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Identity of Schizaphis species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the United Kingdom: are they a threat to crops?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2013

Amalia Kati ,
Kevin A. Shufran ,
Mark S. Taylor ,
Shalva Barjadze ,
Victor F. Eastop ,
Roger L. Blackman  and
Richard Harrington
Amalia Kati
Affiliation:
Department of AgroEcology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
Kevin A. Shufran
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, 1301 N. Western Road, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA
Mark S. Taylor
Affiliation:
Department of AgroEcology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
Shalva Barjadze
Affiliation:
Agricultural University of Georgia, Entomology and Biocontrol Research Centre, 13th km of David Aghmashenebeli Alley, 0131 Tbilisi, Georgia
Victor F. Eastop
Affiliation:
Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
Roger L. Blackman
Affiliation:
Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
Richard Harrington*
Affiliation:
Department of AgroEcology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
*
*Author for correspondence Phone: +44 1582 763133 Ext. 2452 Fax: +44 1582 760981 E-mail: richard.harrington@rothamsted.ac.uk
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Abstract

The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), is a major pest of cereals in some parts of the world and is of particular concern because it can be resistant to some insecticides and overcome the resistance of crops. In the UK, it has never been found on crops, but two rather little-known and closely-related species (Schizaphis holci and Schizaphis agrostis) are associated with the wild grasses, Holcus lanatus and Agrostis stolonifera. Since 1987, winged (alate) aphids morphologically resembling the greenbug have been found in increasing numbers in 12.2 m high suction-trap samples of the Rothamsted Insect Survey (RIS); hence, studies were undertaken to establish their identity. Clones (=asexual lineages) established from populations collected from H. lanatus in southern England showed strong preference for Holcus over Agrostis and Hordeum in laboratory tests and produced sexual morphs when transferred to short-day conditions, the males being apterous, as expected for S. holci. Multivariate morphometric comparisons of alatae caught in UK RIS suction traps in 2007 and 2011 with named specimens from museum collections, including S. graminum from many countries, indicated that the suction-trapped alatae were mostly S. agrostis and S. holci. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mtDNA obtained from 62 UK specimens from suction-traps had 95.4–100% sequence identity with US specimens of S. graminum. Two of the UK specimens had identical COI sequence to the US sorghum-adapted form of S. graminum, and these specimens also had 100% identity with a 640 bp fragment of nDNA CytC, indicating that this form of S. graminum may already be present in the UK. Present and future economic implications of these results are discussed.

Keywords

Schizaphis agrostisgraminumholcigreenbugbiotypegenetic diversitylife historymorphometricssuction traps
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 103 , Issue 4 , August 2013 , pp. 425 - 440
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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