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Climate as a possible driver of gall morphology in the chestnut pest Dryocosmus kuriphilus across Spanish invaded areas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 August 2020

Diego Gil-Tapetado Open the ORCID record for Diego Gil-Tapetado [Opens in a new window] ,
Francisco José Cabrero-Sañudo ,
Carlo Polidori ,
Jose F. Gómez  and
José Luis Nieves-Aldrey
Diego Gil-Tapetado*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid28006, Spain
Francisco José Cabrero-Sañudo
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Novais 2, Madrid28040, Spain
Carlo Polidori
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha. Avda. Carlos III s/n., Toledo45071, Spain
Jose F. Gómez
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Novais 2, Madrid28040, Spain
José Luis Nieves-Aldrey
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid28006, Spain
*
Author for correspondence: Diego Gil-Tapetado, Email: diego.gil@ucm.es
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Abstract

The alien cynipid wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951 is a serious pest of chestnuts (Castanea spp.) in Japan, North America and Europe, causing fruit losses while inducing galls in buds. While D. kuriphilus galls have a recognizable and roughly invariable globular shape, their size varies, reaching up to 4 cm in diameter. Among other factors, such variation may depend on different climatic conditions in different attacked areas. Here, we sampled and measured 375 D. kuriphilus galls from 25 localities throughout the Iberian Peninsula, including both cold and rainy northern (Eurosiberian) areas and warm and dry central-southern (Mediterranean) areas, to test the effects of climate and geographical location on gall morphology. The analyses indicate that gall mass and volume follow a pattern that can be associated with a climatic cline. In particular, the Eurosiberian galls were smaller than the Mediterranean galls according to differences in climatic conditions. In the southern areas, the greater insolation regime does not allow the chestnut trees to be distributed at lower altitudes, but the high rainfall and humidity regime of the mountain enclaves allow their presence. These conditions of insolation and precipitation seem to influence the morphological characteristics of the galls of D. kuriphilus.

Keywords

Dryocosmus kuriphilusgallsIberian Peninsulalatitudinal gradientmorphologyrainfalltemperature
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 111 , Issue 2 , April 2021 , pp. 160 - 173
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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