Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T12:11:31.172Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Pod wall trichomes and resistance of two wild cowpea, Vigna vexillata, accessions to Maruca testualis (Geyer) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål (Hemiptera: Coreidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

L. E. N. Jackai  and
S. Oghiakhe
L. E. N. Jackai
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical AgricultureOyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria
S. Oghiakhe
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical AgricultureOyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to investigate the role of pubescence in the resistance of two wild cowpea varieties, TVNu 72 and TVNu 73, to feeding and damage caused by two cowpea pests, Maruca testulalis (Geyer) and Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål. The fine structure of the trichomes was also studied by electron microscopy in order to try to determine the role played by trichomes in the resistance of these varieties to both pests. Feeding and development were deterred in both insects on pods of TVNu 72 and TVNu 73 with or without trichomes compared to the susceptible variety, IT84E-124. In M. testulalis, the same effect was observed on seeds and flowers. However, M. testulalis larvae fed and developed better, as indicated by the higher growth index values, when trichomes were removed. Growth index estimates showed a 13-fold decrease when trichomes were left intact on both TVNu 72 and TVNu 73 compared to the cultivated susceptible control. It was concluded that resistance to M. testulalis was based on trichomes in the first instance (as a first line of defence) and phytochemicals. Survival of C. tomentosicollis nymphs was not affected by trichome removal even though adult feeding damage was slightly increased. This is explained in line with previous reports which indicate that phytochemicals may be the principal factor in the resistance of TVNu 72 and TVNu 73 to this species. Glandular and non-glandular trichomes were found to be present on both the cultivated and wild cowpea. Trichomes in the two types of cowpea differ significantly only in trichome number (susceptible cultivated cowpeas have more) and non-glandular trichome length (those on wild cowpea are ca 20 times longer). Trichome length and angle to pod surface seemed to be more important than density per se.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 79 , Issue 4 , November 1989 , pp. 595 - 605
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Birch, A. N., Southgate, B. J. & Fellows, L. E. (1985). Wild and semi-cultivated legumes as potential sources of resistance to bruchid beetles for crop breeder: a study of Vigna/Phaseolus.—pp. 303–320in Wickens, G. E., Goodin, J. R. & Field, D. V. (Eds). Plants for arid lands.—452 pp. Kew, UK, Royal Botanic Gardens.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birch, A. N., Fellows, L. E., Evans, S. V. & Doherty, S. V. (1986). Para-aminophenylalanine in Vigna: possible taxonomic and ecological significance as a seed defense against bruchids.—Phytochemistry 25, 2745–2749.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Everson, E. H. & Ringlund, K. (1968). Leaf pubescence in common wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and resistance to the cereal leaf beetle Oulema melanopus (L.).—Crop Sci. 8, 705–710.Google Scholar
Howe, R. W. (1971). A parameter for expressing the suitability of an environment for insect development.—J. stored Prod. Res. 7, 63–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammond, C. T. & Mahlberg, P. G. (1973). Morphology of glandular hairs of Cannabis sativa from scanning electron microscopy.—Am. J. Bot. 60, 524–528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture) (1984). Annual report for 1983.—218 pp. Ibadan, Nigeria, IITA.Google Scholar
IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture) (1987). Annual report and research highlights for 1986.—142 pp. Ibadan, Nigeria, IITA.Google Scholar
IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture) (1988). Annual report and research highlights for 1987.—206 pp. Ibadan, Nigeria, IITA.Google Scholar
Jackai, L. E. N. (1981). Relationship between cowpea crop phenology and field infestation by the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis.—Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 74, 402–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackai, L. E. N. (in press). A laboratory technique for screening cowpeas for resistance to the cowpea coreid, Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål.—J. Econ. Ent.Google Scholar
Jackai, L. E. N. & Daoust, R. A. (1986). Insect Pests of cowpeas.—A. Rev. Ent. 31, 95–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackai, L. E. N. & Raulston, J. R. (1988). Rearing the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis, Geyer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on artifical diet.—Trop. Pest Management 34, 168–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ke, L. D., Fang, J. L. & Li, Z. J. (1985). Bionomics and control of the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis Geyer [in Chinese].—Acta ent. sin. 28, 51–59.Google Scholar
Laskowski, M. & Laskowski, M. Jr, (1954). Naturally occurring trypsin inhibitors.—Adv. Protein Chem. 9, 203–242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levin, D. A. (1973). The role of trichomes in plant defense.—Q. Rev. Biol. 48, 3–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norris, D. M. & Kogan, M. (1980). Biochemical and morphological bases of resistance.—pp. 23–62in Maxwell, F. G. & Jennings, P. R. (Eds). Breeding plants resistant to insects.—282 pp. Chichester, UK, Wiley.Google Scholar
Pillemer, E. A. & Tingey, W. M. (1976). Hooked trichomes: a physical plant barrier to a major agricultural pest.—Science 193, 482–484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stipanovic, R. D. (1983). Function and chemistry of plant trichomes and glands in insect resistance.—pp. 69–100in Hedin, P. A. (Ed.). Proceedings of a symposium held at 183rd meeting of the American Chemical Society at Las Vegas, Nevada, from 28 March to 2 April 1982.—375 pp. Washington, DC. (American Chemical Society Symp. Series 208.)Google Scholar
Suh, J. B., Jackai, L. E. N. & Hammond, W. N. O. (1986). Observations on pod sucking bug populations on cowpea at Mokwa, Nigeria.—Trop. Grain Legume Bull. 33, 17–19.Google Scholar
Taylor, T. A. (1978). Maruca testulalis: an important pest of trophical grain legumes.—pp. 193–200in Singh, S. R., van Emden, H. F. & Taylor, T. A. (Eds). Pests of grain legumes: ecology and control.—454 pp. New York, Academic Press.Google Scholar