Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T11:13:58.133Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Studies of host location behaviour in the black fly Simulium arcticum (IIS-1O.11) (Diptera: Simuliidae): aspects of close range trap orientation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

James F. Sutcliffe ,
David J. Steer  and
David Beardsall
James F. Sutcliffe*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
David J. Steer
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
David Beardsall
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
*
Dr J. F. Suftliffe, Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, K9J 7B8.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Field studies of orientation responses of the IIS-10.11 sibling of Simulium arcticum Malloch species complex and other simuliid species to host-mimicking cattle silhouette traps (CSTs) were carried out in the Athabasca region of Alberta, Canada. Simuliids were attracted to CSTs from downwind by a CO2 bait but very few were attracted to an unbaited CST. Passively searching simuliids tended to fly at lower levels than actively host seeking ones. Simuliids appeared to fly at lower levels when within visual range of the CST than when outside of it. Higher flight levels may improve chances of eventually making visual contact with the host or CST. Experiments in which a CO2 outlet was separated by increasing distances from a CST indicated that simuliids see the 1.1 m long CST at a range of approximately 8 m. Simuliids landing on the CST, whether CO2-baited or not, showed a strong preference for the trap's ends followed by the downwind side, followed by the upwind side. Species composition of collections from CST collections differed significantly from the species composition of cattle sweeps taken at the same times. Simulium vittatum was over-represented in collector catches in comparison to cattle sweeps. This bias may be due to species-specific differences in responses after landing on the CST since sweeps taken around CSTs had compositions similar to cattle sweeps. Results are discussed in terms of host orientation in biting flies in general and the suitability of CST-type traps as components of attractant-based control strategies and in simuliid population monitoring.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 85 , Issue 3 , September 1995 , pp. 415 - 424
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bursell, E., Gough, J.E., Beevor, P.S., Cork, A., Hall, D.R.& Vale, G.A. (1988) Identification of components of cattle urine attractive to tsetse flies, Glossina spp. (Diptera: Glossinidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, 281–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dransfield, R.D., Brightwell, R., Kyorku, C. & Williams, B. (1990) Control of tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) populations using traps at Nguruman, south-west Kenya. Insect Science and Its Application 80, 265–276.Google Scholar
Fallis, A.M., Bennett, G.F., Griggs, G. & Allen, T. (1967) Collecting Simulium venustum females in fan traps and on silhouettes with the aid of carbon dioxide Canadian Journal of Zoology 45, 1011–1017.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fredeen, F.J.H. (1961) A trap for studying the attacking behaviour of black flies, Simulium arcticum. Canadian Entomologist 93, 73–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fredeen, F.J.H. (1981) Keys to the black flies (Simuliidae) of the Saskatchewan River in Saskatchewan. Quaestiones Entomologicae 17, 189–210.Google Scholar
Hall, D.R., Beevor, P.S., Cork, A., Nesbitt, B.F. & Vale, G.A. (1984) 1-octen-3-ol: a potent olfactory stimulant and attractant for tsetse isolated from cattle odours. Insect Science and Its Application 5, 335–339.Google Scholar
Hassanali, A., MacDowell, P.G., Owaga, M.L.A. & Saini, R.K. (1986) Identification of tsetse attractants from excretory products of a wild host animal, Syncerus caffer.Insect Science and Its Application 7, 5–9.Google Scholar
Mason, P.G. (1986) Evaluation of a ‘cow-type’ silhouette trap with and without CO2 bait for monitoring populations of adult Simulium luggeri (Diptera: Simuliidae). Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 2, 482–484.Google ScholarPubMed
O'Grady, G.E. & Mclver, S.B. (1987) Fine structure of the compound eye of the black fly Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 56, 1454–1469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Opiyo, E.A., Njogu, A.R. & Omuse, J.K. (1990) Use of impregnated targets for control of Glossina pallidipes in Kenya. Insect Science and Its Application 11, 417–425.Google Scholar
Owaga, M.L.A. (1984) Preliminary observations on the efficiency of olfactory attractants derived from wild hosts of tsetse. Insect Science and Its Application 2, 87–90.Google Scholar
Owaga, M.L.A. (1985) Observations on the efficiency of buffalo urine as a potent olfactory attractant for Glossina pallidipes Austen. Insect Science and Its Application 6, 561–566.Google Scholar
Owaga, M.L.A., Hassanali, A. & McDowell, P.G. (1988) The role of 4-cresol and 3-n-propylphenol in the attraction of tsetse flies to buffalo urine. Insect Science and Its Application 9, 95–100.Google Scholar
Peterson, B.V. (1959) Observations on mating, feeding and oviposition of some Utah species of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Entomologist 91, 147–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peterson, B.V. (1981) Simuliidae. pp. 355–391in McAlpine, J.F., Peterson, B.V., Shewell, G.E., Teskey, H.J., Vockeroth, J.R. & Wood, D.M. (Eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 1. Government of Canada Publishing Centre, Hull, Canada.Google Scholar
Procunier, W.S. (1984) Cytological identification of pest species of the Simulium arcticum complex present in the Athabasca River and associated tributaries. Farming For The Future final report (F-1010), 44 pp.Google Scholar
Shemanchuk, J.A. & Anderson, J.R. (1980) Bionomics of biting flies in the agricultural area of central Alberta. pp. 207–214in Haufe, W.O. & Croome, G.C.R. (Eds) Control of black flies in the Athabasca River. Alberta Environment Technical Report.Google Scholar
Shipp, J.L (1985) Comparison of silhouette, sticky and suction traps with and without dry-ice bait for sampling black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in central Alberta. Canadian Entomologist 117, 113–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutcliffe, J.F. (1986) Black fly host location: a review. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, 1041–1053.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutcliffe, J.F. (1987) Orientation of biting flies to their hosts. Insect Science and Its Application 8, 611–616.Google Scholar
Sutcliffe, J.F., Shemanchuk, J.A. & McKeown, D.B. (in press) Preliminary survey of odours that attract the black fly, Simulium arcticum Malloch (IIS-10.II) (Diptera: Simuliidae) to its cattle hosts in the Athabasca Region of Alberta. Insect Science and Its Application.Google Scholar
Vale, G.A. (1974) Direct observations on the responses of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to hosts. Bulletin of Entomological Research 64, 589–594.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G.A. (1980) Field studies of the responses of tsetse flies (Glossinidae) and other Diptera to carbon dioxide, acetone and other chemicals. Bulletin of Entomological Research 70, 563–570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G.A. (1983) The effects of odours, wind direction and wind speed on the distribution of Glossina (Diptera: Glossinidae) and other insects near stationary targets. Bulletin of Entomological Research 73, 55–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G.A. & Hall, D.R. (1985a) The role of 1-octen-3-ol, acetone and carbon dioxide in the attraction of tsetse flies, Glossina spp. (Diptera: Glossinidae), to ox odour. Bulletin of Entomological Research 75, 209–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G.A. & Hall, D.R. (1985b) The use of 1-octen-3-ol, acetone and carbon dioxide to improve baits for tsetse flies, Glossina spp. (Diptera: Glossinidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 75, 219–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G.A., Hargrove, J.W., Cockbill, G.F. & Phelps, R.J. (1986) Field trials of baits to control populations of Glossina morsitans Westwood and G. pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 76, 179–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G.A., Lovemore, D.F., Flint, S. & Cockbill, G.F. (1988) Odour-baited target to control tsetse flies, Glossina spp. (Diptera: Glossinidae), in Zimbabwe. Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, 31–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar