Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T11:23:26.488Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Biting rhythms of some Pakistan mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

W. K. Reisen  and
M. Aslamkhan
W. K. Reisen
Affiliation:
Pakistan Medical Research Center, 6 Birdwood Road, Lahore, Pakistan
M. Aslamkhan
Affiliation:
Pakistan Medical Research Center, 6 Birdwood Road, Lahore, Pakistan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A total of 18 873 mosquitoes comprising 18 species in 4 genera was collected during a series of 12 monthly all-night collections on bovid baits near the village of Sattoki, Punjab Province, Pakistan. Anopheles pulcherrimus Theo. and usually An. Culicifacies Giles and An. Stephensi List. had unimodal biting rhythms. Mansonia uniformis (Theo.), An. Annularis Wulp and An. Nigerrimus Giles had essentially unimodal rhythms, with most feeding occurring early in the evening but with occasional very slight morning increases.Aedes caspius (Pall.), Culex pseudovishnui Colless, C. tritaeniorhynchus Giles and usually An. Subpictus Grassi had distinctly bimodal biting rhythms, with well-defined early evening and predawn peaks. An. culicifacies, An. Stephensi and An. Subpictus occasionally had multimodal rhythms or were arhythmic. Some species exhibited more than one type of biting curve. In species having a distinct bimodal curve, the amplitude of the predawn or dawn increase varied considerably from month to month. The anophelines, especially An. culicifacies, An. Stephensi and An. Subpictus, exhibited a marked seasonal shift in feeding times, with most biting occurring at dusk during the cold period and late at night during the warm period. However, all components of the biting curves for these species were maintained at varying magnitude throughout the year, perhaps suggesting seasonal variations in the relative frequency of more than one behavioural genome. The remaining species exhibited little or no seasonal change in biting rhythms

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 68 , Issue 2 , July 1978 , pp. 313 - 330
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1978

