, M.A., Maeto, K. & Ishii, H.T. (2009) Arthropods as bioindicators of sustainable forest management, with a focus on plantation forests. Applied Entomology and Zoology 44, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, A., Etxebeste, I., Pérez, G., Álvarez, G., Sánchez, E. & Pajares, J. (2013) Modified pheromone traps help reduce bycatch of bark-beetle natural enemies. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 15, 86–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, D.R. & Rabaglia, R.J. (2009) Ethanol and (−)-α-pinene: Attractant kairomones for bark and ambrosia beetles in the southeastern US. Journal of Chemical Ecology 35, 435–448.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oksanen, J., Blanchet, G.F., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., Minchin, P.R., O'Hara, R.B., Simpson, G.L., Solymos, P., Stevens, M.H.H. & Wagner, H. (2015) vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.3–0. Available online at http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan Google Scholar
Pawson, S.M., Brockerhoff, E.G., Meenken, E.D. & Didham, R.K. (2008) Non-native plantation forests as alternative habitat for native forest beetles in a heavily modified landscape. Biodiversity and Conservation 17, 1127–1148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perez-De La Cruz, M., Equihua-Martinez, A., Romero-Napoles, J., Sanchez-Soto, S. & Garcia-Lopez, E. (2009) Diversity, dynamic population and host plants of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated to the cocoa agroecosystem in Tabasco, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 80, 779–791.Google Scholar
Prinsloo, G. & Uys, V. (Eds.) (2014) Insects of Cultivated Plants and Natural Pastures in Southern Africa. Pretoria, Entomological Society of Southern Africa.Google Scholar
R Core Team (2015) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available online at http://www.R-project.org/ Google Scholar
Roux, J., Hurley, B.P. & Wingfield, M.J. (2012) Diseases and pests of eucalypts, pines and wattle. pp. 303–336 in Bredenkamp, B.V. & Upfold, S.J. (Eds) South African Forestry Handbook. 5th edn. South Africa, South African Institute for Forestry.Google Scholar
Ryan, K., de Groot, P. & Smith, S.M. (2012) Evidence of interaction between Sirex noctilio and other species inhabiting the bole of Pinus . Agricultural and Forest Entomology 14, 187–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlyter, F. (1992) Sampling range, attraction range, and effective attraction radius: estimates of trap efficiency and communication distance in coleopteran pheromone and host attractant systems. Journal of Applied Entomology 114, 439–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scholtz, C.H. & Holm, E. (2012) Insects of Southern Africa. 2nd edn. Pretoria, South Africa, Butterworths.Google Scholar
Shepherd, W.P., Sullivan, B.T., Goyer, R.A. & Klepzig, K.D. (2005) Electrophysiological and olfactometer responses of two histerid predators to three pine bark beetle pheromones. Journal of Chemical Ecology 31, 1101–1110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Skvarla, M.J. & Holland, J.D. (2011) Nontarget insects caught on emerald ash borer purple monitoring traps in western Pennsylvania. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 28, 219–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slippers, B., Hurley, B.P., Wingfield, M.J. (2015) Sirex woodwasp: a model for evolving management paradigms of invasive forest pests. Annual Review of Entomology 60, 601–619.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spears, L.R. & Ramirez, R.A. (2015) Learning to love leftovers. American Entomologist 61, 168–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, C. (1993) Survey of arthropods from billets of Pinus following infestation by Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Northeaster New South Wales. Australian Journal of Entomology 32, 289–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, C., Goodyer, G., Sims, K., Penman, T. and Carnegie, A. (2010) Beetle assemblages captured using static panel traps within New South Wales pine plantations. Australian Journal of Entomology 49, 304–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taerum, S.J., Duong, T.A., De Beer, Z.W., Gillette, N., Sun, J.H., Owen, D.R. & Wingfield, M.J. (2013) Large shift in symbiont assemblage in the invasive red turpentine beetle. PLoS ONE 8, e78126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, D.B. (2003) Nontarget insects captured in fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) surveillance traps. Journal of Economic Entomology 96, 1732–1737.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, M.C. (2002) Family 81. Passandridae Erichson 1845. pp. 327–328 in Arnett, R.H. Jr., Thomas, M.C., Skelley, P.E. and Frank, J.H. (Eds) American Beetles, Volume 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. Boca Raton, CRC Press.Google Scholar
Tribe, G.D. (1990) Phenology of Pinus radiata log colonization and reproduction by the European bark beetle Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston)(Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the south-western Cape Province. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 53, 117–126.Google Scholar
Tribe, G.D. (1992) Colonisation sites on Pinus radiata logs of the bark beetles, Orthotomicus erosus, Hylastes angustatus and Hylurgus ligniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 55, 77–84.Google Scholar
Tribe, G.D. (1995) The woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), a pest of Pinus species, now established in South Africa. African Entomology, 3, 215–217.Google Scholar
Tribe, G.D. & Cillié, J.J. (2004) The spread of Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in South African pine plantations and the introduction and establishment of its biological control agents. African Entomology 12, 9.Google Scholar
Tribe, G.D. & Kfir, R. (2001) The establishment of Dendrosoter caenopachoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) introduced into South Africa for the biological control of Orthotomicus erosus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), with additional notes on D. sp. nr. labdacus . African Entomology 9, 195–198.Google Scholar
Turchin, P. & Odendaal, F.J. (1996) Measuring the effective sampling area of a pheromone trap for monitoring population density of southern pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environmental Entomology 25, 582–588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turchin, P. & Thoeny, W.T. (1993) Quantifying dispersal of southern pine beetles with mark-recapture experiments and a diffusion model. Ecological Applications 3, 187–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
UK CAB International (1973) Xyleborus Perforans. [Distribution map]. Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, December. Wallingford, UK, CAB International, Map 320.Google Scholar
Vandermeer, J., van Noordwijk, M., Anderson, J., Ong, C. & Perfecto, I. (1998) Global change and multi-species agroecosystems: concepts and issues. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 67, 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vergara, C.H. & Badano, E.I. (2009) Pollinator diversity increases fruit production in Mexican coffee plantations: the importance of rustic management systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 129, 117–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamson, M. & Fitter, A. (1996) The varying success of invaders. Ecology 77, 1661–1666.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wingfield, M.J., Garnas, J., Hajek, A., Hurley, B.P., De Beer, Z.W. & Taerum, S.J. (2016) Novel and co-evolved associations between insects and microorganisms as drivers of forest pestilence. Biological Invasions 18, 1045–1056.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, S.L. & Bright, D.E. (1992) A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), part 2: taxonomic index volume A. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 13, 1–833.Google Scholar
Wylie, F.R., Peters, B., DeBaar, M., King, J. & Fitzgerald, C. (1999) Managing attack by bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in fire-damaged Pinus plantations and salvaged logs in Queensland, Australia. Australian Forestry 62, 148–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamashiro, T. & Myazaki, I. (1985) Principal pests and diseases of mango-Mangifera indica L.-in the State of São Paulo and updated control methods. Biológico 51, 41–50.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Olivier-Espejel supplementary material

Supplementary Figures and Table

Download Olivier-Espejel supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 752.7 KB