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Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from the Philippines: habitat distribution, δ-endotoxin diversity, and toxicity to rice stem borers (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

W. Theunis ,
R.M. Aguda ,
W.T. Cruz ,
C. Decock ,
M. Peferoen ,
B. Lambert ,
D.G. Bottrell ,
F.L. Gould ,
J.A. Litsinger  and
M.B. Cohen
W. Theunis
Affiliation:
Entomology and Plant Pathology Division, International Rice Research Institute, PO Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines:
R.M. Aguda
Affiliation:
Entomology and Plant Pathology Division, International Rice Research Institute, PO Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines:
W.T. Cruz
Affiliation:
Entomology and Plant Pathology Division, International Rice Research Institute, PO Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines:
C. Decock
Affiliation:
Plant Genetic Systems, N.V., J. Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium:
M. Peferoen
Affiliation:
Plant Genetic Systems, N.V., J. Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium:
B. Lambert
Affiliation:
Plant Genetic Systems, N.V., J. Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium:
D.G. Bottrell
Affiliation:
Entomology and Plant Pathology Division, International Rice Research Institute, PO Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines:
F.L. Gould
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695, USA
J.A. Litsinger
Affiliation:
Entomology and Plant Pathology Division, International Rice Research Institute, PO Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines:
M.B. Cohen*
Affiliation:
Entomology and Plant Pathology Division, International Rice Research Institute, PO Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines:
*
* Fax: (63 2) 845 0606 E-mail: m.cohen@cgnet.com
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Abstract

Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner isolates were detected in 57% of 801 samples of rice grain dust, soil, rice field arthropods, and miscellaneous habitats (rice straw compost and mammal faeces) collected at 100 sites in the Philippines. The collection yielded 3950 isolates of B. thuringiensis (8.7 isolates/positive sample). Grain dust from rice mills was the richest source (63% of the samples were positive, with 10.2 isolates/positive sample), followed by rice field arthropods, soil, and miscellaneous habitats. Polyclonal antibodies to six δ-endotoxin groups (Cry1A, Cry1B, Cry1C, Cry1D, Cry1E, and Cry3A) were used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to characterize the toxins produced by each isolate. Subsamples of isolates representing the diversity of isolate sources and δ-endotoxin profiles were bioassayed against the yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) and striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker). Eighteen isolates highly toxic to both species were selected for characterization of δ-endotoxin genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers specific to 14 genes or gene subfamilies, and Western blotting with Cry2A antibodies. At least two novel δ-endotoxin genes, related to cry1B and cry1F, were detected by DNA sequencing of PCR products.

Type
Review Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 88 , Issue 3 , June 1998 , pp. 335 - 342
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998

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