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Relative developmental and reproductive fitness associated with pyrethroid resistance in the major southern African malaria vector, Anopheles funestus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 November 2007

P.N. Okoye ,
B.D. Brooke ,
R.H. Hunt  and
M. Coetzee
P.N. Okoye
Affiliation:
Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa School of Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
B.D. Brooke*
Affiliation:
Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa Division of Virology and Communicable Disease Surveillance, School of Pathology of the National Health Laboratory Service and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
R.H. Hunt
Affiliation:
Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa School of Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
M. Coetzee
Affiliation:
Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa Division of Virology and Communicable Disease Surveillance, School of Pathology of the National Health Laboratory Service and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
*
*Author for correspondence Fax: +27 11 386-6481 E-mail: basilb@nicd.ac.za
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Abstract

The effect of pyrethroid resistance on the fitness of a laboratory strain of Anopheles funestus originating from southern Mozambique was evaluated by comparing the developmental and reproductive characteristics of a pyrethroid resistant strain with an insecticide susceptible strain. Fitness was evaluated in terms of fecundity, fertility, egg production, developmental time and life stage progression and survival. Of the eggs laid by females of the resistant strain, 81.5% hatched while only 66.9% were recorded in the susceptible strain. The time from egg hatch to adult emergence was longer for the resistant strain (15.9 days) than the susceptible strain (15.2 days). A significantly higher proportion of eggs from the resistant strain (61.6%) survived to adulthood compared with those of the susceptible strain (49%). Fecundity and larval and pupal survival did not differ significantly between strains. Of spermathecae dissected from females of the resistant strain, 56.8% were fertilized compared to 52.6% from the susceptible strain. The proportion of females that successfully produced eggs was 43.3% and 23.3% for the resistant and susceptible strains respectively. Complete failure of larval hatch was recorded in 28.6% of susceptible strain families compared to 7.7% of resistant families. Our results show that pyrethroid resistance in southern African An. funestus does not incur any loss of fitness under laboratory conditions. These results suggest that the removal of pyrethroid insecticide selection pressure may not lead to a regression of resistance alleles in pyrethroid resistant An. funestus populations in southern Africa.

Keywords

Anopheles funestusfitnessinsecticide resistancesouthern Africapyrethroidsinsecticide resistance management
Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 97 , Issue 6 , December 2007 , pp. 599 - 605
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

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