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ansari, M. A. R. & Nasir, A. S. (1955). A preliminary note on anophelism of Lahore suburbs.—Pakist. J. Hlth. 4, 212–223.Google ScholarPubMed
Aslam, Y., Reisen, W. K. & Aslamkhan, M.. (1977). The influence of physiological age on the biting rhythm of Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) —S.E. asian J. trop. Med. publ. Hlth 8, 364–367.Google Scholar
Aslamkhan, M. & Salman, C.(1969). The bionomics of the mosquitoes of the Changa Manga National Forest, West Pakistan.—Pakist. J. Zool. 1, 183–205.Google Scholar
Basio, R. G. & Santos-Basio, L. (1974). On Philippine mosquitoes. XIV. Biting cycles of some species in their natural forest habitat, with particular reference to Acdes albopictus.—Kalikasan 3, 155–165.Google Scholar
Bhatia, M. L. & Krishnan, K. S. (1960). A. culicifacies Giles, 1901, pp. 147–186 in Vectors of malaria in India.—2nd edn, 242 pp. Delhi, National Society of India for Malaria and other Mosquito-Borne Diseases.Google Scholar
Colless, D. H. (1957). Components of the catch curve of Culex annulus in Singapore.—Nature. Lond. 180, 1496–1497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coluzzi, M. (1972). Inversion polymorphism and adult emergence in Anopheles stephensi.—Science, N.Y. 176, 59–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coluzzi, M., Sabatini, A., Petrarca, V. & Di Deco, M. A. (1977). Behavioural divergences between mosquitoes with different inversion karyotypes in polymorphic populations of the Anopheles gambiae complex.—Nature, Lond. 266, 832–833.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eshghy, N. & Janbakhsh, B. (1977). The biting activity of Anopheles stephensi in two Iranian villages sprayed with organophosphorous insecticides.—Mosqito News 37, 756–759.Google Scholar
Haddow, A. J. (1945). The mosquitoes of Bwamba County, Uganda. II. Biting activity with special reference to the influence of microclimate.—Bull. ent. Res. 36, 33–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, M. D. R. (1974). Inversion polymorphism and circadian flight activity in the mosquito Anopheles stephensi List. (Diptera, Culicidae).—Bull. ent. Res. 64, 305–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kanda, T., Joo, C. Y. & Choi, D. W. (1975). Epidemiological studies on Malayan filariasis in an inland area in Kyungpook, Korea. (2) The periodicity of the microfilariae and the bionomics of the vector.—Mosquito News 35, 513–517.Google Scholar
Katȏ, M. & Toriumi, M. (1951). Studies on the associative ecology of insects. III. Nocturnal activity of Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and A nopheles hyrcanus sinensis Wiedemann.—Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Univ. Ser. 4 (Biology) 19, 1–6.Google Scholar
Kawai, S., Wada, Y. & Omori, N. (1967). Preliminary note of the swarming of Culex tritaeniorhynchus.—Trop. Med., Nagasaki 9, 58–64.Google Scholar
Ludlam, K. W. (1971). Feeding behavior of six common anophelines of West Pakistan.— Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Maryland.Google Scholar
Mogi, M., Kawai, S., Oda, T., Nishigaki, J., Suenga, O., Ito, S., Miyagi, I., Wada, Y. & Omori, N. (1970). Ecology of vector mosquitoes of Japanese encephalitis, especially of Culex tritaeniorhynchus. 3. Seasonal changes in the time of being attracted to dry ice in the females of Culex tritaeniorhynchus.—Trop. Med., Nagasaki 12, 122–127.Google Scholar
Nielsen, E. T. & Nielsen, H. T. (1963). The swarming habits of some Danish mosquitoes.—Ent. Meddr. 32, 99–170.Google Scholar
Pal, R. (1945). On the bionomics of Anopheles culicifacies Giles. Part III. The behaviour of the adults.—J. Malar. Inst. India 6, 217–238.Google Scholar
Quraishi, M. S. (1963). Nocturnal prevalence of anopheline mosquitoes in Mymensingh District, East Pakistan.—J. econ. Ent. 56, 670–672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reisen, W. K. & Aslamkhan, M. (1976a). Observations on the swarming and mating behaviour of Anopheles culicifacies Giles in nature.—Bull. Wld Huh Org. 54, 155–158.Google ScholarPubMed
Reisen, W. K.& Aslamkhan, M. (1976b). Notes on the biting rhythms of some Philippine mosquitoes on carabao baits.—Kalikasan 5, 309–314.Google Scholar
Reisen, W. K., Aslamkhan, M., Suleman, M. & Naqvi, Z. H. (1976). Observations on the diel activity patterns of some Punjab mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae).—Biologia, Lahore 22, 68–77.Google Scholar
Reisen, W. K., Aslam, Y. & Siddiqi, T. F. (1977). The swarming and mating of Pakistan mosquitoes.—Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 70, 988–995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reuben, R. (1971). Studies on the mosquitoes of North Arcot District, Madras State, India. Part 2. Biting cycles and behavior on human and bovine baits at two villages.—J. med. Ent. 8, 127–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Service, M. W. (1963). The ecology of the mosquitoes of the northern Guinea savannah of Nigeria.—Bull. ent. Res. 54, 601–632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sirivanakarn, S. (1973). The forms of Culex (Culex) bitaeniorhynchus Giles in Southeast Asia.—Mosquito Syst. 5, 235–251.Google Scholar
Sirivanakarn, S. (1976). Medical entomology studies. III. A revision of the subgenus Culex in the Oriental Region (Diptera: Culicidae).—Contr. Am. ent. Inst. 12 (2), 1–272.Google Scholar
Sokal, R. R. & Rohlf, F. J. (1969). Biometry.—776 pp. San Francisco, W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Venkat Rao, V. (1960). A. annularis Van der Wulp. 1884, pp. 13–26 in Vectors of malaria in India.—2nd edn, 242 pp. Delhi, National Society of India for Malaria and other Mosquito-Borne Diseases.Google Scholar
Viswanathan, D. K., Rao, T. R. & Halgeri, A. V. (1955). Observations on some aspects of the nocturnal behavior of Anopheles culicifacies.—Indian J. Malar. 9, 371–384.Google ScholarPubMed
Wada, Yoshitake (1969). Ecological studies of Culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus (Diptera: Culicidae). I. Biting rhythm of the mosquito.—Jap. J. sanit. Zool. 20, 21–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wada, Yoshito, Kawai, S., ITO, S., Oda, T., Nishigaki, J., Suenaga, O. & Omori, N. (1970). Ecology of vector mosquitoes of Japanese encephalitis, especially culex triaeniorhynchus. 2. Nocturnal activity and host preferences based on all-night catches by different methods in 1965 and 1966 near Nagasaki City.—Trop. Med. Nagasaki 12, 79–89.Google Scholar
Wharton, R. H. (1951). The habits of adult mosquitoes in Malaya. II. Observations on culicines in window-trap huts and at cattle sheds.—Ann. trop. Med. Porasit. 45, 155–160CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, G. B. (1974a). Anopheles gambiae complex and disease transmission in Africa.— Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 68, 278–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, G. B. (1974b). Polytene karyotypes and biting times of Anopheles gambioe species B and C in the highlands of Ethiopia.—Proc. 3rd mt. Congr. Parasitol., Munich 2, 857.Google Scholar
Yajima, T., Yoshida, S. & Watanabe, T. (1971). Ecological studies on the population of adult mosquito, Culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus Dyar. The diurnal activity in relation to physiological age.—Jap. J. Ecol. 21, 204–214.Google Scholar