Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T09:38:14.984Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Preliminary investigation of the mechanisms of DDT and pyrethroid resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) from Saudi Arabia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

A. M. Amin  and
J. Hemingway
A. M. Amin
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine and Allied Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
J. Hemingway*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
*
*To whom all correspondence should be sent.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

High levels (>1000-fold) of resistance to DDT, permethrin and deltamethrin were detected in Culex quinquefasciatus Say from Saudi Arabia. Biochemical enzyme and metabolic studies indicated that there is evidence for a metabolic basis to both the organochlorine and pyrethroid resistances. Electrophysiological studies indicated that there is no kdr-type mechanism conferring resistance to the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin neurophysiologically, although there is evidence of cross-resistance between DDT and the pyrethroids by bioassays. There was a change in the oxidase system in both the DDT- and permethrin-selected strains and an increase in glutathione transferase activity in the DDT-selected line. Metabolic studies indicated that both oxidases and glutathione transferases are involved with DDT resistance as DDA and DDE were the predominant metabolites after a 5-h in-vitro incubation period. Permethrin resistance is likely to involve an increase in oxidative degradation, but further metabolic studies are needed to confirm this.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 79 , Issue 3 , September 1989 , pp. 361 - 366
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amin, A. M. & Peiris, H. T. (in press). Detection and selection of organophosphate and carbamate resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus from Saudi Arabia.—Med. Vet. Entomol.Google Scholar
Chadwick, P. R., Invest, J. F. & Bowron, M. J. (1977). An example of cross-resistance to pyrethroids in DDT-resistant Aedes aegypti.—Pestic. Sci. 8, 618–624.Google Scholar
Farnham, A. W. (1977). Genetics of resistance of houseflies (Musca domestica L.) to pyrethroids. I. Knockdown resistance.—Pestic. Sci. 8, 631–636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hemingway, J., Boddington, R. G., Harris, J. & Dunbar, S. J. (1989). Mechanisms of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) from Puerto Rico.—Bull. ent. Res. 79, 123–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kulkarni, A. P. & Hodgson, E. (1976). Spectral interactions of insecticide synergists with microsomal cytochrome P-450 from insecticide-resistant and susceptible house flies.—Pestic. Biochem. & Physiol. 6, 183–191.Google Scholar
Priester, T. M. & Georghiou, G. P. (1978). Induction of high resistance to permethrin in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus.—J. econ. Ent. 71, 197–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Priester, T. M. & Georghiou, G. P. (1980a). Cross-resistance spectrum in pyrethroid-resistant Culex quinquefasciatus.—Pestic. Sci. 11, 617–624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Priester, T. M. & Georghiou, G. P. (1980b). Penetration of permethrin and knockdown in larvae of pyrethroid-resistant and -susceptible strains of the southern house mosquito.—J. econ. Ent. 73, 165–167.Google Scholar
Rathor, H. R. & Wood, R. J. (1981). In-vivo and in-vitro studies on DDT uptake and metabolism in susceptible and resistant strains of the mosquito Aedes aegypti L.—Pestic. Sci. 12, 255–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rongsriyam, Y. & Busvine, J. R. (1975). Cross-resistance in DDT-resistant strains of various mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae).—Bull. ent. Res. 65, 459–471.Google Scholar
Salgado, V. L., Irving, S. N. & Miller, T. A. (1983). Depolarization of motor nerve terminals by pyrethroids in susceptible and kdr-resistant house flies.—Pestic. Biolchem. & Physiol. 20, 100–114.Google Scholar
Sawicki, R. M. (1985). Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in arthropods.—pp. 143–192in Hutson, D. H. & Roberts, T. R. (Eds). Insecticides.—Chichester, England, Wiley.Google Scholar
WHO (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION) (1986). Resistance of vectors and reservoirs of disease to pesticides. Tenth report of the WHO Expert Committee on Vector Biology and Control.—Tech. Rep. Ser. Wld Hlth Org. no. 737, 87 pp.Google Scholar