Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T10:41:59.315Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Field infestation, life history and demographic parameters of the fruit fly Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

S. Ekesi ,
P.W. Nderitu  and
I. Rwomushana
S. Ekesi*
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772-00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
P.W. Nderitu
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772-00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
I. Rwomushana
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772-00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
*
*Fax: +254 20 863 2001 E-mail: sekesi@icipe.org
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Field infestation rates of an invasive fruit fly species, Bactrocera invadens Drew Tsuruta & White on mango was determined at different localities in Kenya. At most of the locations and especially at low elevations, B. invadens frequently shared the same fruit with the indigenous fruit fly species Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) but often occurred at higher numbers than C. cosyra. The level of infestation varied with location ranging from 3.0 to 97.2 flies per kg of fruit. There was a significant inverse relationship between numbers of flies per kg of fruit and elevation at which fruit was collected, suggesting that B. invadens is a predominantly lowland pest. On an artificial diet, development of B. invadens immatures lasted 25 days; egg incubation required 1.2 days, larval development 11.1 days and puparia-adult development 12.4 days. About 55% of eggs developed to the adult stage. Life expectancy at pupal eclosion was 75.1 days in females and 86.4 days in males. Average net fecundity and net fertility were 794.6 and 608.1 eggs, respectively, while average daily oviposition was 18.2 eggs. Daily population increase was 11% and mean generation time was 31 days. Results are discussed in relation to the biology and ecology of the insect and in the development of mass rearing and control measures for B. invadens.

