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Do the plant host origins of Helicoverpa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moth populations reflect the agricultural landscapes within which they are caught?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 April 2018

G.H. Baker ,
C.R. Tann ,
P. Verwey  and
L. Lisle
G.H. Baker*
Affiliation:
CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
C.R. Tann
Affiliation:
CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked Bag 59, Narrabri, N.S.W. 2390, Australia
P. Verwey
Affiliation:
NSW Department of Primary Industries, Locked Bag 1000, Narrabri, N.S.W. 2390, Australia
L. Lisle
Affiliation:
Environmental & Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, N.S.W. 2351, Australia
*
*Author for correspondence Tel: +61 2 6246 4406 Fax: +61 2 6246 4000 E-mail: Geoff.Baker@csiro.au
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Abstract

The use of Bt cotton varieties has greatly reduced the amount of conventional insecticides required to control lepidopteran pests, Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa punctigera, in Australia, but the possibility that these moths might become resistant to Bt remains a threat. Consequently, a Resistance Management Plan, which includes the mandatory growing of refuge crops (pigeon pea and non-Bt cotton; both C3 plants), has been established for Bt cotton farmers. However, knowledge of the relative contributions made to overall moth populations from the many host origins (both C3 and C4 plants) available to these insects throughout cotton production regions remains limited, as do the scales of movement and spatial mixing of moths within and between these areas. This study used stable isotope signatures (in particular δ13C) to help identify where moths fed as larvae within separate cotton production regions which differed in their proportions of C3 and C4 host crops (e.g. cotton and sorghum, respectively). C3-derived moths predominated in the early season, but C4-derived moths increased in frequency later. The overall proportion of C4 moths was higher in H. armigera than in H. punctigera. Whilst the relative proportions of C3 and C4 moths differed between regions, no differences in such proportiorns were found at smaller spatial scales, nor were there significant correlations between crop composition and isotope signatures in moths. Overall, these results suggest that C4 host plants are likely to be very important in offsetting the development of Bt resistance in these insects and such influences may operate across multiple regions within a single growing season.

Keywords

Bt resistanceHelicoverpalandscapeshost plant originsstable isotopes
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 109 , Issue 1 , February 2019 , pp. 1 - 14
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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