Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T11:33:43.887Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Interaction of insecticide resistance genes in field populations of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) from italy in response to changing insecticide selection pressure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

B. C. Bonning ,
J. Hemingway ,
R. Romi  and
G. Majori
B. C. Bonning
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
J. Hemingway*
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
R. Romi
Affiliation:
Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
G. Majori
Affiliation:
Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
*
J. Hemingway, Department of Medical Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St (Gower St), London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Culex pipiens Linnaeus larvae were collected from various locations in Italy and colonized as separate strains. These were analysed for elevated nonspecific esterase activity and frequency of altered acetylcholinesterase (AChE) mechanisms of insecticide resistance, and bioassayed, to define the cross-resistance spectra conferred by these to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. These mechanisms were further characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Elevated esterase A1 (formerly known as Est 3A) which predominated in C. pipiens from Italy in 1985 had been replaced by two esterases, A2 and B2. Altered acetylcholinesterase was still present at high frequencies. Altered and normal acetylcholinesterase were distinguished by differential mobility on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Levels of insecticide resistance were higher in the Lucca region of Italy than in other areas sampled, in response to intensive use of temephos and to a lesser extent chlor-pyrifos, employed to reduce mosquito biting nuisance to tourists in this area.

Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 81 , Issue 1 , March 1991 , pp. 5 - 10
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amin, A.M. & White, G.B. (1985) Resistance spectra and allel-ism of chlorpyrifos resistance factors in Culex quinquefasciatus populations from Colombo and Dar-es-Salaam. Insect Science and its Application 6, 97–103.Google Scholar
Anon. (1984) Report Azienda Municipalizzata Igiene del Territ-orio Lucca, Italia.Google Scholar
Bisset, J.A., Rodriguez, M.M., Diaz, C., Ortiz, E., Marquetti, M.C. & Hemingway, J. (1990) The mechanisms of organophosphate and carbamate resistance in Culex quinquefas-ciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Cuba. Bulletin of Entomological Research 80, 245–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonning, B.C. & Hemingway, J. (in press) Identification of reduced fitness associated with an insecticide resistance gene in Culex pipiens by microtitre plate tests. Medical and Veterinary Entomology.Google Scholar
Breeden, G.C., Majori, G. & Breaud, T.P. (1984) Malathion resistance in Culex pipiens in southern Italy. Mosquito News 44, 82–83.Google Scholar
Callaghan, A. (1989) Genetic and biochemical studies of elevated esterase electromorphs in Culex pipiens PhD Thesis, University of London, 246 pp.Google Scholar
ffrench-Constant, R.H. & Bonning, B.C. (1989) Rapid microtitre plate test distinguishes insecticide resistance acetylcholinesterase genotypes in the mosquitoes Anopheles albimanus, An. nigerrimus and Culex pipiens. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 3, 9–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hemingway, J. & Georghiou, G.P. (1983) Studies on the acetylcholinesterase of Anopheles albimanus resistant and susceptible to carbamate insecticides. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 19, 167–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karnovsky, M.J. & Roots, L. (1964) A ‘direct colouring’ thiocho-line method for cholinesterases. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 12, 219–221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peiris, H.T.R. & Hemingway, J. (1990) Mechanisms of insecticide resistance in a temephos selected Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) strain from Sri Lanka. Bulletin of Entomological Research 80, 453–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villani, F. & Hemingway, J. (1987) The detection and interaction of multiple organophosphorus and carbamate insecticide resistance genes in field populations of Culex pipiens from Italy. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 27, 218–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villani, F., Majori, G. & Romi, R. (1982) Osservazioni preliminari sui livelli di sensibilita agli esteri fosforici in popolazioni italiane del complesso Culex pipiens. Parasitologia 24, 245–253.Google ScholarPubMed
Villani, F., Romi, R., Cuoci, L. & Majori, G. (1986) Indagini sulia resistenza agli esteri fosforici in popolazioni italiane di Culex pipiens. Annali Istituto Superiore di Sanita 22, 285–288.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1975) Manual on practical entomology in malaria. WHO, Geneva.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1981) Instructions for determining the susceptibility or resistance of mosquito larvae to insecticides. WHO/VBC/81.807.Google Scholar