Keywords

Bactrocera invadensCeratitis cosyramangofield infestationelevationlife historydemographic parameters
Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 96 , Issue 4 , August 2006 , pp. 379 - 386
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aluja, M., Celedonio-Hurtado, H., Liedo, P., Cabrera, M., Castillo, F., Guillen, J. & Rios, E. (1996) Seasonal population fluctuations and ecological implications for management of Anastrepha fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in commercial mango orchards in southern Mexico. Journal of Economic Entomology 89, 654–667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anon. (1999) Areas in Mexico free from fruit flies (ALMF, 8/96). 30 pp. Bilingual Document, English–Spanish, Support document to the Quarantine Bilateral Agreement between MAF New Zealand and SAGAR, Mexico.Google Scholar
Anon. (2000) A submission supporting area freedom from Queensland fruit fly and Mediterranean fruit fly for the Riverland, Sunraysia and Riverrina pest free areas of mainland Australia. 32 pp. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Australia.Google Scholar
Bess, H.A. (1953) Status of Ceratitis capitata in Hawaii following the introduction of Dacus dorsalis and its parasites. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 15, 221–234.Google Scholar
Carey, J.R. (1993) Applied demography for biologists. 206 pp. New York, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Carey, J.R., Harris, E.J. & McInnis, D.O. (1985) Demography of a native strain of the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae, from Hawaii. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 38, 195–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carey, J.R., Liedo, P., Orozco, D., Tatar, M. & Vaupel, J.W. (1995) A male–female longevity paradox in medfly cohorts. Journal of Animal Ecology 64, 107–116.Google Scholar
Clarke, A.R., Armstrong, K.F., Carmichael, A.E., Milne, J.R., Raghu, S., Roderick, G.K. & Yeates, D.K. (2005) Invasive phytophagous pests arising through a recent evolutionary radiation: the Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies. Annual Review of Entomology 50, 293–319.Google Scholar
Copeland, R.S., Wharton, R.A., Luke, Q., de Meyer, M. (2002) Indigenous hosts of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Kenya. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 95, 672–694.Google Scholar
Dimbi, S. (2003) Evaluation of the potential of Hyphomycetes fungi for the management of the African tephritid fruit flies Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann), Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) and Ceratitis fasciventris (Bezzi) in Kenya. 146 pp. PhD thesis, Kenyatta University, Nairobi.Google Scholar
Drew, R.A.I. & Hancock, D.L. (1994) The Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies (Diptera; Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Asia. Bulletin of Entomological Research Supplement Series 2, 1–68.Google Scholar
Drew, R.A.I., Tsuruta, K. & White, I.M. (2005) A new species of pest fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from Sri Lanka and Africa. African Entomology 13, 149–154.Google Scholar
Ekesi, S., Maniania, N.K., Mohamed, S.A. & Lux, S.A. (2005) Effect of soil application of different formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae on African tephritid fruit flies and their associated endoparasitoids. Biological Control 35, 83–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FAO(1999) Requirements for the establishment of pest free places of production and pest free production sites. 34 pp. ISPM no. 10, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.Google Scholar
French, C. (2005) The new invasive Bactrocera species. pp. 19–20. in Insect Pest Control Newsletter, No. 65. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.Google Scholar
Haramoto, F.H. & Bess, H.A. (1970) Recent studies on the abundance of the oriental and Mediterranean fruit flies and the status of their parasites. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 20, 551–556.Google Scholar
Harris, E.J., Takara, J.M. & Nishida, T. (1986) Distribution of the melon fly Dacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) and host plants on Kauai, Hawaiian Islands. Environmental Entomology 15, 488–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HCDA (2004) Progress report on good agricultural practices, MOA/HCDA/JICA-training team. Horticultural Crops Development Authority Horticultural News 30, 6–9.Google Scholar
Hooper, G.H.S. (1987) Application of quality control procedures for large scale rearing of the Mediterranean fruit fly. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 44, 161–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ichinose, F. & Nakasone, S. (1979) Intrinsic rate of increase of laboratory populations of Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett and D. dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae). Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 23, 42–43.Google Scholar
Kaspi, R., Mossinson, S., Drezner, T., Kamensy, B. & Yuval, B. (2002) Effects of larval diet on developmental rates and reproductive maturation of male and female Mediterranean fruit flies. Physiological Entomology 27, 29–38.Google Scholar
Lawson, A.E., McGuire, D.J., Yeates, D.K., Drew, R.A.I. & Clarke, A.R. (2003) Dorsalis: an interactive identification tool to fruit flies of the Bactrocera dorsalis complex. CD-ROM Publication, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.Google Scholar
Levins, R. & Wilson, M. (1980) Ecological theory and pest management. Annual Review of Entomology 25, 287–308.Google Scholar
Liedo, P., Carey, J.R., Celedonio, H. & Guillen, J. (1992) Size specific demography of three species of Anastrepha fruit flies. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 63, 135–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liquido, N.J., Harris, E.J. & Dekker, L.A. (1994) Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera, Tephritidae) populations: host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87, 71–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lux, S.A., Zenz, N. & Kimani, S. (1999) Economic role and distribution of fruit flies. pp. 78–79. ICIPE Annual Scientific Report, 1998/199.Google Scholar
Lux, S.A., Copeland, R.S., White, I.M., Manrakhan, A. & Billah, M.K. (2003) A new invasive fruit fly species from the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) group detected in East Africa. Insect Science and Its Application 23, 355–360.Google Scholar
MacArthur, R.H. & Wilson, E.O. (1967) The theory of island biogeography. 215 pp. Princeton, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
McPeek, M.A. & Kalisz, S. (1993) Population sampling and bootstrapping in complex designs: demographic analysis. pp. 273–289.. in Scheiner, S.M. & Gurevtch, J. (Eds.) Design and analysis of ecological experiments. New York, Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Mwatawala, M.W., White, I.M., Maerere, A.P., Senkondo, F.J., de Meyer, M. (2004) A new invasive Bactrocera species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Tanzania. African Entomology 12, 154–156.Google Scholar
Nishida, T.E., Harris, E.J. & Vargas, R.I. (1980) Life system components in relation to fruit fly eradication strategies in Hawaii. pp. 133–142 in Proceedings of the Symposium on Fruit Fly Problems.Kyoto and Naha,August 9–12, 1980.Google Scholar
Papadopoulos, N.T., Katsoyannos, B.I. & Carey, J.R. (2002) Demographic parameters of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared in apples. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 95, 564–569.Google Scholar
Peck, S.L. & McQuate, G.T. (2004) Ecological aspects of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Maui, Hawaii: movement and host preference. Environmental Entomology 33, 1722–1731.Google Scholar
Rice, R.E., Phillips, P.A., Stewart-Leslie, J. & Sibbett, G.S. (2003) Olive fruit fly populations measured in central and southern California. California Agriculture 57, 122–127.Google Scholar
Rössler, Y. (1975) Reproductive differences between laboratory-reared and field-collected populations of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 68, 987–991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute (1985) SAS User's Guide: statistics, version 5 Carey, SAS Institute North Carolina.Google Scholar
Simpson, S.E. (1993) Caribbean fruit fly-free zone certification protocol in Florida (Diptera: Tephritidae). Florida Entomologist 76, 228–232.Google Scholar
Tan, K.-H. (2000) Area-wide control of fruit flies and other insect pests. 782 pp. Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang.Google Scholar
Vargas, R.I. & Carey, J.R. (1989) Comparison of demographic parameters for wild and laboratory reared tephritids (Diptera: Tephritidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 82, 55–59.Google Scholar
Vargas, R.I., Nishida, T. & Beardsley, J.W. (1983) Distribution and abundance of Dacus dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in native and exotic forest areas of Kauai. Environmental Entomology 12, 1185–1189.Google Scholar
Vargas, R.I., Miyashi, D. & Nishida, T. (1984) Life history and demographic parameters of three laboratory reared tephritids (Diptera: Tephritidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 77, 651–656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vargas, R.I., Mitchell, S., Hsu, C.-L. & Walsh, W.A. (1993) Evaluation of mass-rearing procedures for Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 86, 1157–1161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vargas, R.I., Walsh, W.A. & Nishida, T. (1995) Colonization of newly planted coffee fields: dominance of Mediterranean fruit fly over oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 88, 620–627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vargas, R.I., Walsh, W.A., Jang, E.B., Armstrong, J.W. & Kanehisa, D.T. (1996) Survival and development of immature stages of four Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) at five constant temperatures. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 89, 64–69.Google Scholar
Vargas, R.I., Walsh, W.A., Kanehisa, D.T., Jang, E.B. & Armstrong, J.W. (1997) Demography of four Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared at five constant temperatures. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 90, 162–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vargas, R.I., Walsh, W.A., Kenehisa, D., Stark, J.D. & Nishida, T. (2000) Comparative demography of three Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) at alternating temperatures. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 93, 75–81.Google Scholar
White, I.M. & Elson-Harris, M.M. (1992) Fruit flies of economic importance: their identification and bionomics. 601 pp. Wallingford, OxonCAB International.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, T.M.Y., McInnis, D.O. & Mochizuki, N. (1985) Seasonal distribution and abundance of adult male oriental fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Kula, Maui, Hawaii. Journal of Economic Entomology 78, 1267–1271.Google Scholar
Yang, P., Carey, J.R. & Dowell, R.V. (1994) Temperature influences on the development and demography of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in China. Environmental Entomology 23, 971–974.Google Scholar