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Diapause incidence and duration in the pest mango blossom gall midge, Procontarinia mangiferae (Felt), on Reunion Island

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 June 2014

P. Amouroux ,
F. Normand ,
H. Delatte ,
A. Roques  and
S. Nibouche
P. Amouroux
Affiliation:
CIRAD, UPR HortSys, 97455 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
F. Normand
Affiliation:
CIRAD, UPR HortSys, 97455 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
H. Delatte
Affiliation:
CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
A. Roques
Affiliation:
INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, 45075 Orléans, France
S. Nibouche*
Affiliation:
CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
*
*Author for correspondence Fax: +262 262 499 293 E-mail: samuel.nibouche@cirad.fr
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Abstract

The mango blossom gall midge, Procontarinia mangiferae, is a multivoltine species that induces galls in inflorescences and leaves of the mango tree, Mangifera indica. In subtropical Reunion Island, populations of P. mangiferae are observed all-year round, but the pattern and the role of dormancy in their life cycle have never been documented. We performed field and laboratory experiments using more than 15,000 larvae. We demonstrated that a larval diapause may affect a part of the midge population, regardless of the season. The total duration of the diapause varied from 6 weeks to more than 1 year. One year of field monitoring showed that the highest incidence of diapause was observed in larvae collected during the summer from mango leaves, where it affected approximately one-third of the individuals. This facultative diapause allows the permanent presence of P. mangiferae in the orchards. By recording diapause duration during 22 weeks under controlled conditions, we showed that high temperatures (26 °C) increased diapause duration and extended the range of the dates of diapause emergence, whereas cool temperatures (20 °C) shortened diapause duration and shortened the range of the dates of emergence from diapause. A temperature decrease from 26 to 20 °C triggered the emergence of diapausing individuals. These mechanisms ensure the synchronization of the emergence of diapausing individuals with the appearance of mango inflorescences, which is also induced by cool winter temperatures.

Keywords

facultative diapausetropical gall midgeCecidomyiidaeMangifera indica
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 104 , Issue 5 , October 2014 , pp. 661 - 670
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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